Dementia: Types, Symptoms, Historical Background, and Future

This presentation provides an overview of dementia, including its types, symptoms, historical background, and future. It also discusses the impact of affordable care act, medical workforce, cost, access to care, class system, government role, information technology, ethical and legal issues.

Health Service
Dementia

Dementia
• Dementia is a category of brain disease.
• It causes gradual decrease in thinking and
remembering ability.
• It affects the daily functioning of a person.
• No affect on the person’s consciousness.

Symptoms of dementia
• Cognitive
• Behavioral
• Mood
• Psychological
• Muscular (Hendriks, Smalbrugge,
Hertogh & van der Steen, 2014)

TYPES OF DEMENTIA
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Vascular dementia
• Dementia with Lewy bodies
• Mixed dementia
• Parkinson’s disease
• Frontotemporal dementia
• Creutzfeldt- Jacob disease
• Normal pressure hydrocephalus
• Huntington’s disease
• Wernickle-Korsakoff Sydrome

Historical Background
• The concept of Dementia was first
documented by Egyptian
psychiatrists in 2000 BC.
• The phenomenon was given a name
in 1797.
• In 18th century, the term dementia
was used for individuals suffering
from intellectual deficit.

Historical background
• Pythagoras classified the human
lifespan into six phases.
• “Senium” was the term used for the
last two phases.
• It is a period of physical and mental
delay.
• Final phase results in leading the
mind towards the epoch of infancy.

Relation of affordable care act
with dementia
• The purpose behind the designing of
Affordable Care Act is to overhaul the
healthcare system of America.
• Its programs are aimed at aiding the
dementia patients and other patients
suffering from degenerative conditions.
• Affordable Care Act help dementia patients
in the areas of Insurance and Medicare
availability, and effectiveness and care
quality (Rak & Janis Coffin DO, 2013).

Relation of affordable care act
with dementia
Discounts and benefits implemented by
Affordable Care Act for dementia patients
include:
•Annual “wellness visit”
•Coverage Gap
•Transitional Care
• Program

Relation of affordable care act
with dementia
• Affordable Care Act appears to be
promising for the patients suffering from
dementia.
• The quality of care, educational programs
and the affordability of the insurance
coverage are all in the process of being
improved.

Managed Care or Health
Insurance
Affordable Care Act reflects health
insurance instead of managed care.

The Impact of Medical
Workforce on Dementia
• Medical workforce supports dementia
patients with health and medical questions
.
• Dementia specialists include-
 Geriatricians
 Geriatric psychiatrists
 Neurologists
 Neuropsychologists

The Impact of Medical
Workforce on Dementia
• There are very few medical specialists for
diagnosing the patients having early signs
of Alzheimer's.
• Most of the people do not get to know
whether they are eligible for the therapy
that can prevent the progression of the
disease.

Cost of Dementia
• In the year 2018, Alzheimer's and other
types of dementia are expected to cost
$277 billion for the nation.
• By the year 2050,
these costs are
expected to rise to
$1.1 trillion.

Access to Dementia Care
• The US healthcare system is still not
prepared of bringing future Alzheimer's
treatment into quick clinical use.
• Few medical specialist that can diagnose
patients with signs of dementia.
• Few specialized diagnostic scanners.
• Shortcomings in the areas of health care
system.

Class System in Dementia
• The class system and social class have a
impact on the prevalence of dementia.
• Socio- economic status act as the risk
factors that causes dementia.

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN
DEMENTIA
Following role is played by the government
in response to the Alzheimer's disease-
•Regulation
•Coordination
•Standardization

Advantage of Government Support
in Dementia
• Accelerates research of new drug
• Reduction in non- standard diagnosis of
disease
• Establishes globally common guidelines
and standards for Dementia

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
DEMENTIA
• Information Technology plays an important
role in healthcare sector in modern societies.
• It refers to the internet and health services
which are improved or delivered with the
help of internet or related technologies.
• The use of information technology in
dementia has resulted in various benefits.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
DEMENTIA
The use of information technology in case of
dementia also has certain limitations.
•Resistance to the use
of information
technologies.
•Resistance to the
acquisition of knowledge

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
DEMENTIA
• Both caregiver and patients play an
important role in the use of information
technology.
• The role is associated with the carrying out
of in-home treatment and diagnosis.

Ethical Issues in Healthcare
and Dementia
The ethical issues in dementia are somehow
similar with that faced in healthcare. The
ethical issues include:
•Improving access to care
•Protecting patient confidentiality and
privacy
•Building and maintaining a capable
healthcare workforce
•Balancing efficiency and quality of care

Legal Issues in Healthcare and
Dementia
• Different legal standards in different states
for determining the mental competence.
• A will signed and executed by a person
suffering from dementia is not
recognizable by a court.
• People with dementia are not restricted
from driving.

FUTURE OF DEMENETIA
• Approximately 5.7 million people suffer
from dementia currently in United States.
• This disease is developed in America in
every 65 seconds.
• By 2050, the figure may rise to 14 million.

FUTURE OF DEMENETIA
• According to the scientists, the condition
of dementia will become treatable in the
coming decade.
• Medication will be offered through the two
treatments that are currently under
clinical trials.

References
• Gozes, I. (2016). The Future for Dementia Research: a Perspective
from the Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. Journal of Molecular
Neuroscience, 60(3), 410-411.
• Hendriks, S. A., Smalbrugge, M., Hertogh, C. M., & van der Steen, J.
T. (2014). Dying with dementia: symptoms, treatment, and quality
of life in the last week of life. Journal of Pain and Symptom
Management, 47(4), 710-720.
• Hickey, E. & Bourgeois, M. S. (2011). Dementia: From Diagnosis to
Management - A Functional Approach. Taylor & Francis.
• Hurd, M. D., Martorell, P., & Langa, K. (2015). Future monetary costs
of dementia in the United States under alternative dementia
prevalence scenarios. Journal of population ageing, 8(1-2), 101-112.
• Rak, S., & Janis Coffin DO, F. A. A. F. P. (2013). Affordable care
act. The Journal of medical practice management: MPM, 28(5), 317.
• Rigby, T., Ashwill, R., Mulhall, S., Johnson, D. K., & Galvin, J. E.
(2015). Caregiver experience of grief and burden is similar across
Alzheimer’s, parkinson’s, and lewy body dementia
types. Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's
Association, 11(7), P589-P590.