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The Demographic Economic Paradox

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University of Oxford

   

Added on  2020-04-13

The Demographic Economic Paradox

   

University of Oxford

   Added on 2020-04-13

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Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW Literature ReviewName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
The Demographic Economic Paradox_1
1LITERATURE REVIEW Table of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................2Literature Review............................................................................................................................3Income and Fertility: Malthusian View.......................................................................................3The Demographic-Economic Paradox.........................................................................................4Reason behind the inverse relationship between GDP and Birth Rate........................................5Empirical Evidences....................................................................................................................7Contradictory Findings................................................................................................................8Fertility J-Curve...........................................................................................................................8Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9References......................................................................................................................................10
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2LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction The development and well-being of a country depends on many attributes and factors,both internal as well as external. One of the most important determinants of the dynamics of anycountry, in a general framework, is the economic progress of the country and the activities takingplace in this domain. Many of the indicators of well being of the residents of the country dependson the economic progress and distribution of the fruits of such progress among the population ofa country. One such important attribute, which roughly shows the overall condition of a country,is the birth rate or the fertility of the population of the country. Fertility of the population of acountry has considerable implications on the welfare dynamics of a country as the same is linkedto many other attributes including the overall infrastructural framework, education andemployment status as well as income of the country, which is usually measured with the help ofthe Gross Domestic Product of the country. There exists huge speculations and theories regarding the linkage between the birth rateof a country and the income of the country, in macro sense. The most popular theoreticalframeworks, which have been evolved over the years, suggest a presence of inverse relationshipbetween the above two variables. However, there are substantial arguments against this beliefalso. Taking this debate regarding the presence of a relation between the income status of acountry and its fertility at the same point of time, the following section of the report incorporatesa detailed review of the literatures and scholarly works in this aspect.
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3LITERATURE REVIEW Literature Review Over the years, the economists and speculators across the world have argued over therelationship between the income level dynamics of a country and the changes in the birth rates ofthe population of the same country. Many theories and counter theories have come forwardregarding this aspect. There exists considerable amount of literary evidences in this topic ofconcern, some asserting the presence of the said linkage while some negating the arguments putforward. Income and Fertility: Malthusian View One of the pioneering thinkers in this domain was Thomas Malthus. Malthus (1809),more than two centuries ago, argued in his works, that income is one of the primary determiningfactors of the fertility of the population of the country and the dynamics in the same. Malthus, inhis works, argued in favor of the presence of positive relationship between the income growth ofa country and the growth of the fertility statistics of the country. According to Malthus, with theincrease in the income of the nation, the overall income and well being of the population of theconcerned nation also increases. This in turn enables the population to produce more offspring asthey can afford to have more children, which in its turn contributes to the increased fertility rateof the country. His views were supported by a considerable share of scholarly works during thatperiod, including the extensive essay on population dynamics by Malthus and Layton (1958),which also theoretically argues in favor of the presence of a direct relationship between theabove discussed two variables. Malthus, however, did not just stop at this speculation only. In his later works, Malthus(1872), also suggests to emphasize on the effects and burdens of high population and higherfertility rates on the nation, especially in the time of crisis like natural calamities and others. As
The Demographic Economic Paradox_4

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