(PHI 203)-Department of Public Health & Informatics
Added on 2023-05-12
10 Pages2230 Words208 Views
1
Department of Public Health & Informatics
48th batch
Course no: PHI 203
Course tittle : Microbiology
Submitted To
Zebunnesa Zeba
Assistantant professor
Department of Public Health & Informatics
Jahangirnagar University
Submitted by
Iftekhar Uddin Sakib
Roll no: 1632
Submission date : 15/03/2021
Department of Public Health & Informatics
48th batch
Course no: PHI 203
Course tittle : Microbiology
Submitted To
Zebunnesa Zeba
Assistantant professor
Department of Public Health & Informatics
Jahangirnagar University
Submitted by
Iftekhar Uddin Sakib
Roll no: 1632
Submission date : 15/03/2021
2
Corona Virus
Corona virus are group of related RNA viruses that cause disease In mammals and birds. In human and
birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illness in humans
include some cases of the common cold, while more lethal. Mild illness in humans include some cases of
the common cold, while more lethal varieties can cause SARS,MERS and Covid-19. In cows and pigs they
cause diarrhea while in mice they cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis.
Identification :
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae,
order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-
stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of
coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA
viruses. They have characteristic club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which
in electron micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona, from which their name
derives.
Classification:
Coronaviruses from the sub family orthocorona virinae which is one of the two subfamilies in
the family Coronaviridae order Nidovirales and realm Riboviria. They are divided in the four
genera : Alpha corona virus, Betacorona virus infect mammals while gamma coronaviruses and
delta corona viruses primarily infect birds . Most human coronaviruses fall into one of two
serotypes : OC43 like and 229E like.
Corona Virus
Corona virus are group of related RNA viruses that cause disease In mammals and birds. In human and
birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illness in humans
include some cases of the common cold, while more lethal. Mild illness in humans include some cases of
the common cold, while more lethal varieties can cause SARS,MERS and Covid-19. In cows and pigs they
cause diarrhea while in mice they cause hepatitis and encephalomyelitis.
Identification :
Coronaviruses constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family Coronaviridae,
order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-
stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genome size of
coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, one of the largest among RNA
viruses. They have characteristic club-shaped spikes that project from their surface, which
in electron micrographs create an image reminiscent of the solar corona, from which their name
derives.
Classification:
Coronaviruses from the sub family orthocorona virinae which is one of the two subfamilies in
the family Coronaviridae order Nidovirales and realm Riboviria. They are divided in the four
genera : Alpha corona virus, Betacorona virus infect mammals while gamma coronaviruses and
delta corona viruses primarily infect birds . Most human coronaviruses fall into one of two
serotypes : OC43 like and 229E like.
3
Pathogenesis :
Coronavirus infect many species of animals including humans, causing acute and chronic
disease. It remained unknown to find the possible mechanism of corona virus infection.
However the disease model comprised of three phases replication of virus, hyperactivity of
immune system and pulmonary cells destruction due to proliferation of epithelial cells, alveolar
damage and macrophages infiltration. Autopsies studies of virus affected people shown that
this infection is basically systematic disease with extrapulmonary discemination followed by
shedding of virus in respiratory secretion, urine, stools and sweat.
Diagnosis :
There is no reliable clinical method to distinguish coronavirus colds from colds caused by
rhinoviruses or less common agents. For research purposes, virus can be cultured from nasal
swabs or washings by inoculating organ cultures of human fetal or nasal tracheal epithelium. The
virus in these cultures is detected by electron microscopy or other methods. The most useful
method for laboratory diagnosis is to collect paired sera (from the acute and convalescent phases
of the disease) and to test by ELISA for a rise in antibodies against OC43 and 229E.
Complement fixation tests are insensitive; other tests are inconvenient and can be used only for
one serotype. Direct hybridization and polymerase chain reaction tests for viral nucleic acid have
been developed and, particularly with the latter, are the most sensitive assays currently available
for detecting virus .
Prevention :
Prevention is the only way to overcome this situation by disseminating information through social
media across the globe. Education campaigns are launched to promote different precautionary
measures including frequent hand washing using soap or use of sanitizers, face mask to inhibit
transmission of disease. The community should refrain from crowded places and should remain
inside home avoid contacts with animals. Children and elderly have greater susceptibility to
disease hence precautionary measures needs to be taken34 .Most important thing is to report
sign and symptoms like fever, flu, sore throat and cough. Close social contacts to suspected areas
Pathogenesis :
Coronavirus infect many species of animals including humans, causing acute and chronic
disease. It remained unknown to find the possible mechanism of corona virus infection.
However the disease model comprised of three phases replication of virus, hyperactivity of
immune system and pulmonary cells destruction due to proliferation of epithelial cells, alveolar
damage and macrophages infiltration. Autopsies studies of virus affected people shown that
this infection is basically systematic disease with extrapulmonary discemination followed by
shedding of virus in respiratory secretion, urine, stools and sweat.
Diagnosis :
There is no reliable clinical method to distinguish coronavirus colds from colds caused by
rhinoviruses or less common agents. For research purposes, virus can be cultured from nasal
swabs or washings by inoculating organ cultures of human fetal or nasal tracheal epithelium. The
virus in these cultures is detected by electron microscopy or other methods. The most useful
method for laboratory diagnosis is to collect paired sera (from the acute and convalescent phases
of the disease) and to test by ELISA for a rise in antibodies against OC43 and 229E.
Complement fixation tests are insensitive; other tests are inconvenient and can be used only for
one serotype. Direct hybridization and polymerase chain reaction tests for viral nucleic acid have
been developed and, particularly with the latter, are the most sensitive assays currently available
for detecting virus .
Prevention :
Prevention is the only way to overcome this situation by disseminating information through social
media across the globe. Education campaigns are launched to promote different precautionary
measures including frequent hand washing using soap or use of sanitizers, face mask to inhibit
transmission of disease. The community should refrain from crowded places and should remain
inside home avoid contacts with animals. Children and elderly have greater susceptibility to
disease hence precautionary measures needs to be taken34 .Most important thing is to report
sign and symptoms like fever, flu, sore throat and cough. Close social contacts to suspected areas
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