Design Principles for E-Bikes at Western Sydney University

Course & Code
Design for E-Bike
Lecturer
Name.....................
Group Members:
1. ......................
2. ..................................
3. .............................................
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics
University of Western Sydney
Date

Executive Summary
The popularity of e-bikes has been on the rise over the recent past following their features such
as reliability, eco-friendliness, practicality, safety as well as convenience. The currently existing
e-bikes are technologically superior relative to their preceding counterparts and are currently
available in a variety of models in which focus has been on s considerable superiority on its
speed as well as acceleration, not forgetting its lightweight nature. The manner of the technology
that has been used in the modeling of e-bikes makes them a convenient means of transport for
both the student and the community at large when it comes to transport over short distances.
This report explores the main design principles in relation to the subsequent generations of e-
bikes that are to be used in Western Sydney University. This is aimed at incorporating the
proposal that is targeting Smart campus. The report presents an overall function of the e-bikes, as
well as the advantages and disadvantages in relation to the available design choices which is
inclusive of the components profile and design of components. The results re then examined and
interpretations made in relation to the bike’s major components. The report as well discusses
elaborately the performance criteria of the e-bikes and the way of satisfaction of the criterion
send incorporating into thee state-of-the-art is finally established. The report finalizes at an
assemblage of the e-bike whose rending has been achieved through the aid of CAD software.

Contents
Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Background..................................................................................................................................................4
Objectives....................................................................................................................................................5
The e-Bike....................................................................................................................................................6
Production Cost Performance Criteria.........................................................................................................7
Basic Design Decisions.................................................................................................................................8
Design Analysis..........................................................................................................................................14
Design for X (DFX)......................................................................................................................................21
Final Design...............................................................................................................................................26
Discussion..................................................................................................................................................30
Conclusion and Recommendations...........................................................................................................31
References.................................................................................................................................................33

Introduction
Advancements in the technology have a critical role to play in influencing the functioning of any
society when it comes to the transport industry with specific reference to short distance transport.
The introduction of electric powered skateboards, bikes and hover board have seen a great
change sweep across this technological developments. There has been significant development in
technology in about the last two centuries in terms of design, materials and motors with
tremendous improvements being witnessed in short distance transport choices as a result of the
experienced developments in technology (Kiefer, C. and Behrendt, F., 2016). The technological
advancements in the field of short distance transports has also led to an increase in the polarity of
the short distance transport choices and improved appeal and d acceptability among the members
of a community.
The prohibitive costs besides the limited practicality of electric bikes have made them lose
popularity among users in the recent year, a challenge that has gradually been eliminated or is
undergoing gradual elimination trend following the improvements that are being witnessed in the
domain of materials as well as new manufacturing processes (Hu, F., Lv, D., Zhu, J. and Fang, J.,
2014). Such improvements have seen electric bias whose design are above par, having their costs
lying within the acceptable and affordable ranges and the performance within the satisfactory
brackets. This makes such bikes gain the once lost popularity as for the case of the bike system
of Western Sydney in which they are used as convenient, safety, free and sustainable transports
for both the students and the staff between the various points on the Penrith Campus.

Background
e-bikes are available all over the world even through their potential have not full been
experienced with regards to their aesthetical values, lightweight and high affordability. Among
the pioneer who built the first tricycle in the 1880s included John Perry and William Ayrton who
devised a tricycle that was powered using 10 heavy acid batteries and a horsepower motor 0f 0.5.
The main drawback of this invention at the time was the acid batteries that were very heavy and
were of low efficiency thereby interfering with the smooth operation of the device (Kiefer, C. and
Behrendt, F., 2016). This problems which began in the early days of the invention of the device
continued for quite some time becoming a significant issue that called for attention as a bike with
high performance must incorporate light weight and optimal power. Excessive installation of
battery in as much as would make it attain the necessary power to operate it, would add on the
weight and this to significant levels lower the velocity and acceleration. This calls for a
consideration of the optimal performance without compromising the performance of the bike
allowing the bike to still be in possession of the capability of travelling a specific maximum
distance in line with its inherent capabilities.
There have been tremendous advancements in technology over the year around the world in
almost if not all dimension of life with regard to the development of the e-bikes. Such
developments have been in line with batteries of lightweight and improved efficiency, high
performance motors that were configured to have high efficiency and the capability of
maximizing the available power (Hu, F. et. al, 2014). Developments have also been witness in the
materials that are being used for the frames of the bike. Other forms of development are
inclusive of using components that aim at ensuring that the biker is lighter and stronger and has
enhanced performance.

Objectives
The main objective of this design was to come up with a bike that is effective o be used at
Western Sydney University. Achieving such an objective calls for considerations into the main
features, riding ability, range, handling features as well as the economic needs of the product that
would ensure a competitive product is availed in the Australian market (Pellitteri, F.et. al, 2013).
The design of the bile is primary for the students of Penrith University and hence the design must
be aligned to the needs of these students. Of greatest importance among the characteristic of the
students is that most of them have age ranging between 18 and 26, and yet another feature that
would be considered is the aesthetic bearing in mind that the deign targets naturally materialistic
group of people. Consideration must as well be given to the distance between Warrington
campus and the Kingswood campus in order to meet the functional requirements of the device to
be constructed.
For the case of tis construction, a maximum distance of about 3.2 km travel is considered as the
ideal construction guide who is arrived at by taking into account the roads and the shared
pathways. There are shuttle buses that have been deployed to ply the route between Penrith
Campus and Kingswood campus, a strategy that has only managed to partly achieve the intended
mission (Pellitteri, F.et al, 2013). Through the implementation of the Smart Campus proposal and
the e-bike transport system, students will be able to get to their classes on time in with a lot of
convenience. The implementation will also see the journey of the students full of fun and
enjoyment.

Figure 1: Longest Distance between Kingswood Campus Kingswood Campus of Western Sydney
University and its Warrington Campus
The e-Bike
The roles of each of the members of the team are as described:
Person A:
 Literature on the history and current design as well as DFX
 Design of the solid works parts of the e-Bike which was composed of approximately 40
parts
 Writing about 25% of the report
 Assemblage of the various parts of the e-bike
Person B:
 Extensive and elaborate rear on the various e-bike motor systems, criteria of
performance, designs of frames and LCA

 Handling theoretical calculations
 Writing 50% of the report
 Preparation of the presentation slides to be used in demonstrating the working of the
design
Person 3:
 Writing 25% of the report
 Finite Element Analysis and Analysis of the Motion of the e-bike
 FME Analysis alongside Environmental impact analysis
Production Cost Performance Criteria
There has been considerable increase in the usage of e-bike over the recent past with
advancements being needed in the pasts of convenience in transit, competence, sustainability as
well as effectiveness which is heavily influence by the price offer that is given to the consumers.
The design must be done in such a way that it is very competitive in order to enable procurement
of numerous units that can be used at the Smart Campus. A price range of between USSD 1500
and USSD 2500 has been proposes as the piece of the product with the most expensive product
have higher performance and low market popularity (Kiefer, C. and Behrendt, F., 2016).
Still, the implementation of the most expensive bike would not be incorporate into the WSU
market following the current predictions. Important to note as well is that the performance of the
e-bike must be in accordance with th acceptability standards which is the capability to travel
about 26km, the approximated distance between Warrington Campus and Kingswood campus
when the assumption made is that the journey is to be completed 8 times. Another acceptability