Design Thinking for Enterprise: An Exploration of Problems Using the 5W&H Model

This report explores the wicked problem of education design using the 5W&H model and the SDG goal of quality education. It discusses the targets set by SDG and how to achieve them using innovative approaches and technology. The report highlights the issues related to education infrastructure, educational inequality, slow progress in school, slow completion rate, and much more. It also discusses the impact of the pandemic on the education sector and how it has wiped out the 20 years of education gains. The report concludes that through design thinking, the goals can be effectively attained using different approaches and techniques.

An exploration of problems
using the 5W&H model

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
The wicked problem....................................................................................................................1
SDG (sustainable Development Goal) GOAL related to the wicked goal..................................3
5W&H Model..............................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
References:.......................................................................................................................................8
Online..........................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Sustainability is the concept that defines the accomplishment of one's own goals and
needs without compromising or putting stake the ability of the future generation to meet their
own needs (Angeli and Giannakos, 2020). In corporate world the sustainability has become the
buzzword for the organisations because to become the well known corporate giants the
organisations must comprise with sustainability principles and goals in order to move forwards
successfully. The United nations and its member states in 2015 has adopted the agenda of
sustainable development till 2030 (Department of economic and social affairs, The 17
Goals,2021). This respective agenda of Sustainable development contains 17 goals which
provide a shared blueprint for the people, planet, peace. Prosperity now and in the future. The
present report is the exploration of the one wicked problem like poverty, hunger, financial crisis,
terrorism etc. in today's society. The report will focus on one SDG goal to mitigate the problem
and explore the problem and the SDG goal using the 5W &H model.
MAIN BODY
The wicked problem
In the today's modern world there is huge problem of education design as with the
pandemic the education sector has faced a major downfall. Due to the inefficient educational
design the students are moving backward in terms of knowledge, excellence and qualification
(Gessler, Bohlinger and Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, 2021). Despite of the progress in the
technology, resources the world is still lacking itself to meet the millennium development goals
of achieving Universal primary education. As per the educational statistics the this problem is
huge as in year 2013, 59 million students or children of the primary school were out from the
school.
In the field of educational design the international community of education are not able to
address the gap between the quality and equity of the education. This is a serious issue as the
education is what the citizens must receive as their right.
Another recognisable issue in the design of education is that the in 2014 many children
failed to pass the minimum level criteria of the reading, writing and understanding the basic level
of mathematics (Department of economic and social affairs, The 17 Goals,2021). This is serious
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issue that in long term this uneducated population will be liability to countries and also grow
unemployment and also the sustainable growth of the world will be at risk.
In terms of educational infrastructure there is also a issue of lack of trained teachers and poor
conditions of the schools in large part of the world and in the developing countries this has been
risking the prospects of the quality education for all. There is also the problem of the access of
the water supply and electricity at schools in some regions (Adeoye, Adanikin and Adanikin,
2020).
The rapid changes in the technology has also created the challenges for the learning
environment, teachers capabilities, quality of education also are not at pace. Also to this factor
the women and girls of small towns and marginalised people are highly vulnerable to this
settings. This is basically giving rise to the global illiterate population.
In many developing countries the schools are facing the issue of lack of basic
infrastructure in providing the effective learning environment. In the primary and senior
secondary schools there are less than half schools have access to electricity, internet facility,
computers and a safe and hygienic water to drink.
In the year 2020 due to the emergence of the Covid-19 there was the closure of the
schools in order to slow down the spread of virus. The closure of the schools has created the
adverse impact on the learning outcomes and also on the social and behavioural aspects of the
children and the teenagers. Also this has impacted the 90% of the world's student population
(Department of economic and social affairs, The 17 Goals,2021).
Also due to the remote learning the community that has no access and knowledge of the digital
learning platforms are badly impacted and also the digital medium of learning has widened the
current gap in equality in reference to education.
The impact of pandemic has remained very drastic to the educational setting as its has
generational catastrophe. The pandemic has directly impacted the well being and students
learning (Rivas and et. al., 2020). Also the students or the children of the vulnerable regions has
very long term impacts as are at the risk of not coming back to school as they are being forced
for the child marriage or the child labour. Also the due to the pandemic there is loss of
knowledge and learning and motivation to attend the school after the reopening.
Education is a way by which there is raisin the socio-economic mobility and also it is one of the
key aspect to escape from the poverty from the last few increasing access of education and
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schools to the people of marginalised society and particularly for the girls. Yet there is a situation
where half of the children's and teenagers worldwide or not meeting the minimum criteria of
proficiency standards in reading and mathematics.
With the emergence of covid-19 pandemic which spread all across the group the majority of the
countries have to announce the temporary close of the schools, colleges, University, educational
institution, which has impacted 91% of student’s education worldwide. Analysed in the April
2020 that due to the closure of the schools there are 1.6 billion children's and teenagers that were
relying on the school means for the daily source of nutrients and now a part of the hunger
(Department of economic and social affairs, The 17 Goals,2021). There are many such issues
and it order to mitigate them wisely with the long term future perspective the UN sustainable
development through its goal of quality education is responding via implementation of various
targets that will solve this wicked problem from roots and provide the best education design to
worldwide in the upcoming future (Castellanos and Queiruga-Dios, 2021).
SDG (sustainable Development Goal) GOAL related to the wicked goal
The 4 goal of the 2030 Agenda of sustainability development is highly related to the
issues of the wicked problem of the education design.
The goal is “to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong opportunities of all” (Department of economic and social affairs, The 17
Goals,2021).
As per the current situation the Covid-19 has wiped out the 20 years of the education gains and
also there are many other issues related to education infrastructure, educational inequality, slow
progress in school, slow completion rate and much more. To mitigate all these problems there is
the SDG goal which has some targets to be fulfilled. In order to protect the well-being and the
education of the children's the UNESCO ensure that every children will gain access to can a new
journey by launching the covid-19 global education program with you multi-sector partnership
between civil society organisations NGOs media it partner and family in order to design and
deploy innovative solution. As UNESCO believes that by coming together country can tackle
any kind of situation connectivity gaps and facility includes learning system for the children's
and teenagers.
 With the help of quality educational sustainable development goal the global education
programme aims to help worldwide in mobilizing the resources and executing the
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innovator approaches that provides education remotely, no tech approaches and also hi-
tech and low tech are leveraged (Ramirez-Mendoza and et. al., 2020).
 Help of a sustainable goal equitable solutions and universal access of coordinated
responses in order to avoid the overlapping efforts are created which will mitigate the
problem of inequality in the education.
5W&H Model
To mitigate the problem of the education the 5W&H model is utilized by covering the 4 goal of
education equality of the SDG. The model contains 5 questions starting from W such as WHY,
WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHO and 1 question starts from H that is HOW. The framework is
well structured with different questions that will conduct deep research and analysis in order
mitigates the wicked problem of education design in the worldwide. The model is discussed
below:
 What needs to be done?
In order to resolve the issue related to the wicked problem of education design the
government, social communities and other educational heads must comply with the targets of the
Sustainable Development Goal of equality and quality education. Some of the key targets set by
SDG to mitigate the problem are discussed underneath:
In order to ensure the equitable and quality education with marginalize society disables and
other children's of the society the most important thing is to strengthen the national policies and
the legal system that can make sure that every children all across the world is access to the
quality education despite of its religion, caste race, gender, disabilities or any other
discrimination factor (Sycheva, Budagov and Novikov, 2020).
The SDG has set target that make sure that there will be the elimination of gender disparities
in the educational system in order to ensure that equal access of level of educational and
vocational training is be provided to girls, vulnerable children, children with disabilities and
marginalised groups.
To mitigate the situation of unqualified teachers and healthy infrastructure the SDG has set a
target by 2030 to substantially increase the demand and supply of qualified teachers there for
including International cooperation of teachers training (Department of economic and social
affairs, The 17 Goals,2021).
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It is to ensure that teenagers adults again in the substantial proportion of knowledge and
skills in order to improve and promote sustainable development of achieving literacy and
numeracy.
 Where should it be done?
In order to envision the educational design infrastructure and learning this all must be
building into the education facilities so that there could be effective learning environment for all.
All the above steps should be taken into developed as well as the developing countries and more
especially into the least developed countries like small Islands of African countries there is a
situation of vulnerable children that has the least access towards the education (Lai and Peng,
2020). The entire above target must be done or fulfilled in the places where there is high
population of the marginalised low tech society and also where there are high disable children.
The places where there is low level of literacy must be provided with huge attention as
mitigating their problem is key priority of this goal of SDG that is to create inclusive, equitable
and quality education.
 When does it need to be done?
Due to the spread of pandemic and major consequences faced by the education department it
is very essential to implement all the solutions as soon as possible in order to reduce the
powerful negative impact over the educational system. As per the report of the sustainable
development goals of UNESCO all the goals and their targets must be done and achieved by year
2030. This means in the next 8 to 10 years the World must deploy with innovative equitable
quality education educational infrastructure and most importantly will have increased proportion
of literacy among children. Also all the targets are aimed towards sustainable development which
means the targets must be achieved with efficiency without compromising the needs of any one
so that future generation can gain access to best education and educational design (García-
González, Jiménez-Fontana and Azcárate, 2020).
 Who should do it?
To achieve such a big target or goal related to quality and equalised education a single
country or government is not enough. Therefore, to attain the targets effectively the whole
countries must come together which includes government civil society, organisation, IT partners,
education partners, UNICEF, UNESCO, NGOs, and the most importantly the willingness of the
citizens itself. The approaches of four facility the inclusive learning opportunities for the children
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and teenagers therefore the most important participation must be women and youth in increasing
and fostering the collaboration to ensure that education never stops (Queiruga-Dios and et. al.,
2020) .
 Why does it need to be done?
Education is base for the development of countries countries and it is the factor that
enables growth in the socio-economic factors and also helped the countries to escape from
the problems like poverty and hunger. Disable children are likely to be not attending schools
or completing the primary education which are making them more vulnerable to their
situation therefore it is very important to empower the person with disabilities through
education they are increasing the access to employment (Cernev and Fenner, 2020).
Inclusive equitable quality education for all the children whether girl or boy disable
marginalized or any other disadvantage groups it is essential in order to increase literacy rate.
Lower education quality, lower literacy rate are leading towards the poor economic growth
reduced social security increased crime for education equality is very important in order to
achieve the fairness justice and impartiality in education with all the people.
 How should it be done?
It is very essential to attain all the targets and goal of the SDG in order to attain them as
desired the UN SDG association must use innovative and creative approaches using technology
and no tech methods.
 Most importantly the education system should include the fun activities, practical
examples and project in the curriculum of the children of primary education in order to
improve their knowledge, skills and literacy for reading and mathematics. For example
they must include fun activities which include shape, calculation in order to increase the
learning of mathematics.
 The way to create the equal education for the disables the technology and their intelligent
tools must be used for them as this is the best way to assist their learning and also by this
the disables can communicate effective;y with each other in class. This will help in
improvising their education (Fatimah and et. al., 2020).
Thus, through design thinking the goals can be effectively attained using different approaches
and technique which will aim at sustainable development of the education design.
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CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the above report that sustainable development is the crucial for the
world to protect its resources and essential values for the future generation to experience and
foster. Therefore in the different social and cultural issues the issue of education design is very
complex and also through this there is emergence of many other problems. Thus, sustainable
goals like educational equality and quality education in the 2030 Agenda of sustainable
development make sure to mitigate all the issue for the well being of the society. The 5W & H
model is highly helpful in addressing the ways to solve and mitigate those issues related to lack
of infrastructure and ineffective quality education. Thus, through creative and design thinking all
the issues can be easily vanished with long term effective solutions.
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References:
Books and Journals
Angeli, C. and Giannakos, M., 2020. Computational thinking education: Issues and
challenges. Computers in Human Behavior, 105, p.106185.
Gessler, M., Bohlinger, S. and Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O., 2021. International Vocational
Education and Training Research: An Introduction to the Special Issue. International
Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training, 8(4), pp.1-15.
Adeoye, I.A., Adanikin, A.F. and Adanikin, A., 2020. COVID-19 and E-learning: Nigeria
tertiary education system experience.
Rivas, D.F and et. al., 2020. Process intensification education contributes to sustainable
development goals. Part 1. Education for Chemical Engineers, 32, pp.1-14.
Castellanos, P.M.A. and Queiruga-Dios, A., 2021. From environmental education to education
for sustainable development in higher education: a systematic review. International
Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education.
Ramirez-Mendoza, R.A and et. al., 2020. Incorporating the sustainable development goals in
engineering education. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing
(IJIDeM), 14(3), pp.739-745.
Sycheva, E., Budagov, A. and Novikov, A., 2020. Urban infrastructure development in a global
knowledge-based economy. In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 74, p. 03013). EDP
Sciences.
Lai, Y.C. and Peng, L.H., 2020. Effective teaching and activities of excellent teachers for the
sustainable development of higher design education. Sustainability, 12(1), p.28.
García-González, E., Jiménez-Fontana, R. and Azcárate, P., 2020. Education for Sustainability
and the Sustainable Development Goals: Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions and
Knowledge. Sustainability, 12(18), p.7741.
Queiruga-Dios, M.Á and et. al., 2020. Citizen science for scientific literacy and the attainment of
sustainable development goals in formal education. Sustainability, 12(10), p.4283.
Cernev, T. and Fenner, R., 2020. The importance of achieving foundational Sustainable
Development Goals in reducing global risk. Futures, 115, p.102492.
Fatimah, Y.A and et. al., 2020. Industry 4.0 based sustainable circular economy approach for
smart waste management system to achieve sustainable development goals: A case
study of Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, p.122263.
Online
Department of economic and social affairs, The 17 Goals,2021, [Online], Available
through:<https://sdgs.un.org/goals>
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