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This article discusses various finance-related questions and problems, including bond pricing, break-even analysis, cost of capital, investment evaluation, and portfolio management. The content is relevant for students pursuing a Masters degree in finance or related fields, and includes subject and course code information.

Running head: FINANCE FOR BUSINESS - MASTERS
Finance for business - Masters
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Authors Note:

FINANCE FOR BUSINESS - MASTERS
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Table of Contents
Question 1:.................................................................................................................................2
Question 2:.................................................................................................................................2
Question 3:.................................................................................................................................3
Question 4:.................................................................................................................................4
Question 5:.................................................................................................................................5
Question 6:.................................................................................................................................6
Question 7:.................................................................................................................................6
Question 8:.................................................................................................................................7
Question 9:.................................................................................................................................8
Question 10:...............................................................................................................................9
Question 11:.............................................................................................................................10
Question 12:.............................................................................................................................10
Question 13:.............................................................................................................................12
Question 14:.............................................................................................................................13
Question 15:.............................................................................................................................13
Question 16:.............................................................................................................................14
Question 17:.............................................................................................................................15
References:...............................................................................................................................17

FINANCE FOR BUSINESS - MASTERS
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Question 1:
Particulars Value
Time 12
FV 1,000
Coupon rate 8%
yield rate 12%
Price of the Bond 752
Question 2:
a)
Particulars Value
Total fixed cost $ 180,000
Contribution margin per unit $ 400
Break even point 450
Cash fixed assets $ 80,000
Contribution margin per unit 400
Cash Breakeven point 200
b)
Particulars Value
Sales $ 2,000
Break even point $ 450
Excess units produced over break-even $ 1,550

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Contribution margin per unit $ 400
Net Profit $ 620,000
c)
Particulars Value
Sales $ 2,000
Cash Breakeven point $ 200
Excess units produced over break-even $ 1,800
Contribution margin per unit $ 400
Net Profit $ 720,000
Question 3:
Particulars Value
Investment 1 1,000,000
Investment 2 1,500,000
Investment 3 2,000,000
Total new investment 4,500,000
Particulars Value
Retained earnings 1,700,000
Equity needed @30% 1,350,000
Dividend 350,000

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Dividend pay-out
ratio
20.59%
Question 4:
a)
Particulars Value
Beta 0.80
Market risk
premium
12%
Risk free rate 3%
Dividend growth 5%
Dividend $ 1.50
Current selling price $ 20.72
Particulars Value
Risk free rate 3.00%
Market risk premium 12.00%
Beta 0.8
Cost of equity using SML Method 10.20%
Particulars Value
Dividend growth 5.00%
Dividend $ 1.50
Current selling price $ 20.72

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Cost of equity using DGM 12.60%
b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
SML Line
c) Beta coefficient measure risk of investment, which an investor needs to bear, while
conducing investments in the particular stock or investment.
Question 5:
Particulars Value
Investment 1 1,000,000
Investment 2 1,500,000
Total new investment 2,500,000
Particulars Value
Retained earnings 1,700,000

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Equity needed @40% 1,000,000
Dividend 700,000
Dividend pay-out ratio 41.18%
Question 6:
a)
Year Cash Inflows Net Income
0 $ (80,000) $ (80,000)
1 $ 25,000 $ 3,000 $ (55,000)
2 $ 25,000 $ 2,500 $ (30,000)
3 $ 25,000 $ 2,250 $ (5,000)
4 $ 25,000 $ 2,600 $ 20,000
5 $ 25,000 $ 3,200 $ 45,000
NPV $19,817.75
Payback period 3.
2
years
Profitability index 1.2
5
AAR 0.2
0
b) Under the recoup measure the company should accept the project, as the NPV is positive,
while the profitability index is higher than 1 and payback period is greater than the recoup
measurement of 4 years.

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Question 7:
Increase dividends one year 15%
Increase dividends two year 13%
Increase dividends three year 8%
Increase dividends four year 5%
Last dividend $ 0.50
Required rate of return 15%
Particulars Value Discounting rate Discounted cashflow
Stock Price in one year $ 0.58 0.87 $ 0.50
Stock Price in two years $ 0.65 0.76 $ 0.49
Stock Price in three years $ 0.70 0.66 $ 5.31
Stock Price in four years $ 0.74
P2 $ 7.37
Present value of the shares $ 6.30
Question 8:
a)
Particulars Value
Risk free rate 4.00%
Market risk premium 12.00%
Beta 1.5
Cost of equity using SML Method 16.00%
Particulars Value

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Dividend growth 5.00%
Dividend $ 1.20
Current selling price $ 13.26
Cost of equity using DGM 14.50%
b)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
SML Line
c) Beta coefficient issued by investors in detecting the risk components of an investment
opportunity, which might help in improving effectiveness of the investment scope.
Question 9:
a and b)
Book Value After tax cost of capital
Long term debt $ 20,000,000 7.80%
Ordinary equity $ 15,000,000 9.40%
Preference Capital $ 5,000,000 8.10%

FINANCE FOR BUSINESS - MASTERS
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$ 40,000,000
Tax rate 30%
WACC using imputation tax system 8.44%
WACC using classical tax system 10.38%
c) Cost of capital is mainly considered as an adequate measure to understand the financial
performance of an investment, which could generate higher rate of return from investment.
With the help of cost of capital companies are able to compare the investment options and
detect, which could generate the highest rate of return.
d) Cost of capital need to be higher than long or short term debt, as investor tend to have
higher risk of investment than other lenders. Cost of capital is the overall return, which will
be provided to equity holders for their investment in a particular stock. This cost of capital is
derived by evaluating beta of the stock, which is estimated in accordance with the financial
performance of the company.
Question 10:
a)
Particulars Value
Total
Liabilities
$ 1,950,000
Total Assets $ 6,950,000
Debt ratio 28.06%

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b)
Particulars Value
New debt $ 1,000,000
Total
Liabilities
$ 2,950,000
Total Assets $ 7,950,000
Debt ratio 37.11%
Question 11:
Particular
s
Probability KFC
Company
Mc Donald Company Pizza Hut Company
Boom 0.15 21.00% 10.00% 15.00%
Normal 0.75 12.00% 7.00% 10.00%
Recession 0.1 3.00% 8.00% 5.00%
Investment 12000 8000 5000
Weight 48% 32% 20%
a) Expected return 0.1245 0.0755 0.1025
Variance 0.0020 0.0001 0.0006
Standard deviation 0.0448 0.0107 0.0249
b) Portfolio return 10.44%
Portfolio variance 0.11%
Portfolio standard deviation 3.35%

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c) From the evaluation it has been observed that investments in long term opportunity can
only provide a fixed return. On the other hand, the equity returns in the long run always
provide highest return, while maximizing the overall profits from operations. However, using
portfolio mainly allows the investors to investment in both debt and equity to minimise the
risk and maximise the level of returns, which could be generated from investment
Question 12:
a)
Particulars Value
Time 10
FV 20,000,000
Coupon rate 6%
yield rate 8%
Market Value of Debenture 17,940,776
Particulars Value
Preference share market price 4.00
Preference share 500,000
Market Value of Preference
share
2,000,000
Ordinary share market price 3.90
Ordinary share 10,000,000
Market Value of Ordinary share 39,000,000

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b)
Particulars Book Value Book Value
Weights
Market Value Market Value
Weights
Preference shares 5,000,000 12.50% 2,000,000 3.39%
Ordinary shares 15,000,000 37.50% 39,000,000 66.17%
Debentures 20,000,000 50.00% 17,940,776 30.44%
Total 40,000,000 58,940,776
c)
Particulars Book Value Market Value
Preference shares 5,000,000 2,000,000
Ordinary shares 15,000,000 39,000,000
Debentures 20,000,000 17,940,776
Total 40,000,000 58,940,776
Debt to Equity 100.00% 43.76%
Question 13:
a)
Year Cash Inflows Net Income
0 $ (100,000) $ (100,000)
1 $ 25,000 $ 3,000 $ (75,000)
2 $ 25,000 $ 2,500 $ (50,000)
3 $ 25,000 $ 2,250 $ (25,000)

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4 $ 25,000 $ 2,600 $ -
5 $ 25,000 $ 3,200 $ 25,000
NPV ($182.25)
Payback period 4.0 years
Profitability index 1.00
AAR 0.20
b) Heinz Company should reject the proposed investment, as it has a negative NPV value,
while the payback period is higher than 3.2 years, which does not fall under the recoup
investment scheme of the organisation.
Question 14:
Increase dividends one year 15%
Increase dividends two year 13%
Increase dividends three
year
8%
Increase dividends four year 5%
Last dividend $ 0.50
Required rate of return 12%
Particulars Value Discounting rate Discounted cashflow
Stock Price in one year $ 0.58 0.89 $ 0.51
Stock Price in two years $ 0.65 0.80 $ 0.52
Stock Price in three years $ 0.70 0.71 $ 7.99

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Stock Price in four years $ 0.74
P2 $ 10.53
Present value of the shares $ 9.02
Question 15:
a and b)
Particulars Book Value
Long term debt $ 20,000,000
Ordinary equity $ 15,000,000
Preference Capital $ 5,000,000
Total Capital $ 40,000,000
Tax rate 30%
WACC using imputation tax
system
5.91%
WACC using classical tax system 7.27%
c) Cost of capital is an estimate used by investors to underline the minimum returns, which
could be provided from an investment in equity. In addition, companies use the cost of capital
as the benchmark, where the investment needs to have higher value from cost of capital.
d) Long term debt is a fixed retune, which could be provided to lender, while cost of capital is
provided to equity holders, as it has the highest risk from investment. The risk factor involved
in the return of cost of equity is the main reason behind it having high value in comparison to
debt finance rate.

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Question 16:
Particulars Probability Visa Company Mastercard Company Amex Company
Boom 0.15 21.00% 10.00% 15.00%
Normal 0.75 12.00% 7.00% 10.00%
Recession 0.1 3.00% 8.00% 5.00%
Investment 12000 8000 5000
Weight 48% 32% 20%
a) Expected return 0.1245 0.0755 0.1025
Variance 0.0020 0.0001 0.0006
Standard deviation 0.0448 0.0107 0.0249
b) Portfolio return 10.44%
Portfolio variance 0.11%
Portfolio standard deviation 3.35%
c) Fundamental motivation behind the portfolio theory is that the investor can generate high
returns in the long run, which could eventually help in improving the level of returns from
investment. However, fundamental motivation only implies to long term investment, while on
short term investments the return can be negative or low. Hence, fundamental view of
investment is accurate. The investors now days use portfolio, which has multiple investments
such as equity, debt etc., which is used in maximising the level of retunes, while reducing the
risk involved in investments1.
1 Chandra, Prasanna. Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill
Education, 2017.

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Question 17:
a)
Project Initial Investment IRR Present value of
inflows at 15%
Net Present Value
F $ 2,500,000 23% $ 3,000,000 $ 500,000
E $ 800,000 22% $ 900,000 $ 100,000
G $ 1,200,000 20% $ 1,300,000 $ 100,000
Total $ 4,500,000 $ 5,200,000 $ 700,000
b)
Project Initial
Investment
IRR Present value of inflows
at 15%
Net Present Value
F $ 2,500,000 23% $ 3,000,000 $ 500,000
B $ 800,000 18% $ 1,100,000 $ 300,000
G $ 1,200,000 20% $ 1,300,000 $ 100,000
Total $ 4,500,000 $ 5,400,000 $ 900,000
c) After evaluating the cash flows, IRR approach and NPV approach the best investment
options that could be presented to the company are project F, B and G. the NPV approach is
considered an adequate measures in improving return from investment, which could be seen
from the above calculations2.
2 Baum, Andrew E., and Neil Crosby. Property investment appraisal. John Wiley & Sons,
2014.

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References:
Baum, Andrew E., and Neil Crosby. Property investment appraisal. John Wiley & Sons,
2014.
Chandra, Prasanna. Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill Education,
2017.