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Task 1
Financial Data: Fjord Line Group
'1000 NOK
Income
statement 2016 2015
Revenue 1,150,815.00 898,966.00
Cost of revenues 178,365.00 63,896.00
Operating profit 36,254.00 (113,124.00)
Net profit (16,407.00) (232,729.00)
Interest 74,770.00 93,800.00
Balance sheet 2016 2015
Inventory 27,659.00 7,929.00
Trade and other
receivables 34,128.00 33,859.00
Current assets 202,737.00 214,767.00
Current liabilities 361,014.00 327,772.00
Equity 849,727.00 826,084.00
Total liabilities 2,309,717.00 2,599,535.00
Description Formula
2016 2015
Profitability
Net margin
Net
profit/revenues -1.43% -25.89%
Return on equity Net profit/equity -4.54% -71.00%
Liquidity
Current ratio
Currrent
assets/current
liabilities 0.17 0.16
Financial Data: Fjord Line Group
'1000 NOK
Income
statement 2016 2015
Revenue 1,150,815.00 898,966.00
Cost of revenues 178,365.00 63,896.00
Operating profit 36,254.00 (113,124.00)
Net profit (16,407.00) (232,729.00)
Interest 74,770.00 93,800.00
Balance sheet 2016 2015
Inventory 27,659.00 7,929.00
Trade and other
receivables 34,128.00 33,859.00
Current assets 202,737.00 214,767.00
Current liabilities 361,014.00 327,772.00
Equity 849,727.00 826,084.00
Total liabilities 2,309,717.00 2,599,535.00
Description Formula
2016 2015
Profitability
Net margin
Net
profit/revenues -1.43% -25.89%
Return on equity Net profit/equity -4.54% -71.00%
Liquidity
Current ratio
Currrent
assets/current
liabilities 0.17 0.16
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Quick Ratio
Current assets-
Inventory/curren
t liabilities 0.48 0.63
Efficiency
Inventory
holding days
Inventory/Cost
of revenues*365 57 45
Accounts
receivables days
Receivables/
credit
revenues*365 9 3
Solvency
Debt Equity
Ratio Debt/ Equity 2.35 2.52
Interest Times
Operating profit/
Interest 0.48 (1.21)
It has been observed that the profitability position of Fjodlines has improved in the current as
compared to the previous year. The company incurred losses in the current year amounting to NOK
16,407 which were lower than the losses incurred in the previous year of NOK 232,729. The net
profit margin improve from -25.89% in 2015 to -1.43% in the year 2016. Further, the return on
equity also improved from -71% to -4.54% in the year 2016 as compared to previous year. The main
reason for improvement in the profitability of the company seems to be the increased demand. The
revenues of the company enhanced significantly in the current year.
Task 2
Part 1
All-inclusive Officer Package
Selling
Price
(NOK)
Variable
Price (NOK)
Contributio
n (NOK)
Number
of units
Total
Contribution
(NOK)
Fixed cost
(NOK)
Profit
(NOK)
1950 700 1250 3700 4625000 2000000 2625000
2000 700 1300 3750 4875000 2000000 2875000
2050 700 1350 3800 5130000 2000000 3130000
2100 700 1400 3850 5390000 2000000 3390000
Current assets-
Inventory/curren
t liabilities 0.48 0.63
Efficiency
Inventory
holding days
Inventory/Cost
of revenues*365 57 45
Accounts
receivables days
Receivables/
credit
revenues*365 9 3
Solvency
Debt Equity
Ratio Debt/ Equity 2.35 2.52
Interest Times
Operating profit/
Interest 0.48 (1.21)
It has been observed that the profitability position of Fjodlines has improved in the current as
compared to the previous year. The company incurred losses in the current year amounting to NOK
16,407 which were lower than the losses incurred in the previous year of NOK 232,729. The net
profit margin improve from -25.89% in 2015 to -1.43% in the year 2016. Further, the return on
equity also improved from -71% to -4.54% in the year 2016 as compared to previous year. The main
reason for improvement in the profitability of the company seems to be the increased demand. The
revenues of the company enhanced significantly in the current year.
Task 2
Part 1
All-inclusive Officer Package
Selling
Price
(NOK)
Variable
Price (NOK)
Contributio
n (NOK)
Number
of units
Total
Contribution
(NOK)
Fixed cost
(NOK)
Profit
(NOK)
1950 700 1250 3700 4625000 2000000 2625000
2000 700 1300 3750 4875000 2000000 2875000
2050 700 1350 3800 5130000 2000000 3130000
2100 700 1400 3850 5390000 2000000 3390000
2150 700 1450 3900 5655000 2000000 3655000
2200 700 1500 3950 5925000 2000000 3925000
The optimal price for the all-inclusive package must be NOK 2200 and the number of units to be
sold must be 3950 as at this point the profit will be maximised.
All-inclusive Captain Package
Selling
Price
Variable
Price
Contributio
n
Number of
units
Total
Contribution Fixed cost Profit/Loss
3200 900 2300 1500 3450000 25000000 -21550000
3300 900 2400 1550 3720000 25000000 -21280000
3400 900 2500 1600 4000000 25000000 -21000000
3500 900 2600 1650 4290000 25000000 -20710000
3600 900 2700 1700 4590000 25000000 -20410000
3700 900 2800 1750 4900000 25000000 -20100000
The optimal selling price is NOK 3700 which is the lowest selling price from the entire range of selling
prices. The optimal units to be sold are 2800 as at this price the firm will incur the minimum loss.
With the decrease in selling price, though the numbers of units are also falling but, it will increase
the loss.
Part 2
All-inclusive
Officer
package
All-inclusive
Captain
package
Units 3950 1750
price per unit 2200 3700
total sales 8690000 6475000
Less: variable
cost 2765000 1575000
Contribution 5925000 4900000
Less: fixed cost 2000000 25000000
Profit 3925000 -20100000
Part 3
Contribution Margin= Sales – Variable cost
All-inclusive Officer Package
Contribution = 2200-700
2200 700 1500 3950 5925000 2000000 3925000
The optimal price for the all-inclusive package must be NOK 2200 and the number of units to be
sold must be 3950 as at this point the profit will be maximised.
All-inclusive Captain Package
Selling
Price
Variable
Price
Contributio
n
Number of
units
Total
Contribution Fixed cost Profit/Loss
3200 900 2300 1500 3450000 25000000 -21550000
3300 900 2400 1550 3720000 25000000 -21280000
3400 900 2500 1600 4000000 25000000 -21000000
3500 900 2600 1650 4290000 25000000 -20710000
3600 900 2700 1700 4590000 25000000 -20410000
3700 900 2800 1750 4900000 25000000 -20100000
The optimal selling price is NOK 3700 which is the lowest selling price from the entire range of selling
prices. The optimal units to be sold are 2800 as at this price the firm will incur the minimum loss.
With the decrease in selling price, though the numbers of units are also falling but, it will increase
the loss.
Part 2
All-inclusive
Officer
package
All-inclusive
Captain
package
Units 3950 1750
price per unit 2200 3700
total sales 8690000 6475000
Less: variable
cost 2765000 1575000
Contribution 5925000 4900000
Less: fixed cost 2000000 25000000
Profit 3925000 -20100000
Part 3
Contribution Margin= Sales – Variable cost
All-inclusive Officer Package
Contribution = 2200-700
= 1500
No. of units = 3950
Total contribution = 1500*3952
NOK 5925000
All-inclusive Captain Package
Contribution = 3700-900
= 2800
No. of units = 1750
Total contribution = 2800*1750
NOK 490000
Part 4
Number of Cabins per departure 60
Number of departures per day 1
No. of days in a week 7
No. of weeks a year 52
Total number of luxury cabins
packages that can be sold per year 21840
Part 5
No it will not be realistic to sell the captain packages as it is going to incur losses.
Part 6: % of price elasticity
Change in price = 3300-3200
Change in demands= 1550-1500
Percentage of change in selling unit with change in price = 2%
It means that with every increase of NOK 100 price , 50 more units will be sold
No. of units = 3950
Total contribution = 1500*3952
NOK 5925000
All-inclusive Captain Package
Contribution = 3700-900
= 2800
No. of units = 1750
Total contribution = 2800*1750
NOK 490000
Part 4
Number of Cabins per departure 60
Number of departures per day 1
No. of days in a week 7
No. of weeks a year 52
Total number of luxury cabins
packages that can be sold per year 21840
Part 5
No it will not be realistic to sell the captain packages as it is going to incur losses.
Part 6: % of price elasticity
Change in price = 3300-3200
Change in demands= 1550-1500
Percentage of change in selling unit with change in price = 2%
It means that with every increase of NOK 100 price , 50 more units will be sold
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Task 3
Revenue (All Inclusive) 14340
Additional Sales (Foods and Drinks) 717
Sales (Duty Free Goods) 2151
Total Sales 17208
Add Other Income (Interest) 1000
Total Income 34416
Expenses
Less Variable cost (all inclusive packages) 6022.8
Production Cost
114015
4
Depreciation 10000
Interest Expense 4000
Marketing Cost 1000
Fixed Cost 5500
Other Costs 500
Total Expenses
116717
7
116717
7
Loss
-
113276
1
Capacity Ratio = Budget labours = 94%
Actual labour
Assume actual labour hours = 5400
Budgeted hours = 5100
This ratio calculates the quantum of budgeted hours as a percentage of actual hours.
Revenue (All Inclusive) 14340
Additional Sales (Foods and Drinks) 717
Sales (Duty Free Goods) 2151
Total Sales 17208
Add Other Income (Interest) 1000
Total Income 34416
Expenses
Less Variable cost (all inclusive packages) 6022.8
Production Cost
114015
4
Depreciation 10000
Interest Expense 4000
Marketing Cost 1000
Fixed Cost 5500
Other Costs 500
Total Expenses
116717
7
116717
7
Loss
-
113276
1
Capacity Ratio = Budget labours = 94%
Actual labour
Assume actual labour hours = 5400
Budgeted hours = 5100
This ratio calculates the quantum of budgeted hours as a percentage of actual hours.
Task 4
Part 1
Oligopoly:
It is that form of market structure under which is only limited number of sellers or suppliers in the
market and hence they have the privilege to dominate the market by controlling the prices of the
products dealt by them. The sellers of oligopoly market are termed as oligopolists. Due to limited
number of sellers, each seller has the knowledge of actions of other seller in the market.
Example of oligopoly market:
The brewing industry is the classic example of oligopoly. In this industry four largest brewers of the
world viz. Anheuser-Busch InBev from Belgium, SABMiller from London, Heineken from Dutch and
Carlsberg from Denmark rules over half of the beer market globally.
Part 2
The price excluding VAT = 75 NOK
VAT is 25%
NOK 75 is 75% of total price
Therefore, The price including VAT = 100 NOK (75/75%)
Part 3
Demand and supply are the most common terms of economic studies. In relation to a particular
product or service, demand is the quantum of that particular product or service, wanted or needed
by its buyers (consumers).However, supply is the quantum of that product that is available in the
market. There is generally an inverse relationship between the demand and supply of a product or
service. When the demand of any goods or service increase in the market its supply decreases as the
number of buyers or consumers exceeds the number of supplier or providers of that product or
service, in the market.
Part 4
Balance sheet of a firm is the key financial statement that contains the information of assets,
liabilities and the capital held by a business in a particular financial year. Primarily, there are two
heads in balance sheet. They are asset head and equity & liabilities head. These heads contains the
various subheads that constitute the important components of business of the firm. It balance sheet
contains the final balances of all the key components for the financial year covered by it.
Part 1
Oligopoly:
It is that form of market structure under which is only limited number of sellers or suppliers in the
market and hence they have the privilege to dominate the market by controlling the prices of the
products dealt by them. The sellers of oligopoly market are termed as oligopolists. Due to limited
number of sellers, each seller has the knowledge of actions of other seller in the market.
Example of oligopoly market:
The brewing industry is the classic example of oligopoly. In this industry four largest brewers of the
world viz. Anheuser-Busch InBev from Belgium, SABMiller from London, Heineken from Dutch and
Carlsberg from Denmark rules over half of the beer market globally.
Part 2
The price excluding VAT = 75 NOK
VAT is 25%
NOK 75 is 75% of total price
Therefore, The price including VAT = 100 NOK (75/75%)
Part 3
Demand and supply are the most common terms of economic studies. In relation to a particular
product or service, demand is the quantum of that particular product or service, wanted or needed
by its buyers (consumers).However, supply is the quantum of that product that is available in the
market. There is generally an inverse relationship between the demand and supply of a product or
service. When the demand of any goods or service increase in the market its supply decreases as the
number of buyers or consumers exceeds the number of supplier or providers of that product or
service, in the market.
Part 4
Balance sheet of a firm is the key financial statement that contains the information of assets,
liabilities and the capital held by a business in a particular financial year. Primarily, there are two
heads in balance sheet. They are asset head and equity & liabilities head. These heads contains the
various subheads that constitute the important components of business of the firm. It balance sheet
contains the final balances of all the key components for the financial year covered by it.
Generally balance sheet is prepared for every financial year. Therefore it can be that it is prepared
annually.
Task 5
Contribution Margin=
Sales -Vairable
Cost
Contribution Margin= 34
Cost of goods sold 45
Packaging 32
Trasport cost 23
Contribution Margin 34
Selling price per unit 134
No. of products 10
Selling Price per unit 134
Sales 1340
Less : Variable cost
Cost of goods sold 450
Packaging 320
Transport cost 230
Contribution Margin 340
Contribution Margin=
Sales -Variable
Cost
1340-1000
340
annually.
Task 5
Contribution Margin=
Sales -Vairable
Cost
Contribution Margin= 34
Cost of goods sold 45
Packaging 32
Trasport cost 23
Contribution Margin 34
Selling price per unit 134
No. of products 10
Selling Price per unit 134
Sales 1340
Less : Variable cost
Cost of goods sold 450
Packaging 320
Transport cost 230
Contribution Margin 340
Contribution Margin=
Sales -Variable
Cost
1340-1000
340
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