Determinants of Health and Illness

This essay discusses the determinants of health and illness, including social, economic, and environmental factors. It explores the impact of biological, social, and lifestyle factors on individual health. The essay also highlights the importance of safe water, clean air, and healthy workplaces in promoting good health. Additionally, it addresses the issue of overcrowding and infestation and their effects on health. Overall, the essay provides a comprehensive overview of the determinants of health and illness.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY....................................................................................................................................1
Background.................................................................................................................................1
Main Section...............................................................................................................................2
The Physical Surroundings Factor.............................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................6

Determinant of Health and Illness
INTRODUCTION
Health is the biggest virtue of a human being. Having a good health and well being
will help a person to improve its performance and have a personal and professional
growth. This will help in carrying out of the services which will lead to suitable rise in
setting up of operations related to treatment of illness. There are various determinants
of health and illness, which are required to be well monitored. The essay covers the
details about determinants of health care because maintaining a good health has
became a challenge for the people in present scenario (Greenwood, Leeuw, and
Lindsay.2018). The essay will also cover a lifestyle determinant and detailed information
about it with summery about the measures taken by UK government on maintaining of
the health and prevention of illness.
MAIN BODY
Background
The determinants of health and illness can be determined by the factors that impact the
health and well being of an individual. It is based on many attributes including the social,
economic, physical, behavioral and personal characteristics which will help in carrying
out of suitable heath care measures. Besides this, it will also include the factors that can
cause an illness within person (Cassel, 2017).
The types of the various determinants of health care functions such as:
Biological: It includes the biological factors like gender, body type, age, height and
weight, genetics etc. Some determinants can be controlled while few attributes like
genetics can be managed properly. This is one of the major determinants of health and
illness and required to be effectively monitored.
Social: The social factors like friends and family, job, financial status, and other
psychological factors are also a major determinant of health and illness which will help
in determining the healthy living and well being of a person (Compton and Shim, 2015).
Besides this, it will also help him to see through effective treatment of an illness.

Lifestyle and personal habits or behavior can also be an important factor which can also
include the factors like education and sanitation. Maintaining of this factor will help in
proper planning of the health care facilities (Zar and et.al., 2015).
Environmental: The environmental factors like pollution, global warming, lack of
purity and cutting down of forests has been a major determinant of health. The climate-
based diseases and other illnesses have affected the health condition in UK to a greater
extent.
The health inequality can be termed as a major difference between the distribution of
health resources and health status which will help in carrying out of services which will
lead to carrying out of services (Baum, 2016). Also, it includes the unfair and improper
mixing of government health policies. Health equity on the other hand, is the proper
planning of the services and health care measures which will be allocated to all the
people in need of medical attention or health care-based services, without any
discrimination or biasness. The effective planning of the maintaining of health equality
measures with determinants will help in developing a proper well being policy or
treatment measures.
Main Section
There are many elements that combine collectively to affect the well-being of individuals
and groups. whether individuals are healthy or no longer healthy, it is decided by means
of their conditions and environment (Keleher, and MacDougall.2015). Further, elements
consisting of where we live, the condition of our surroundings, genetics, our earnings
and training degree, and our kinship with friends and own family all have sizable
impacts on health, whereas other considerable elements together with get approach to
and utilization of health services regularly have less of an effect. However, there are
three major determinants of health which consist of:
The Social and Financial Environment: These factors in the social
surroundings are essential for health as it includes factors which are relevant associated
with protection, hostility, and social sickness in standard, and greater unique factors
related to the sort, first-class, and stability of social relation, such as social engagement,

social cohesiveness, social capital, and the clustered efficacious of the neighborhood
surroundings.
However, Social factors are the factors that have an effect on the manner people
stay and act. Thus, it ranges from having slight to intense influences on existence. For
Example, social economic status that means how much is the earnings of the person,
the religion or group individual born into, wide variety of kids and political association
(Anderson, and et.al.,2017). For instance, individual family income degree can have an
effect on whether or not they get to obtain an education and which kind of school they
attended. Thus, with a view to that have an effect on the sort of qualifications people
acquire and the jobs they obtain.
The Physical Surroundings: Physical environment factor is concerned with
public fitness that includes all components of the natural and improved surroundings
that affects human health. However, Environmental health factors focuses on the
healthy and built environments for the advantage of human fitness.
Lifestyle factor: Lifestyle factor affects the health of the people which is
encouraged by using more than a few of components which include age of different
human beings, relative’s history of illness, employment, training and dwelling conditions.
However, different types of life-style factors or various health habits will have a primary
effect on a person’s fitness. Moreover, various social issues that impact on fitness of
the people encompass smoking, alcohol, poor weight loss program main to fatness or
deficiency disease, lack of exercise, inter-sexual behavior and troubles as a result of
drug absorption. However, there are different types of lifestyle factors that affects the health of
the people like diet and nutrition, tobacco use and smoking , alcohol etc.
Diet and nutrition: A proper diet helps to lessen the hazard of chronic illnesses,
improve the fitness, and help to reach a health weight.Moreover, consuming healthy food
includes making selections of food about food choices and balancing the diet.
Tobacco and smoking: Consuming tobacco and doing smoke is very risky for health of
the individual person like it mat lead to strokes, blood thickening etc.However, one should stop
smoking only after asking their doctors and taking advice from counselors because sudden
stopping of smoking may create a major impact on the lives of the people.

Alcohol: Too much of alcohol consumption affects the health of human beings or too
much drinking of alcohol may also leads to the death of the person.Therefore, According to
doctors if the people are addicted for drinking then they should take proper counseling and
meditation for reducing the habit of drinking.
The Physical Surroundings Factor
Safe Water and Clean Air: safe water and clean air is crucial for the health of
individual and the community as whole. However, Water testing is important to forbid the
outspread of water-borne disease and protecting humans from chemical or different
impreciseness. Further, secure water components, healthful sanitation and excellent
water control are essential to worldwide health of individuals and the society (5
Reasons Why Everyone Needs Clean Drinking Water 2017). However, nearly one tenth
of the worldwide illness burden can be avoided with the aid of growing access to quality
water, developing sanitation and improving water control and providing clean
atmosphere to reduce risks of infectious illnesses, and accidental drowning at some
stage in undertaking. However, the safe water and clean air may impacts the life of
different classes of people like if the high-society people do not have an access to
quality water then it is easy foe them to obtain good quality water by paying money,
whereas, on the other hand, if the low-class people do have access to high quality water
then is difficult for them to acquire quality water (Health Determinants 2017). Therefore,
every group of society require clean air and safe water that have a positive impact on
their health.
Healthy Workplaces: A healthy workplace is one in which employees and
bosses
get together to use a persistent development manner to protect and enhance the
healthy environment, protection and well-being of all people and the sustainability of the
workplace with the aid of considering the following primarily based on need like fitness
and protection worries inside the physical work surroundings, fitness, protection and
health concerns in the psycho-social surroundings, and suitable resources in the
workplace etc (McNeill and et.al., 2017). However, safe and health workplaces include
advanced machinery, proper structure which affects the health of individual and the

organization as whole. Further, the safe workplace positively influences the efforts of
employees as they get motivated to accomplish the objectives of the company as well
as work according to the ecological environment.
Safe Houses: According to Dr Tedros, the safety of housing has principal
implications for human being’s health. However, raising housing standards is therefore a
key factor for imparting healthy housing situations and improving health and properly-
being for individual and the various groups of society.
However, housing situations of society can affect the health of individual and
various communities. As an example, a warm and dry house can improve preferred
fitness consequences and specially lessen breathing situations (Friend and Kohn.2018).
Further, housing additionally has a large affect on our intellectual fitness and well being
like youngsters residing in crowded houses are more likely be pressured, hectic and
depressed, have poorer health, and achieve much less nicely at studies.
Thus, according to Jake Eliot, a secure, settled home is the essential element on
which individuals and households construct a better best of life, get right of approach to
offerings they want and advantage greater independence.
However, the safe and secure houses positively affect the life of individual and
society as whole as the people feel more comfortable and remain connected with
community they reside in and their work.
Overcrowding : In today's era, every country , every state and every Small city
is overcrowded with people which affect the life of human beings.Moreover every city is
overcrowded that means in a Small area large quantity of people are living together
which spreads the diseases and infections that eventually affect the life of individual
people. However, their are various factors of overpopulation like reduced mortality rate
which means their is an increase in the birth rate of children day by day and
further,more advanced and better medical facilities are available today which is saving
the life’s of people,and due to more and more increment in the birth rate the essential
resources are depleting day by day which is ultimately affecting the health of people as
they do not get the necessary resources to survive.

Infestation: There are huge number of animals like rats, mice and other animals
that spreads the infection among the human beings. However, there are various factors
like improper structure of houses, wall cracks, mud roofing material houses etc. and this
factors will affect the health of the people by spreading infections. Therefore, people
should build proper structure that will prevent such animals to enter the houses.
Communities And Roads All Contribute To Good Health: Proper
infrastructure of roads results in a proper social and financial impacts to the people
living in rural areas like quality of transport will be stepped forward with extra
alternatives modes of transports that will positively affects the health of individual people
and the various groups of people in rural areas as they can travel long distance through
vehicles instead of going by walk, and proper infrastructure of roads can help people for
the possession of car extended in addition to bicycle acquisition etc. (Shea and et. al.,
2016).
On the other hand, communities which have belong to proper surroundings and
educated background help the country to improves its health conditions as the educated
people can earn income and through, they will improve their lifestyle that ultimately
effects the health of people and the society as whole.
CONCLUSION
The report briefly summarizes about the health determinants that affects the
health and safety of the individuals and the society as whole, namely: social and
financial environment, physical environment and the behavior of man and women.
Further, the project has outlined about the factors of physical environment that directly
impacts the health of the individual and the community like quality water and clean air,
safe houses, proper infrastructure of roads and communities, safety workplaces inside
and outside the company that positively affects the health of employees and the
organization as whole etc.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Greenwood, M., De Leeuw, S. and Lindsay, N.M. eds., 2018. Determinants of Indigenous
Peoples' Health: Beyond the Social. Canadian Scholars.
Keleher, H. and MacDougall, C., 2015. Understanding health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University
Press.
Anderson, I. and et.al.,2017. Health determinants and educational outcomes for indigenous
children. In Indigenous Children Growing Up Strong (pp. 259-285). Palgrave Macmillan,
London.
Henderson, K.E. And et.al., 2015. Environmental factors associated with physical activity in
childcare centers. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity.12(1).
p.43.
McNeill, D. and et.al., 2017. Political origins of health inequities: trade and investment
agreements. The Lancet.389(10070). pp.760-762.
Friend, M.A. and Kohn, J.P., 2018. Fundamentals of occupational safety and health. Rowman &
Littlefield.
Shea, T. and et.aol., 2016. Leading indicators of occupational health and safety: An employee
and workplace level validation study. Safety science.85.pp.293-304.
Kim, Y., Park, J. and Park, M., 2016. Creating a culture of prevention in occupational safety and
health practice. Safety and health at work.7(2).pp.89-96.
Holt, A.S.J. and Allen, J., 2015. Principles of health and safety at work. Routledge.
Online
Health Determinants 2017.[Online]. Available
through:<https://www.med.uottawa.ca/sim/data/Pub_Determinants_e.htm>
5 Reasons Why Everyone Needs Clean Drinking Water 2017.[Online].Available
through:<http://www.aidforum.org/topics/health-and-wash/5-reasons-why-everyone-needs-
clean-drinking-water/>