Determinants of Share Price Valuation of Malaysian Banks: A Literature Review

This literature review focuses on identifying the determinants affecting share price valuation of Malaysian banks. The study utilizes different ratios such as dividend pay-out ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, dividend yield, and size of the organization for understanding its share price action. The research objective is to determine the relationship between different ratios and the size of the banks to their share prices over the past 10 years. The research hypothesis consists of different measures, which could help in understanding the level of determinants having an impact on the share price of Malaysian banks. The research gap might not help in detecting the level of input, which could identify in understanding the determinants affecting share price of the banks in Malaysia.

Running head: FINANCE
Finance
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Authors Note:

FINANCE
1
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................2
1.1 Background of the Study:.................................................................................................3
1.2 Research Objective:.........................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Aim:..................................................................................................................5
1.4 Research Hypothesis:.......................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Gap:..................................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction:.....................................................................................................................7
2.2 Research Evidence on dependents to share price movement:..........................................7
2.3 Dividend Pay-out Ratio:...................................................................................................9
2.4 Dividend Yield:..............................................................................................................10
2.5 Earnings Per Share:........................................................................................................11
2.6 Price Earnings Ratio:......................................................................................................12
2.7 Size:................................................................................................................................13
2.8 Financial progress:.........................................................................................................14
2.9 Inflation and Interest rate:..............................................................................................17
2.10 Conceptual Framework:...............................................................................................18
2.11 Conclusion:..................................................................................................................18
Reference and Bibliography:....................................................................................................20

FINANCE
2
Chapter 1: Introduction
The share price valuation is determined by the decisions made by the organisation for
their progress to achieve sustainable growth. In addition, the changes in share price is also
seen due the demand and supply of the shares for a particular company. Furthermore,
investors rely on different level of actions such as dividend declaration and financial progress
for anticipating the share price of the company during the fiscal year. In this context, Adam
(2014) stated that share price valuation includes different types of determinants, which is
anticipated by the investors, as value for the organisation. The current financial market is in
turmoil, which could be detected from the financial crises of 2008, which increased the
number of defaulters in the financial sector. The researcher also aims in detecting the level of
determinants, which could be used by investors in understanding the level of share price
changes for particular banks in Malaysia.
The study relevantly utilises different level of determinants such as dividend pay-out
ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, dividend yield and size of the organisation for
understanding its share price action. The financial ratios are also used in understanding the
current financial position of the organisation, which determines the level of returns from
investment. There are two different methods that is used by investors in determining and
anticipating share value of organisation. Both technical and fundamental analysis is used in
making adequate investment decisions. The fundamental analysis comprises of different
ratios and methods, which is used by investments in understanding the financial value of the
company. Moreover, the ratios help in depicting the financial progress and future profits,
which could be generated form investments (Ahmad & Ramzan, 2016).
The research mainly provides information regarding different level of rations, which
could help in understanding the level of determinants that have impact on share price of the
Malaysian Banks. In addition, research objectives, hypothesis, aims and gaps is relevantly

FINANCE
3
depicts in the study, which could help in addressing the question regarding the determinants
of Malaysians Banks. In addition, the research aim focuses on addressing the issues, which
the researcher has identified, while preparing the research paper.
1.1 Background of the Study:
Investors have always been using different methods in identifying the value of a
particular investment, while detecting the determinant affecting its valuation. This has
allowed many investors to earn huge amount of returns from their investment, which could
improve their financial viability. Some of the famous analyst, which have made huge money
by detecting the determinants of the share price is Warren Buffet, who is one the richest
persons in the work and is considered to be among the top five. This mainly indicates the
individual investor who are able to detect the determinants affecting share price valuation of a
particular company and make adequate income from their investment. Investor have been
using different type of measures such as fundamental and technical analysis for detecting the
investment opportunity and valuation of particular investment. Investors main criteria for
investment is to detect the mispricing of a particular stock, which could generate returns and
increase value of the investment in future. Furthermore, fundamental analysis is used in
detecting the actual valuation of a particular stock and understand its composition, whether it
is overpriced or under-priced, in both base the decision is made by the investor in improving
their level of investment, while reducing any kind of risk affecting their investment scope
(Bitar, Hassan & Walker, 2017).
The investors have been using from the simple equation of CAPM to high grade
computer codded indicators for detecting the investment opportunity in a particular
investment. The research mainly revolves in detecting different level of determinants, which
could be used in understanding the level of changes in share price that might incur over time.
The fundamental analysis also consists of different ratios, which helps in depicting the level

FINANCE
4
of improvements earned by the organisation. In addition, dividends are considered to be one
of the major determinants in sharping the overall share price of the organisation. The
dividends, which are paid by the company determines the price that an investor is willing to
pay for its share price. The higher dividends mainly increase the level of demand among
potential investors and raise shar price of the organisation. There are many equations such as
dividend discount model and equity valuation, which uses the dividends paid by the company
to determine the future prices and allow investments in making adequate investment
decisions. The different level of investment is mainly conducted on the basis of valuation,
which might help in minimising the risk from investment. The Malaysian stock market
relevantly consist of different banks, which have alternative determinants in influencing their
share price (Czajor & Michalak, 2017). The Malaysian banks relevantly provides different
level of dividends, which is used in detecting the level of changes it can have on their share
price movement over the period of time.
The investor in Malaysia has been using different level of determinants in detecting
the level of share price, which could be conducted in improving the level of returns from
investment. This relevantly indicates the use of different measures for improving the level of
investments conducted by investors in raising the level of returns from investment. Malaysian
investors use different level of techniques in detecting the level of investment scope in
particular stock, while the research would help in portraying different level of determinants
that might detect share price value of the organisation (Duchin & Sosyura, 2014).
1.2 Research Objective:
The research objective determines the impact determinants have on the share price
valuation of the Malaysian banks. The determined objective mainly allows the researcher in
collecting the relevant data used in the analysis sector of the research. The segregation of the
objective has helped in formulating the data and conducting the relevant data analysis for the

FINANCE
5
research, which could be used in detecting the determinants affecting share price of
Malaysian companies. This might help. The main research objective is depicted as follows.
 To determine the relationship between dividend pay-out ratio, earnings per share,
price earnings ratio, dividend yield and the size of the banks to their share prices over
the past 10 years.
 To conclude on the determinants that impact most significantly to the share price of
the banks.
1.3 Research Aim:
The main aim of the research is to detect the level of share price for the organisation
by detecting the relationship between different ratios, and size of the organisation. In
addition, the researcher also utilises the 10-year historical data for dividend pay-out ratio,
earnings per share, price earnings ratio, dividend yield and share price of the banks situated in
Malaysia. The researcher with the use of hypothesis and objective aims in detecting the
determinants of share price of Malaysian Commercial Banks. This research aims in
understanding the level of determinants and ratios, which might have impact on share price
valuation of the organisation.
1.4 Research Hypothesis:
The research hypothesis relevantly consists of different level of measures, which
could help in understanding the level of determinants having impact on share price of
Malaysian banks. The researcher has adequately utilised the hypothesis to understand the
level of impact determinants have on the performance of the Malaysian banks. The research
hypothesis is relevantly depicted as follows.
H1: There is a positive relationship between dividend pay-out ratio and share price.

FINANCE
6
H2: There is a positive relationship between earnings per share and share price.
H3: There is a positive relationship between price earnings ratio and share price.
H4: There is a positive relationship between dividend yield and share price.
H5: There is a positive relationship between the size of the bank and share price.
H6: There is a positive relationship between the financial progress and share price.
1.5 Research Gap:
The researcher has adequality found the relevant gaps in the current relationship of
determinants, which is used in understanding the share value of Malaysian commercial banks.
In addition, from the evaluation of the research it could be detected that different external
factors which are considered to be the determinant of the shar price movement are also not
considered in the study. In addition, the use of only 10-year data is conducting the analysis
part of the assessment, which will not be able to understand the overall determinants, which
could have an impact on share price of Malaysian Banks. Therefore, the research gap might
not help in detecting the level input, which could identify in understanding the determinants
affecting share price of the Banks in Malaysia.

FINANCE
7
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction:
The chapter focuses on addressing different level of independent and dependent
valuations, which is affecting share price valuation of Malaysian Banks. In addition, the
identified dependants such as dividend pay-out ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share, price
earnings ratio, size and financial progress is evaluated in understanding the level of impact it
has on the share price valuation of the companies. The theoretical analysis is conducted to
understand the impact it has on the performance of the organisation. The different level of
ratios can be used in improving the profits from operations, while detecting the financial
progress aimed by the company over time.
2.2 Research Evidence on dependents to share price movement:
There are different researchers that is being conducted on the qualitative factors
influencing share price of the banks listed in different countries, which might help in
identifying the determinants that might affect the price movement of Malaysian Commercial
Banks. Researchers conduct relevant qualitative factors of Amman stock exchange to detect
the variables, which are influencing the share price of the banking companies. The research is
conducted by Almumani indicated that dividend per share, earning per share, size, price
earnings ratio, book value, dividend pay-out ratio and Market price are considered to be the
major factors, which influence share price of banks (Almumani, 2014). Moreover, the
correlation and linear multiple regression models directly indicated that the combine effect of
different variables are directly dependent on the share price valuation of Companies. The
positive correlation is also shown between the independent and dependent variables, which
might have an impact on share price. Regression results directly indicate the determinants
influencing valuation of a particular organisation in the eyes of investors.

FINANCE
8
Other research also conducted on Karachi Stock Exchange where 15 organizations
were used to determine the dependent and independent variables of share price movement.
The evaluation directly portrayed the results where dividend yield, asset growth, return on
assets, and size of the organization was identified as the major factor for share price
movement. Moreover, the regression analysis directly indicated that size of the organization
had a positive relationship with the changes in share price of the organization, while the other
variables have no significant association with share price movement. this directly indicated
the level of significance that company size has on investors during the decision-making
process (Ahmad & Ramzan, 2016).
Further evaluation on the stock exchange market relatively indicates that Net Asset
Value per share, dividend percentage, and gross domestic product is influencing the share
price valuation of particular Investments. However, there is negative relationship between
inflation and lending interest rates with the market price of a particular stock, which indicates
that declining the interest rates would eventually increase share price valuation of banks and
vice versa. The information can be considered as one of the major determinants of
commercial banks, as they are influenced by the interest rate and inflation in the economy.
Moreover, empirical research also identifies relevant relationship between share price with
book value per share, dividend per share, earning per share, price earnings ratio, dividend
yield, dividend payout, size in terms of sale, and net worth. The results of the research
directly revealed that only earning per share, dividend per share, and book value per share
was able to influence the share price valuation of banks, while other component did not have
adequate impact. This relatively indicated that Investors could utilize the information in
detecting the share price valuation of particular organizations and maximize the returns from
investment (AL- Shubiri, 2010).

FINANCE
9
Empirical researcher and other information directly indicate that organizations, which
are providing regular dividend and has high dividend payout ratio is generating higher value
over the period. On the other hand, the stocks that is not providing adequate returns to the
investors is valued at lower levels. This directly indicates that Companies with higher
dividend payout ratio, dividend yield, and P/E ratio is able to attract more investors, which
increases demand for the stock and in turn pushes the share valuation of the organization.
Therefore, it could be estimated that investors choose companies with higher dividend, which
increases their share valuation during the first year (Narayan, Sharma & Thuraisamy, 2014).
2.3 Dividend Pay-out Ratio:
Dividend Pay-out ratio = Total dividend for the period / Net income available to common
stockholders
The above table relevantly represents the overall dividend pay-out ratio, which depicts
the impact of dividend on share price valuation of the organisation. In addition, the dividend
pay-out ratio comprises of the formulas where total dividend for the period is dividend by the
net income available for common stock holders. This presents the overall dividend, which the
company is willing to pay to the stockholders during the current financial year. The formula
is used by the investors in understanding the level of income in dividend pay-out ratio, which
the company has during the previous fiscal years. In this context, Farooq & Zaheer (2015)
stated that investors by using the dividend pay-out ratio is able to understand the level of
income, which the organisation is willing to distribute to their shareholders during the
financial year.
The investors utilise the ratios in understanding the progress conducted in previous
fiscal years, which might help in improving returns from investment. The total dividends paid

FINANCE
10
by the company is relevantly calculated, which might help in understanding the progress
made by the company. Furthermore, the progress made by the company might help in
detecting their financial progress, which might improve the return from investment. Giordani
et al., (2014) argued that investors without adequate measure are not able to understanding
the level in which investment needs to be conducted in a particular stock. The research
conducted on determinants of share price directly indicate that dividends play a major role in
influencing the share price valuation of a particular organisation. Moreover, dividend
influence investors during their investment decisions which relatively increases the share
valuation of an organisation.
2.4 Dividend Yield:
Dividend Yield = Annual Dividend / Current Stock Price
From the calculation of dividend yield investors able to identify the annual dividend
that is paid by the organisation in comparison to the current stock price. This directly
indicates the company to detect the level of payments that is provided by the organisation to
every investors regarding the current investments and their organisation. Dividend yield is
relatively detected by dividing the annual dividend provided by the organisation to its current
stock price. Detection of the current dividends provided by the organisation help in detecting
the current fair valuation of the company, which could improve returns of the investors. The
information provided from the dividend yield is relatively compared with previous fiscal
years, which helps the investors to identify the level of returns that the organisation can
provide over the period. The historical significance of the valuation is a relatively important
for the investors, as it helps in detecting the trend of the organization over the period of time
and it could project itself in future (Kanapickienė & Grundienė, 2015).

FINANCE
11
Dividends are considered to be one of the major factors in influences the share price
of an organization, while relevant studies have shown that investors are keen on investing on
companies having higher dividend yield. this directly indicates that the organization is willing
to pay handsome rewards to its investors after accumulating adequate returns. Dividend yield
is only an instrument for the investors to weigh the current progress of the organization, while
making adequate decisions regarding the investments that needs to be conducted in the
company. Laitinen, Lukason & Suvas (2014) stated that organization with continuous rise on
their dividend payments are able to attract more investors into the vicinity, which directly
increases their share price valuation. Moreover, dividend discount model and investment
equations directly use the dividends provided by the organization to determine the future
share price valuation of the organization. This relevantly helps the investors to develop the
level of scrutiny that is needed to identify the investment opportunity and improve their
investment capability.
2.5 Earnings Per Share:
Earnings Per Share = Net Profit After Tax / No of Shares Outstanding
The third determinant that could be considered as one of the major influences of share
price is the earnings per share ratio, which allows investors to goes into the current valuation
of the organisation. Earnings per share is relatively calculated by dividing the net profit after
tax with the number of shares outstanding of an organisation. this is relatively helps in
detecting the minimum level of EPS that could be provided to the investors after deducting
all the relevant expenses and litigation. The overall value of earnings per share is derived to
detect the level of share price, which an organisation should have over the period of time. In
this context, Lakshan & Wijekoon (2017) mentioned that Earnings per share relatively
reflects the overall earnings of the organisation during the fiscal year after computing the

FINANCE
12
expenses. On the other hand, Lakshmi, Martin & Venkatesan (2016) argued that earnings per
share is not considered as the overall dividend that is paid by the organisation, wild actual
dividend and EPS of the organisation is relatively different. This is only due to the decisions
made by the management regarding the retention of profits to conduct future investments and
minimise the overall dividend that could be paid to a particular investor.
Earnings per share is considered to be one of the major determinants, as it directly
provides the investors with the amount of money that is generated by the organisation after
conducting their operations during the fiscal year. Decline in EPS is relatively witnessed in
two different forms, where the organisation incurred loss during the financial year or there is
an issue conducted by the organisation during the fiscal year. Both the situation reduces the
earnings per share of an organisation, which allows the investors to understand the level of
returns that could be generated from a particular investment. Hence, the valuation of EPS is
considered to be one of the significant determinants, which allows the investors to understand
the level of Share price that the organisation could have in future. Li, Zhang, Zhang & Chen
(2016) stated that earnings questions for the used by investors to determine the price on in
ratio of a particular stock, which could help in detecting the current valuation of an
organisation. This calculation influences the investors in making investment decisions and
has impact on the share price of banks.
2.6 Price Earnings Ratio:
Price Earnings Per Share = Market Value Per Share / Earnings Per Share
Price earnings ratio can be considered in the as one of the significant determinants
used by investors to detect the level of investment opportunity in banking stocks. The
calculation allows the investors to understand the current valuation of the stock and whether

FINANCE
13
it is overvalued or undervalued. This detection directly helps in minimising the level of risk
that could be conducted through the investment intended by the investors. The calculation
relatively divides the market value for share of the organisation with its earnings per share
and detect the level of price earnings per share of the company. Smaller the price earnings
ratio for share of the organisation higher the chance of its increment in near future, which is
considered to be an investment opportunity. the concept of the calculation is a relatively
simple, which identifies the investment opportunity by comparing market value of the shared
with earnings per share. Lukason, Laitinen & Suvas (2015) stated that price earnings ratio is
considered to be the basic valuation method used by investors to understand the current status
for particular stock and detect whether it is overpriced under-priced. However, Mihailović
(2016) argued that due to the complex valuation system the simple method of price earnings
ratio does not allow the investors to understand the actual valuation of a stock.
However, the significance of price earnings ratio is a relatively high, as it allows the
investors to understand the current and basic valuation of an organisation. Therefore, it could
be considered as an adequate determinant, which is affecting the share price valuation of
banks over the period of time. positive changes in price earnings ratio is when it increases in
value over time, as it depicts the investment opportunity to the investors. however
exponential growth or decline in the price earnings ratio directly indicates the instability in
share price valuation of the company. This measure relatively nullifies the significance of
price earnings ratio, which is used by investors in making adequate investment decisions.
2.7 Size:
Size of the organisation is also considered an adequate measure, as it improves the
detection level of the investors in identifying investment opportunities in stocks. Investors are
keen on investing in companies that are relatively larger in size as compared to small scale
organisations. the large-scale organisations are relatively considered to have a high market

FINANCE
14
capitalisation in comparison to small market capitalisation companies. The investors
relatively rely on size of the organisation as it is considered to be risk cushion which
safeguard the investment of the investor. Companies with higher market capitalisation has
more demand among investors, which increases their valuation and influences their share
price movement. on the other hand, companies with low market capitalisation, are relatively
ignored by investors as they have low liquidity and chance of share transfer blockage due to
low buyers. Olson & Zoubi (2017) mentioned that organisations with higher market
capitalisation have more liquidity in the share trading, as maximum of the investors are
invested in the particular stock. However, companies with low market capitalisation have low
price volatility and volume, making it tough for the investors to conduct short term and
medium-term Investments.
2.8 Financial progress:
The financial progress instrument is relatively used by investors to identify the
valuation of the organisation and understand the progress it made over the period of time. The
financial progress is relatively evaluated with the help of different ratios suggest profitability,
liquidity, efficiency, and solvency. The relevant calculations and information regarding the
ratios are depicted as follows.
Profitability ratio: Gross profit = Gross Profit / Revenue
Net profit = Net Profit / Revenue
The above table includes the calculation of profitability ratios such as gross profit and
net profit, which is used to detect the financial stability of the organisation. The calculation of
gross profit margin relatively comprises of the gross profit, which is divided by the revenue
generated by the organisation. Similarly, the net profit margin calculation divides the current

FINANCE
15
net profit of the organisation with its revenue. This type of calculation is a relatively
conducted to detect the overall trend of a particular organisation and understand its financial
progress. Moreover, the profitability calculation relatively sheds light on the future progress
of the organisation and influences the share valuation of the organisation. Paul & Mitra
(2017) stated that with the use of profitability ratio investors are able to understand the
expenses conducted on administrative operations and the level of progress the organisation is
making from previous fiscal years. However, the results provided by the profitability ratio
only portrays the financial progress of the organisation, which relatively influences the
investors in making relevant investment decisions, while the calculation does not help in
portraying the actual valuation.
Liquidity Ratio: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
The financial progress can also be evaluated with the help of liquidity ratio, which
comprises of current ratio and quick ratio that identifies the financial stability of the
organisation. The calculation of current ratio relatively comprises of current assets and
current liabilities, which are divided to detect the level of assets maintained by the company
to support its short-term obligations. Moreover, the quick ratio is relatively a smoke
comprised and filtered calculation where the inventory is being subtracted from current assets
and then divided by the current liabilities, which helps in understanding the actual financial
condition of a particular organisation. The calculation of liquidity ratio indicates the level of
progress that an organisation is making to support its short-term obligation while continuing
its operations during turmoil times. The current ratio needs to be at the levels of two while the
quick ratio needs to be other levels of 1, which directly indicates that the company has
adequate current assets to support its short-term application and continue its operations

FINANCE
16
during the fiscal year. According to Pech, Noguera & White (2015), liquidity ratio allows
investors to understand the capability of the organisation to adequately function during
turmoil times and continue its operation during the fiscal year.
Efficiency ratio: Total Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Average Total Assets
Inventory Turnover = Average Inventory / Revenue
Efficiency ratio components are conducted in the above table, which relatively helps
in understanding the level of efficiency of the organisation. The total asset turnover ratio and
inventory turnover ratio is relatively calculated for detecting the efficiency of the
management in making adequate decisions. The total asset turnover ratio is relatively
detected after dividing the net sales of the organisation with its average total assets. On the
other hand, the inventory turnover ratio is detected by dividing the average inventory with the
total revenues of the organisation. The calculation relatively indicates the efficiency of the
management in making relevant decisions for improving the revenue and profit of the
organisation. Phan, Sharma & Narayan (2016) argued that with the efficiency ratio investors
are only able to gauge into the decisions made by the management in improving efficiency of
the organisation, while it does not help in detecting its future progress and valuation.
Therefore, it could be understood that efficiency ratio allows the investors to understand the
management function of the organisation, which is an essential part in making the investment
decisions. Hence, increment in share demand would eventually alter share valuation of the
organisation.
Solvency Ratio: Debt Equity Ratio = Total Liabilities / Shareholder’s Equity
Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets

FINANCE
17
The solvency ratio is considered to be one of the major indicators of investors, which
influence the share price valuation of the organisation. Solvency ratio relatively consist of
debt to equity ratio and debt ratio, which states the current financial progress and stability of
the organisation. The debt equity ratio relatively devised the total liabilities with shareholders
equity to determine the level of debt present within the liabilities of the organisation.
Moreover, the debt ratio calculation consists of total depth which is divided by total assets to
understand the level of debt used in purchasing effects of the organisation. This combination
mainly helps in understanding the level of solvency, which an organisation faces. The
solvency position of the organisation a relatively influences the share price, as investors are
willing to pay lower for high solvency positions and vice versa. the solvency position of the
banks is relatively calculated to understand their current financial progress and position,
which directly influences their share valuation that is conducted by investors. Banks with
highest chance of insolvency would be ignored by the investors, which directly affects their
share valuation. Sharma, Pinto & Kumagai (2018) stated that during the financial crisis
Lehman Brothers one of the prominent financial institution was bankrupt, as they cross the
insolvency condition.
2.9 Inflation and Interest rate:
The evaluation of different research papers indicated that inflation and interest rates
have negative impact on the overall share price valuation of banks. The changes in interest
rates and inflation directly have impact on operations of the bank, as they operate in both
terminology. the rising interest rates would eventually reduce the business of the banks and
declined its overall profit during the fiscal year, which would eventually hamper their share
price valuation. On the contrary, if the interest rates are reduced more loans and advances
will be conducted by the bank, while improving its profits during the fiscal year. Hence, it
could be identified banks have an inverse relationship with the inflation and interest rates,

FINANCE
18
Market price of the Share
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Dividend Pay-out Ratio
Dividend Yield
Earnings Per Share
Price Earnings Ratio
Size
Financial Progress
Inflation and Interest Rate
which directly affects their revenue and share valuation stream. Soares & Pina (2017)
mentioned that Rising inflation rate directly reduces the value of loans that is provided by the
bank to a particular lender, which in turn reduces the significance of instalments conducted
by the borrower.
2.10 Conceptual Framework:
Figure 2.1: Conceptual framework with Dependent and Independent Variables
(Source: As Created by the Author)
2.11 Conclusion:
From the valuation it could be identified that the independent variables such as
dividend pay-out ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, size of the
organisation, financial progress, inflation, and interest rate is directly influencing the

FINANCE
19
dependent variable, which is market price of the share. the components of the independent
variables relatively influence the investors regarding the current financial progress and
position of the banking companies, which is used as an indicator to conduct adequate
Investments. Therefore, it could be understood that with the above identified determinants the
share price of the banks in Malaysia influenced.

FINANCE
20
Reference and Bibliography:
Adam, M. H. M. (2014). Evaluating the Financial Performance of Banks using financial
ratios-A case study of Erbil Bank for Investment and Finance. European Journal of
Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2(6), 162-177.
Ahmad, N., & Ramzan, M. (2016). Stock Market Volatility and Macroeconomic Factor
Volatility. International Journal, 37.
AL- Shubiri, F. Analysis the Determinants of Market Stock Price Movements: An Empirical
Study of Jordanian Commercial Banks, International Journal of Business &
Management.2010; 5 (10):137.Available at
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/56104197/analysis-determinants-market-
stock-pricemovements-empirical-study-jordanian-commercial-banks
Almumani, M. A. (2014). Determinants of equity share prices of the listed banks in Amman
stock exchange: Quantitative approach. International Journal of Business and Social
Science, 5(1), 91-104.
Ashraf, D., Rizwan, M. S., & L’Huillier, B. (2016). A net stable funding ratio for Islamic
banks and its impact on financial stability: An international investigation. Journal of
Financial Stability, 25, 47-57.
Bitar, M., Hassan, M. K., & Walker, T. (2017). Political systems and the financial soundness
of Islamic banks. Journal of financial stability, 31, 18-44.
Czajor, P., & Michalak, M. (2017). Operating Lease Capitalization-Reasons and its Impact on
Financial Ratios of WIG30 and sWIG80 Companies. Przedsiębiorczość i

FINANCE
21
Zarządzanie, 18(1, cz. 1 Practical and Theoretical Issues in Contemporary Financial
Management), 23-36.
Duchin, R., & Sosyura, D. (2014). Safer ratios, riskier portfolios: Banks׳ response to
government aid. Journal of Financial Economics, 113(1), 1-28.
Farooq, M., & Zaheer, S. (2015). Are Islamic banks more resilient during financial
panics?. Pacific Economic Review, 20(1), 101-124.
Giordani, P., Jacobson, T., Von Schedvin, E., & Villani, M. (2014). Taking the twists into
account: Predicting firm bankruptcy risk with splines of financial ratios. Journal of
Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49(4), 1071-1099.
Goh, B. W., Li, D., Ng, J., & Yong, K. O. (2015). Market pricing of banks’ fair value assets
reported under SFAS 157 since the 2008 financial crisis. Journal of Accounting and
Public Policy, 34(2), 129-145.
Kanapickienė, R., & Grundienė, Ž. (2015). The model of fraud detection in financial
statements by means of financial ratios. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 213, 321-327.
Laitinen, E. K., Lukason, O., & Suvas, A. (2014). Behaviour of financial ratios in firm failure
process: an international comparison. International journal of finance and
accounting, 3(2), 122-131.
Lakshan, A. I., & Wijekoon, W. M. H. N. (2017). The use of financial ratios in predicting
corporate failure in Sri Lanka. GSTF Journal on Business Review (GBR), 2(4).

FINANCE
22
Lakshmi, T. M., Martin, A., & Venkatesan, V. P. (2016). A genetic bankrupt ratio analysis
tool using a genetic algorithm to identify influencing financial ratios. IEEE
Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 20(1), 38-51.
Lakshmi, T. M., Martin, A., & Venkatesan, V. P. (2016). A genetic bankrupt ratio analysis
tool using a genetic algorithm to identify influencing financial ratios. IEEE
Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 20(1), 38-51.
Li, T., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., & Chen, L. (2016). Predictability of Foodstuff Stock Returns
Using Financial Ratios in the UK and US Food Markets. Advance Journal of Food
Science and Technology, 10(5), 336-342.
Lukason, O., Laitinen, E. K., & Suvas, A. (2015). Growth patterns of small manufacturing
firms before failure: interconnections with financial ratios and nonfinancial
variables. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 6(2), 59-
66.
Mihailović, N. (2016). Ranking of banks in Serbia. Yugoslav Journal of Operations
Research, 19(2).
Narayan, P. K., Sharma, S. S., & Thuraisamy, K. S. (2014). An analysis of price discovery
from panel data models of CDS and equity returns. Journal of Banking & Finance, 41,
167-177.
Olson, D., & Zoubi, T. (2017). Convergence in bank performance for commercial and
Islamic banks during and after the Global Financial Crisis. The Quarterly Review of
Economics and Finance, 65, 71-87.
Paul, S., & Mitra, G. (2017). Impact of Financial Ratios on Stock Price: A Comparative
Study with Hang Seng and Nifty Data. Research Bulletin, 43(2), 64-71.

FINANCE
23
Pech, C. O. T., Noguera, M., & White, S. (2015). Financial ratios used by equity analysts in
Mexico and stock returns. Contaduría y Administración, 60(3), 578-592.
Phan, D. H. B., Sharma, S. S., & Narayan, P. K. (2016). Intraday volatility interaction
between the crude oil and equity markets. Journal of International Financial Markets,
Institutions and Money, 40, 1-13.
Sharma, M., Pinto, A. D., & Kumagai, A. K. (2018). Teaching the social determinants of
health: A path to equity or a road to nowhere?. Academic medicine, 93(1), 25-30.
Soares, J. O., & Pina, J. P. (2017). Macro-Regions, Countries and Financial Ratios: A
Comparative Study in the Euro Area (2000-2009). Revista Portuguesa de Estudos
Regionais, (45), 84-92.
Wijesundera, A. A. V. I., Weerasinghe, D. A. S., Krishna, T. P. C. R., Gunawardena, M. M.
D., & Peiris, H. R. I. (2015). Predictability of stock returns using financial ratios:
empirical evidence from Colombo stock exchange.
Wolfson, M. H. (2017). Financial crises: Understanding the postwar US experience.
Routledge.