Understanding Organizational Behaviour

This assignment explores the intricate world of organizational behaviour. It examines various theories and models that explain human behaviour within organizations, focusing on topics like motivation, group dynamics, leadership styles, and organizational culture. The objective is to understand how these factors influence individual and collective performance in professional contexts.

ORGANISATION
AND
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
A. Comparison of structure and culture of both City college and Enterprise Rent a Car...........1
B. Effects of structure and culture of the organization on Enterprise and City college..............2
C. Different factors which effects the behaviour of Individuals at work....................................3
TASK 2:...........................................................................................................................................3
A. Various styles of leadership ..................................................................................................3
B. Organizational theories...........................................................................................................4
C. Various approaches to leadership and management theories.................................................4
D. Impact of various styles of leadership o cited firms...............................................................5
E. Comparison of various theories of motivation and their impacts on staff members..............5
F. Different methods of applying Motivational theories.............................................................6
G. Nature of groups and their behaviour in the workforce........................................................7
H. Factors that make team effective and those which threaten the success................................7
I. Impact of technology on team functioning within City College and Enterprise.....................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
The structure and nature uses to performing various activities in an entity is known as
Organizational behaviour. It includes both individual as well as group performance and practices
within an organization (Alon, Jaffe and Vianelli, 2012). This reports assists in determining
leadership, job performance, structure, effects of communication and behaviour of an individual
in working environment. It consists about City college in north west London who now becomes
the part of City group. The another company under consideration is Enterprise Rent a Car who is
number one in world for purchasing highest amount of cars as well as one of the best car hire
company. Moreover, it also emphasize on the structure and culture of the cited firms. Also, it
focuses on different types of approaches of leadership and management. Further, development of
effective teamwork within a business entity is also covered in this report.
TASK 1
A. Comparison of structure and culture of both City college and Enterprise Rent a Car
Organizational structure: The coordination of resources, supervising and allocation to
achieve an objective or goal of an organization is known as Organizational structure. In other
words,it finds the way in which roles and power, responsibilities are controlled, assigned and
coordinated to the human resources of an organization (Densten, 2005).
Underneath are the different types of structures which can be adopted by cited organizations:
Flat structure: It is generally used by the organizations which has employees less than
30. In this type of structures, all the human resources have very close interaction in between
them. Employees have freedom to interact with other workers whenever they wants to do. This
structure provides healthy environment and also there is high coordination between employees..
Functional structure: When employees are divided into different departments and there is
a head for every department to control them, then such type of structure is known as Functional
structure. According to the case, this organization structure is most suitable for both of the cited
firms.
Organizational culture: In an organization, when employees are govern by assumptions,
beliefs , values, etc., then this system is known as Organization culture.
Underneath are the three different levels of the organizational culture:
Artifacts: It implies that it is necessary to have, proper furniture to be used, mission and
vision and uniform of the employee in an organization. In this, there are two types to
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organizations i.e. firms which focuses on resolving issues and the companies which have
frequent gossips inside the firm (Glanz, 2002). In other words, the organization with proper
uniform or dress code and the company with do not have proper uniform.
Values: It have high impact on the organization's culture, as it contains the attitude or
thoughts which are possess by the employees .
Assumed Value: Some values are not measurable but they have great impact on the
company's culture. For examples, some women dominates the men employees, therefore they are
not comfortable to work after office hours or overtime. However, some aggressive men
employees do not have any problem to work overtime.
Different types of cultures which are adopted by various organizations are as follows:
Task Culture: Organization makes different groups whose aim is to achieve the goal
which is sets by the firm (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). Enterprise should follow this type
of culture as it will increase the profit of the company.
Power: Power is given to the selected employees of the company which have rights to
take decisions and that should be followed by each and every individual. City college should ad
Role culture: When roles and responsibilities are delegated to each and every employee,
then this type of culture is known as role culture.
Personal culture: In some organizations, few employees finds themselves more
important than their organizations. This types of firms should use personal culture.
B. Effects of structure and culture of the organization on Enterprise and City college.
There is a close interaction in between structure and culture of an organization.
Organizational theories should be selected in such a manner that the overall performance level of
the company is improves (Moody and Pesut, 2006).
According to the case, the operation of the organization will effect negatively if have
strong structure and not so effective culture. To operate their organization in more effective
manner their should be a proper balance between structure and culture of the company.
Improvement of the performance is possible as they act as guidelines. Enterprise follows the
structure and culture which enables them to understand the customer's need and provide them
quality service.
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C. Different factors which effects the behaviour of Individuals at work
There are various external and internal factors which directly or indirectly affects the
behaviour of an individual at work, some of these factors are mentioned below:
Communication: It is necessary to have effective communication in between the
employees as they can share any of their problem or issue with each other (Smart and Conant,
2011). In an organization, proper communication plays an important role for healthy
environment of workplace and for better coordination. To identify the issues, it is necessary to
have interaction with the employees of the Enterprise.
Leadership: The person who sets the benchmark or examples by which other workers can
learn is called Leader. It will provide negative impact on the employees if the leader of an
organization is not proper. Leader in both the firms i.e. City college and Enterprise should have
capabilities to encourage other employees.
Job responsibilities: If the employees are aware about their responsibilities and roles in
the firm, then they will perform more effectively. It will provide negative impact on the
behaviour of employee and the firm, if they are not aware about their roles and responsibilities.
TASK 2:
A. Various styles of leadership
An organization can follow different types of leadership styles, the selection of this styles
occurs on the basis of business type which is operated by an organization (Weick, 2012).
Underneath are the types of leadership and their impacts on the cited firms:
Autocratic: When higher authorities of an organization makes the decision with the help
of their experience and knowledge. Employees of lower level or middle level are not included in
the decision making process. Due to this, workers feels demotivated and neglected in this
leadership style. This type of style is effective for the City college as there are more number of
departments, so it will take less time to take decision and also helps in more effective
performance.
Democratic: In this style of leadership, all the members i.e. higher authorities as well as
all of the employees are includes in the decision making process. All the workers can raise their
opinion for the betterment of the company. In this, employees are highly motivated as they also
contribute in the decision of the organization (Zhou, Yim and Tse, 2005). It is a time taking
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process as compared to the Autocratic. This leadership style will have more positive impact on
the Enterprise as the roles perform by the workers will be more efficient and effective.
B. Organizational theories
The process in which the identification of pattern occurs, through which they can makes
more efforts for the performance improvement, achieves the expectation of stakeholders and also
solves their problems or issues.
Underneath are the different types of theories which can be adopted by any organization:
Classical theory: In this type of theory the main foal of the company is to increase the
performance level of the organization. In this, the focal point of the company is to adopt different
concepts for their operations (Haslam and et.al., 2014). This help in finding the area of of
improvements of an organization and also provides guidelines for the improvement of the
performance.
Neoclassical theory: To understand the behaviour of workers in a group or as an
individual, this theory is very useful. It provides free working environment to their employees.
Enterprise should adopt this theory as it will help in the improvement of performance level.
Fayol's 14 principles: It includes responsibilities, roles and proper way by the help of
which a company can easily achieve their objectives. City college should should adopt this type
of organizational theory as it will assist in maintenance of discipline to achieve their objective.
C. Various approaches to leadership and management theories
According to the above approaches, Underneath are the leadership theories and the
management approaches which should be followed by cited firms:
Leadership styles: there are two leadership styles which are discussed above. Autocratic
style should be adopted by City college, since is takes less time (Hofstede, 2010). As there are
various departments in the cited firm therefore, it also helps in performing responsibilities and
roles more efficiently.
Democratic leadership style should be adopted by the Enterprise, since it includes all the
members of the organization in the process of decision making. In this, employees get motivated
as they all plays an important role in making of decision. This style is also necessary for the
improvement of the performance level.
Organizational behaviour: For effective performance of operations by a systematic
process , City college should adopt the Fayol's 14 principle type of organizational theory. To
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guide the employees as per the requirements and needs of the organization, Fayol's 14 principle
and autocratic style are used together (Hughes and et.al., 2012). As a result, they can provide
better services.
Since Enterprise focuses on the employee's behaviour, therefore, they should use
neoclassical theories. According to the case, employees of the organization are demotivated,
therefore by this theory, it will be easy for the company to understand the problems of their
workers more closely. Also, employees can be motivated easily according to their wants.
D. Impact of various styles of leadership o cited firms
Underneath are the impacts of different styles of leadership for Enterprise and City
college:
Autocratic Leadership: Leader of City college adopts this type of styles for the
motivation of employees and to make more effective decisions according to their experience and
knowledge. In this style, only higher authorities are able to make any decision in the favour of
organization and no other employees are considered for the decision making process (Tohidi,
2011). Since this type of style takes less time, therefore most of the university generally uses this
in the emergency situations.
Democratic leadership: This type of leadership style is used by Enterprise car retail
company. All the members or the employees of the company are involved in the process of
decision making. This highly motivates the workers of the cited firm for the better performance.
Different views and opinions are taken from the employees as they are more in touch with the
customers as compared to higher authorities. Therefore, they know the actual issue or problem
faced by the customers.
E. Comparison of various theories of motivation and their impacts on staff members
Theory X and Y:
According to the theories, employees who comes under theory X does not like the work,
never take responsibilities and also needs supervision while in Theory Y takes responsibilities,
loves to work, does not need supervision, etc. City college can adopt both of the theories which
will help in the improvement of the performance of their workers, and also motivates them to
work more efficiently and effectively (Sherif, Furnell and Clarke, 2015). With the help of this
theories, university can easily differentiate between high and low performance of their employee.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
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Enterprise can used this motivational theory to motivate the employees for better
performance. It helps their employees to grow in a specific manner, by fulfilling their basic
requirements and then to raise their standard of living day by day. They should motivates their
employees for achieving safety, esteem, self actualisation and social needs by better performance
and by effectively achieving the goals.
Effects of motivational theories:
Theory X and Theory Y
This theories have positive as well as negative impact on the employees of City college.
Workers of the theory Y will get more incentives, interests, bonus, recognition, etc. for their
better performances while the members of theory X get less bonus, intrests or few benefits
because of their bad performance and lack of interest for work (Robbins and et.al., 2013). This
differentiation between the members of both the theories will help them to improve their
performance and skills.
Maslow's Need of Hierarchy:
Employees of the Enterprise are motivated to work and perform well in order to achieve
their requirements. Staff members will get demotivated if the organization does not support
workers for the accomplishment of their requirement.
F. Different methods of applying Motivational theories
Theory X - Theory Y
Two groups should be made by the City college according to the high and low
performance of the employees to apply this motivational theories. In theory X, those staff
members are added which are not serious towards their work and never take responsibilities, this
workers should be guided by the manager who adopts the autocratic leadership style (Miller and
Rice, 2013). Whereas in theory Y, those workers are needs to add who take initiatives,
responsibilities and also like their work. The members of group Y should be guided by the
managers who adopts democratic leadership quality. By doing so, university will easily identify
the employees with high performance and also offers them different types benefits.
Maslow's need of Hierarchy:
Different applications like security, basic, social,etc. requirements of the employees for
their satisfactions should be provided by the Enterprise to apply this type of motivational theory.
This motivates the employees to first fulfil their basic requirements and then raise their living
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standards step by step. Cited firm will give facility in accordance with the expectations and neds
of the employees. As a result, worker's satisfaction level to achieve a target will increase.
G. Nature of groups and their behaviour in the workforce
For the development of healthy environment at the City college group working is
important (Garg and Tiwari, 2015). The collection of persons who all works together for a
specific task is known as group. Employees shares and distributed their work to complete a task
on time. In this, the performance of the employee will improves and they can share their views
more effectively. The group's nature and the behaviour of the people of groups in the workforce
shows the unity of the employees or team work. Motivation is require to the group to work
together as a team. In a group, proper understanding is necessary in between each and every
employee. If any single member will make mistake, then the whole quality of work is hampered.
The members of City college should have good unity sense so that they can easily accept the
changes made by the principal Mr. Wakefield.
H. Factors that make team effective and those which threaten the success
There are different type of factors that affect effective the team efficiency (Cheung-Judge
and Holbeche, 2015). In this context, below given are the few of the factors that affect team
efficiency ion City College and Enterprise:
Communication: Within a team where there is effective communication enables to
develop strong relationship between members and it helps to raise coordination. This way the
task that is provided to them are completed effectively and efficiently.
Time management: There are conditions in which there are many tasks that are given
within a team due to which the performance gets affected. However, within a team when there is
proper time management, then it enables to perform the work on time and that also with high
quality.
There are certain aspects that negatively affects the success of a team and few of the
factors are as follows:
Conflicts: Within the work place of Enterprise or City College, when there are conflicts
among members, then it affects the performance in a negative way that the goals that firm wants
to achieve is not attained.
Lack of leadership: Leaders are the one who make sure that that employees are
performing their roles and responsibility effectively (Baker and Parkinson, 2016). However,
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when there is lack of leaders, then the direction that has to be provided is not their and
management fail to achive the goals and objectives.
I. Impact of technology on team functioning within City College and Enterprise
With time, there are many changes that has taken place within the organization due to
changes in technology. It is important that both City College and Enterprise make use of updated
or new technology. This is because, it enables to provide customers with high quality services.
One of the main advantage that employees which the organization get with the help of
technology is proper communication. There are many electronic sources that are helpful to make
sure that workers get to come in close contact with other member even if they are far away.
There are companies that deliver their customers with similar products and services. In order to
be better from other companies, use of technology enables to make sure that workers provide
their customers with high quality services and better satisfaction is provided.
CONCLUSION
As per the report, it can be stated that employees are the face of organization as they are
the one who have direct interaction with customers. They present the products and services to
customers. In this context, it is important that all the issues that are being faced by workers are
identified and appropriate steps are taken so that they will be able to make use of their full
efficiency. Further, one of the main reason due to which performance gets negatively affected is
lack of motivation level. In this context, there are many motivational theories among which one
of the effective theory that organization should follow is Maslows Hierarchy of need. This is
effective one as it covers all the important areas through which workers can be boosted up.
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REFERENCES
Books And Journals
Alon, I., Jaffe, E. and Vianelli, D., 2012. Global Marketing: Contemporary Theory, Practice,
and Cases. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Densten, L. I., 2005. Clarifying inspirational motivation and its relationship to extra effort.
Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 23(1). pp.40 – 44.
Glanz, J., 2002. Finding Your Leadership Style: A Guide for Educators. ASCD.
Hitt, M., Ireland, R. D. and Hoskisson, R., 2012. Strategic management cases: competitiveness
and globalization. Cengage Learning.
Moody, C. R. and Pesut, J. D., 2006. The motivation to care: Application and extension of
motivation theory to professional nursing work. Journal of Health Organization and
Management. 20(1). pp.15 – 48.
Smart, D. T. and Conant, J. S., 2011. Entrepreneurial orientation, distinctive marketing
competencies and organizational performance. Journal of Applied Business Research
(JABR). 10(3). pp. 28-38.
Weick, K. E., 2012. Making sense of the organization: Volume 2: The impermanent organization
(Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Zhou, K. Z., Yim, C. K. and Tse, D. K., 2005. The effects of strategic orientations on
technology-and market-based breakthrough innovations. Journal of marketing. 69(2).
pp.42-60.
Haslam, S.A. and et.al., 2014. Social identity at work: Developing theory for organisational
practice. Psychology Press.
Hofstede, G., 2010. Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind. 3rd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Hughes, H. P. N., and et.al., 2012. Agent-based modelling and simulation: The potential
contribution to organisational psychology. Journal of Occupational and Organisational
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Tohidi, H., 2011. Teamwork productivity & effectiveness in an organisation base on rewards,
leadership, training, goals, wage, size, motivation, measurement and information
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Sherif, E., Furnell, S. and Clarke, N., 2015, December. Awareness, behaviour and culture: The
ABC in cultivating security compliance. In 2015 10th International Conference for
Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST). pp. 90-94.
Robbins, S. and et.al., 2013. Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.
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Miller, E.J. and Rice, A.K., 2013. Systems of organization: The control of task and sentient
boundaries. Routledge.
Garg, A. and Tiwari, P., 2015. A Synthesis of Literature on Ethics Program for Political
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(IJMBS). 6. p.372.
Cheung-Judge, M.Y. and Holbeche, L., 2015. Organization development: A practitioner's guide
for OD and HR. Kogan Page Publishers.
Baker, M.J. and Parkinson, S.T., 2016. Organizational buying behaviour: purchasing and
marketing management implications. Springer.
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