Develop a Personal Health Profile for an Individual

This study focuses on developing a personal health profile for an individual, including interpreting epidemiological and demographic data, identifying indicators for specific diseases, assessing health data, and understanding health screening principles. It discusses the importance of measuring health and the key symptoms and risk factors associated with bowel cancer. It also provides insights into the principles of health screening and the advantages and disadvantages of health screening.

Develop a Personal Health
Profile for an Individual

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Interpreting the epidemiological and demographic data.............................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
Identifying indicators for specific disease and health.................................................................3
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................4
Assessing the health data in order to identify the health risk and trends....................................4
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................5
Understanding the principles of health screening.......................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Measuring health of the individual is important because it helps in determining the health
status of an individual (Wardle and et.al., 2016). It helps in determining the range of problems
which in turn affects the health of the patient. Health of the patient can be effectively assessed by
carrying out physical examination.
John a 61 year old person who is suffering from Bowel cancer. The key symptoms
associated with John mainly includes weight loss, lump in stomach, tiredness or dizziness,
bleeding, etc. This study will include measures associated with the type of health risk, potential
harm to the individual, etc.
MAIN BODY
LO 1
Interpreting the epidemiological and demographic data.
Epidemiological data helps in determining the various health and risk factors which is
useful in determining the various determinants of the risk factors, control of the health problems,
etc. (Asaria and et.al., 2015). On the contrary demographic data is considered to be as the
characteristics of the population which helps in determining the gender, age, income, marital
status, religion, birth rate, etc.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Physical health
1. What is the height of an individual?
 5 feet to 5 feet 3 inches
 5 feet 3 inches to 5 feet 6 inches
 5 feet 6 inches to 5 feet 10 inches
 More than 5 feet 10 inches
2. What is the weight of an individual?
 55 to 66 Kg
 65 to 75 Kg
 75 to 85 Kg
 More than 85 Kg
3. What kind of lifestyle do you maintain?
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 Smoking
 Drinking
 Diet
4. What are your circumference measurement?
Mental health
5. How much satisfied are you with your life?
 Satisfied
 Highly satisfied
 Not satisfied
6. How are you feeling?
 Happy
 Unhappy
Social health
7. What are your hobbies?
8. What are your outside interest?
9. Do you get any friends and family support?
 Yes
 No
INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION
Physical health
1. The height of the John who is suffering from Bowel cancer is 5 feet 10 inches.
2. The weight of the John who is suffering from Bowel cancer is more than 85 Kg. Bowel cancer
tends to occur among individuals who are obese.
3. John does not eat healthy fruits and vegetables. It tends to eat packaged food. Consumption
of processed food or meat and food that is low in fibre tends to increases the higher risk of
developing bowel cancer. He is not engaged into any physical activity which in turn results in
fatigue. John also consume substances like smoke, alcohol, etc. Individual who tends to consume
smoking and take high alcohol intake increases the higher chance of developing bowel cancer
(Bowel cancer, 2019).
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4. The circumference measurement of the John who is suffering from Bowel cancer, the waist
line is measured to be 42 inches. The average waist circumstance for 75 to 85 Kg weight is
considered to be 35 inches. This in turn states that the individual in fatigue which in turn
increases the risk of developing Bowel cancer.
Mental health
5. John is not quite satisfied with his life because it does not tend to maintain a healthy lifestyle
which in turn have a negative health outcomes on John.
6. John is feeling quite unhappy which in turn because he is in severe pain because of the Bowel
cancer.
Social health
7. Hobbies which John like are cooking, home brewing, chess, leather working, investing, etc.
Being inactive tends to increase the risk of individual in getting bowel cancer.
8. Outside interest of John are mainly associated with the skiing, cooking, adventures, billiards,
archery, etc. Being inactive tends to increase the risk of individual in getting bowel cancer.
9. Yes, it has been evaluated that, John has effective friends and family support which in turn is
useful in proving mental, emotional and social health benefits. Family history or any close
relatives like father, mother, brother, sister who has ever developed a bowel cancer under age 50
tends to put individual at the greater risk of developing bowel cancer.
LO 2
Identifying indicators for specific disease and health.
Bowel cancer is considered to be a general terminology for cancer in the large bowel.
Bowel cancer is also referred to as the rectal or colon cancer (Bowel cancer, 2019). Age is
considered one of the significant factor which tends to develop bowel cancer. People who are
aged above 60 years tends to develop colon or bowel cancer. The key indicators of Bowel
cancer is nausea, vomiting, weight loss, cramps, bloating, fatigue, blood in stool, constipation,
etc. this is considered to be one of the most common type of cancer which has been diagnosed in
UK. Around 40000 cases has been diagnosed every year and also about 1 of every 20 individuals
in United Kingdom tends to develop bowel cancer in their lifetime (Lo, and et.al., 2015).
Persistent change in the bowel habit, pain in lower abdominal, significant amount of weight loss,
etc. are also considered one of the major symptom for bowel cancer. Early signs associated with
the bowel cancer mainly comprises of tiredness, unexplained weight loss, change in bowel
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habitat, rectal bleeding, lumps in stomach, etc. are the key early indicators of bowel cancer.
Unexplained anaemia, i.e., shortage of red blood cells tends to carry out oxygen throughout the
body. Lower blood cells in the body tends to result, that individual is feeling sluggish ad tired.
Vomiting and gas pain is also considered to be the early symptoms of bowel cancer in an
individual. Blood on the stool is considered as an alarming sign or symptom of the bowel or
colon cancer (Asaria and et.al., 2015). Change in bowel habits mainly includes diarrhoea,
constipation, bowel incontinence, etc. is considered to be the sign of colon cancer.
On the contrary, the last stage cancer is mainly associated with the major indicators like
muscle thinning, decreased concentration, decreased ability to talk, weight loss, no appetite,
swallowing fluids, less interest in doing things, etc. which in turn worsens the condition of the
individual who is suffering from bowel cancer (Ghanouni and et.al., 2016). Another symptoms
associated with the bowel cancer are slow breathing, long pause between breath, dryness of
mouth, decreased amount of urine, noisy breathing, restlessness, involuntary movements,
confusion, loss of bladder, loss of bowel control, etc. are the major indicators of bowel cancer at
last stage.
LO 3
Assessing the health data in order to identify the health risk and trends.
Health is considered to be as a state of being free from illness and injury. Health is
referred to as a state of complete emotional and physical well being. It is the ability of the
individual to be free from disease and also the ability of the individual to recover and bounce
back from any specific disease or illness (Essink-Bot and Dekker, 2016). Measuring health is
considered to be a clinical measure of an individual to assess the overall health of an individual
patient. Measuring health helps in determining general health perceptions, emotional and mental
well being, social and physical functioning, etc. that is useful in assessing the health status of the
individual. World health organization, 1948 defines health as a state of mental, physical and
social well- being of an individual.
Anything which tends to increase the risk of the cancer are called risk factors. Those
factors who tend to lower the risk are referred to as the protective factors. There are several risk
factors associated with the Bowel cancer mainly comprises of genetics, lifestyle and age factor
(Ghanouni and et.al., 2016). Risk factors for Bowel cancer mainly comprises of diet, being
overweight, physical activity, age, alcohol, smoking tobacco, family history, previous cancer,
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medical conditions, Benign polyps in the bowel, infections, radiations, Crohn's disease,
Ulcerative colitis, etc. After effectively analysing the health data of the John it has been analysed
that, the individual is not getting engaged into any physical activity which in turn results in
fatigue (Bowel cancer, 2019). It also does not consume healthy and fresh fruits and vegetables
which in turn negatively affect the health outcomes of the John. The individual suffering from
Bowel cancer does not get engaged in any physical and outdoor activity. This results in weight
gain and also intend to have negative or adverse effect on the health outcomes. It has been
evaluated that, the risk of Bowel cancer tends to increase overtime. John engaged in use of
misuse substances like drugs, alcohol, smoking, etc. tends to put them at high risk of colon or
bowel cancer (Lew and et.al., 2017). People who tends to have a family heredity tends to have a
high risk of developing such disease.
John must focus on maintaining a healthy wait by consuming food which are high on
fibre. Exercising for 30 minutes a day helps in reducing the risk of colon cancer. Quitting
smoking and drinking and eating fresh fruits and vegetables which contains minerals, protein,
vitamins, antioxidants, fibre, helps in preventing bowel cancer.
LO 4
Understanding the principles of health screening.
Health screening is considered to be as an effective measure which is used by the doctor
to check the health condition of an individual. Health screening is very useful in finding out the
health problems at an early stage which makes it easier for treatment and better health outcomes.
Heat screening questionnaire is very useful in capturing various health related information in
relation with physical, mental and emotional needs. It helps in promoting healthy lifestyle. The
primary purpose of screening is to detect the various risk factors for disease (Moss and et.al.,
2017). Getting recommendable screening test is considered to be as the important factor as it
results in improved health outcomes of an individual. Health screening is considered to be as an
examination as it is very useful in determining disease before the individual develop any other
symptoms.
Advantages of Health screening
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Health screening is very useful in effectively determining if the patient is at risk or has a
disease which the individual was not aware about earlier (Clifton and et.al., 2016). Health
screening helps in providing timely treatment to the individuals for better health outcomes.
Disadvantages of Health screening
The major disadvantage of health screening is that, the person might be detected with the
signs of cancer even of they actually have cancer (Griggs and et.al., 2017). This in turn result in
late treatment for the particular disease.
Principles of health screening
Principles of health screening states that there is an accepted treatment for the individual
with recognized disease. The principle states that there should be accepted treatment for patients
which in turn helps in attaining high level of accuracy (Wardle and et.al., 2016). Bowel cancer
screening helps in saving lives of the individual. Bowel screening is considered to be safe and
does not have any negative or side effects on the body. There are several screening options
available or the Bowel cancer are Colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, fecal immunochemical test,
Stool DNA tests, Fecal occult blood test, Double contrast barium enema, etc. which helps in
detecting the various health problems. These screening test helps in detecting bowel cancer at an
early stage which helps in providing early treatment (Bowel cancer, 2019). These test are useful
in finding polyps which in turn might develop into cancer.
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that, health as considered to be as a state of mental, physical and
social well- being of an individual. This study helps in determining that, anything which tends to
increase the risk of a particular disease are referred to as risk factor. Risk factors associated with
the Bowel cancer are diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, smoking tobacco, age, alcohol,
family history, Benign polyps in the bowel, infections, previous cancer, medical conditions,
radiations, Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis, etc. furthermore, this study determine that, Health
screening is very useful in finding out the health problems at an early stage which makes it easier
for treatment and better health outcomes.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Asaria, M and et.al., 2015. Distributional cost‐effectiveness analysis of health care programmes–
a methodological case study of the UK bowel cancer screening programme. Health
economics. 24(6). pp.742-754.
Clifton, A and et.al., 2016. Influences on uptake of cancer screening in mental health service
users: a qualitative study. BMC health services research.16(1). p.257.
Essink-Bot, M.L. and Dekker, E., 2016. Equal access to colorectal cancer screening. The
Lancet.387(10020), pp.724-726.
Ghanouni, A and et.al., 2016. Patients’ experience of colonoscopy in the english bowel cancer
screening programme. Endoscopy.48(03). pp.232-240.
Griggs, R.K and et.al., 2017. Challenging diagnostic issues in adenomatous polyps with
epithelial misplacement in bowel cancer screening: 5 years’ experience of the Bowel
Cancer Screening Programme Expert Board. Histopathology.70(3). pp.466-472.
Lew, J.B and et.al., 2017. Long-term evaluation of benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of the
National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in Australia: a modelling study. The Lancet
Public Health.2(7). pp.e331-e340.
Lo, S.H and et.al., 2015. Colorectal cancer screening uptake over three biennial invitation rounds
in the English bowel cancer screening programme. Gut.64(2). pp.282-291.
Moss, S and et.al., 2017. Increased uptake and improved outcomes of bowel cancer screening
with a faecal immunochemical test: results from a pilot study within the national screening
programme in England. Gut.66(9). pp.1631-1644.
Wardle, J and et.al., 2016. Effects of evidence-based strategies to reduce the socioeconomic
gradient of uptake in the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (ASCEND):
four cluster-randomised controlled trials. The Lancet.387(10020). pp.751-759.
Wardle, J and et.al., 2016. Effects of evidence-based strategies to reduce the socioeconomic
gradient of uptake in the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (ASCEND):
four cluster-randomised controlled trials. The Lancet.387(10020). pp.751-759.
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Online
Bowel cancer. 2019. [ONLINE]. Available through:<https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-
cancer/>
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