Financial Statements Analysis and Reporting

This assignment focuses on analyzing different types of financial statements, such as the income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows. Students are expected to understand how these statements provide insights into a company's financial performance and position. The analysis involves examining specific line items, ratios, and trends within each statement to draw conclusions about the company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. The assignment also touches upon concepts like cash management practices, budgeting, financial risks, and the impact of financial audits.

DEVELOP AND MANAGE
A BUDGET

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Assessment Activity 1................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 SALES BUDGET........................................................................................................1
TASK 2 PURCHASE BUDGET...............................................................................................1
TASK 3 EXPENSE BUDGET...................................................................................................1
TASK 4 BUDGETED INCOME STATEMENT......................................................................3
TASK 5 PRODUCTION BUDGET..........................................................................................4
TASK 6 PERFORMANCE REPORT.......................................................................................5
Prepare flexible budget...........................................................................................................5
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 2...................................................................................................5
Prepare cash budget................................................................................................................5
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 3...................................................................................................7
Prepare financial budgets.......................................................................................................7
Assessment Activity 4................................................................................................................9
Question 1 List five pros and cons of the budgeting process.................................................9
Question 2 Identify different types of budgets required to run a manufacturing operation. 10
Question 3 Explain master budget........................................................................................11
Question 4 Explain financial risks and also identify strategies to overcome these risks.....11
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................13

ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 1
TASK 1 SALES BUDGET
Particulars Sydney Melbourne Brisbane
Gold
coast Adelaide Perth
No. of sales 740 680 620 710 550 420
Average price 260 220 200 190 180 170
Sales 192400 149600 124000 134900 99000 71400
TASK 2 PURCHASE BUDGET
Particulars October November December
Budgeted sales 120000 140000 250000
Opening inventory 144000 252000 450000
Closing inventory 252000 450000 225000
Purchase 12000 -58000 475000
Working note
Particulars October November December January
Budgeted sales 120000 140000 250000 125000
Expected sales 144000 168000 300000 150000
Closing stock 252000 450000 225000
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Figure 1 Purchase budget
TASK 3 EXPENSE BUDGET
Particulars Amount
Variable expenses
Total variable 7725
Fixed expenses
manager's salary 6000
Depreciation of delivery vehicle 1000
Depreciation of fixtures and fittings 1500
Stationery 1100
Rent 1000
Interest on loan 2500
General Expenses 800
Total Fixed Expenses 13900
Total expenses 21625
Working note
Calculation of variable Expenses
Expected Sales of month 95000
Advertising 2500
Commission 1900
Cartage 950
Discount allowed 2375
Total variable expenses 7725
2

Figure 2 Formula view of total variable cost
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Figure 3 Total expenses
TASK 4 BUDGETED INCOME STATEMENT
In the Books of Rhino Cleaning
For the three months ended on 31st March
Particulars Amount
Sales 45000
Less: COGS
Opening inventory 7000
Purchases 8000
Less: closing inventory 9000
Gross Profit 39000
Less operating expenses
Marketing 4900
Administration Expenses 2500
Financial Expenses 1200
Total operating expenses 8600
Net profit 30400
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Figure 4 Calculation of Gross Profit
Figure 5 Net profit
TASK 5 PRODUCTION BUDGET
Particulars July August September
Budgeted sales 400 480 600
Add: closing inventory 0 48 60
Less: opening inventory 48 60 54
Production 352 468 606
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Working notes
Calculation of sales units
Particulars July August September October
Expected sales 6000 7200 9000 8100
Sales price 15 15 15 15
Sales unit 400 480 600 540
Calculation of Opening inventory
Particulars July August September October
Sales unit 400 480 600 540
Opening stock 48 60 54
TASK 6 PERFORMANCE REPORT
Prepare flexible budget
Particulars Variable cost per unit 180000 195000
Raw material 0.49 $ 88,338.46 $ 95,700.00
Direct labor 0.59 $ 105,923.08 $ 114,750.00
Variable factory overhead 2.92 $ 526,153.85 $ 570,000.00
Total variable costs $ 4.00 $ 720,415.38 $ 780,450.00
Fixed factory overhead $ 63,000.00 $ 62,500.00
Total fixed cost $ 63,000.00 $ 62,500.00
Total costs $ 783,415.38 $ 842,950.00
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Figure 6 Flexible budget
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 2
a) Arrange meeting to discuss requirements of task
Requirement of the current task is to prepare cash budget which helps in ascertaining thee
present cash flow position of an entity in the external business environment. Three month’s cash
budget starts from January to March to determine the financial position of the business enterprise.
b) Information essential to create a cash budget along with the parameters of preparing the cash
budget
For preparing cash budget, basis thing need to consider y an individual that the transactions
incurred in an entity in cash comes under the cash budget of an entity. Cash flow will include all the
sales, revenue and income received in cash and cash outflow will includes all the expenses incurred
in cash. Transactions other than cash are not considered for preparing cash budget as this is one of
the parameters for preparing the cash budget. Proportion of trade receivable and trade payable helps
an individual in crafting the overall cash budget.
c) Liase with Sasha and access data required to develop the cash budget
Cash receipts and payment journal is to be accessed for developing the cash budget by an
entity. Expense budget prepare by an individual which covers all the expenses in cash for preparing
the cash budget.
Prepare cash budget
Particulars January February March
Cash Inflow
Trade Receivable (W.N.1) 85860 74200 74000
Discount received( W.N.5) 1020 720 780
Total cash inflow 86880 74920 74780
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Cash Outflow
Purchases 51000 36000 39000
Trade Payable( W.N.2) 49980 35280 38220
Expenses(W.N.3) 26915 22755 23446.2
Discount allowed(W.N.4) 2550 1800 1950
Total cash outflow 130445 95835 102616.2
Net cash -43565 -20915 -27836.2
Opening cash balance 7400 -36165 -57080
Closing cash -36165 -57080 -84916.2
Working notes
Trade receivable
Particulars November December January February March
47% collected 0 102500 39950 28200 39000
30% in month following sale 0 0 30750 25500 18000
20% in second month following
sale 0 0 15160 20500 17000
Total trade receivable 102500 85860 74200 74000
Trade payable
Particulars January February March
78% purchase paid in month of purchase 39780 28080 30420
20% purchases are paid in the following month 10200 7200 7800
Total 49980 35280 38220
Expenses
Particulars January February March
Advertising 500 500 500
Salaries/wages 8000 8640 9331.2
Rent 3740 3740 3740
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Interest on mortgage 475 475 475
General Expenses 2400 2400 2400
Drawings 7000 7000 7000
Net GST payable 4800 0 0
Total expenses 26915 22755 23446.2
Discount allowed
Particulars January February March
Sales 85000 60000 65000
Discount allowed 2550 1800 1950
Discount received
Particulars January February March
Purchases 51000 36000 39000
Discount received 1020 720 780
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 3
a) Discuss the parameters of budgeted income statement, cash budget and balance sheet
Assumptions form an important part for preparing the financial budgets which helps in
determining the overall position of an entity in the external environment. Balancing ledgers are
prepared to determine the balancing figure which will be considered in the financial budgets.
b) Access data to develop the documents required in preparing budgets
The preparation of the financial budgets require cash book, bank statements, assets
scheduled, liability schedule, debtors account and creditors account.
c) Prepare financial budgets
Budgeted income statement of the year
Particulars Amount
Sales 420000
Less: Cost of sales
Opening stock 2400
Purchases 2000
Closing stock 2000
Total COGS 2400
GP 417600
Operating expenses
Depreciation 8000
Interest on mortgage 1200
Advertising 17200
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Office expenses 7600
Rates and taxes 3800
Bank charges 300
Commission on sales 4900
Motor vehicle expenses 9600
Salaries and wages 35200
Total expenses 87800
Net Profit 329800
Balance sheet
Particulars Amount
Assets
Current asset
Accounts receivable 6400
Inventories 2400
Non-current assets
Motor vehicles 12000
Land and building 60000
Total assets 80800
Current liabilities
Accounts payable
Bank overdraft 4400
Loan repayment 4800
Interest 1200
Non-current liabilities
Mortgage 40000
Capital 30400
Total equity and liabilities 80800
Working notes
Accounts receivable
Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
To balance B/d 4000 By balance B/d 6400
Credit sales 2400
6400 6400
Depreciation
Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
To PBD 12000 By Motor vehicle 4000
By balance c/d 8000
12000 12000
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Motor Vehicles
Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
To balance b/d 20000 By Depreciation 4000
By balance c/d 16000
20000 20000
Provision for depreciation
Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
To Depreciation 4000 By balance c/d 12000
To balance c/d 8000
12000 12000
Particulars Amount
Cash inflow
Sales 417600
Accounts receivable 6400
Total cash flow
Cash outflow
Accounts payable 8000
cash expenses 79800
Closing cash 336200
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d) Requirements and outcomes of preparing the financial budget
The preparation of the financial budget requires the consideration of cash as well as non-cash
elements while preparing cash budget, income statement and balance sheet which reflects the overall
position of an entity.
f) Recommendation for monitoring the performance
Quality techniques used by an individual to improve the overall performance of an entity by
stressing on all the important elements in an entity.
ASSESSMENT ACTIVITY 4
Question 1 List five pros and cons of the budgeting process
Advantages
 It acts as an important tool for forecasting the future performance of an entity by analyzing
the present facts and figures.
 Analytical decisions are taken by the managers by preparing different budget which helps in
improving the overall management performance.
 Important feature of the budgeting process is to complete all the budgets within a stipulated
time period as providing all the services to the external users within a given time span helps
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in increasing the image of the firm in front of all the users located outside an entity
(Advantages and disadvantages of Budgeting process, 2017).
 It helps in promoting communication among all the personnel working on same or different
levels of the management.
 It allows coordination among the department which reflects in the overall output.
Disadvantages
 It is regarded as the bureaucratic process as the owner of the department orders its employees
to complete the drafting the budgets without seeking the relief of an individual.
 Employees gets frustrated while preparing budgets as they need to match the higher standards
of the quality standard especially crafted by the owner to avoid any mistakes in the budgets.
 It is time consuming process
 It requires more focus which required qualified person
 Higher personnel costs in recruiting expert individual
Question 2 Identify different types of budgets required to run a manufacturing operation
There are different kinds of budgets prepared by small scale entity is mention as below:
Operating budget- Income and expenses incurred in a business helps in determining the financial
position of an entity by ascertaining the amount of profit or loss to showcase the capabilities of an
enterprise. Figures of the income statements help in forecasting the future performance of the
business concern. It includes various components such as sales, cost of sales, production expenses,
administration charges, labour costs, material costs.
Cash flow budget- cash is regarded as one of the biggest element in an entity as cash inflow reflects
all the income and revenues generated by a firm and outflow shows the expenses and losses incurred
in a firm (Different kinds of budgets, 2017). All transactions incurred in a business recorded in a cash
flow statement when it deals in cash and all the expenses incurred in cash are considered inn the
statement to reveal the actual position of the business concern.
Financial budget- Financial and monetary performance of the business is ascertained by an entity by
preparing these kinds of budgets in which various budgets prepared by the firm such as reflecting all
the assets, liabilities, income and expenses incurred in a business to determine position of an entity as
against all its competitors.
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Question 3 Explain master budget
Master budget is a budget used as a central budget to forecast the overall performance of an
entity by considering all the elements related to the financial position of an entity (Master budget,
2017). Master budget prepared by an entity includes various components such as direct labour
budget, direct materials budget, closing finished goods, manufacturing overhead budget, production
budget, and sales budget and selling and administration budget.
Question 4 Explain financial risks and also identify strategies to overcome these risks
Risk play a significant role in an entity as it affects the overall performance of an entity
within a stipulated time period. Risks occur in an entity in two different kinds such as financial as
well as non-financial risks which will be tracked by an individual at specific time period. A different
kind of financial risks incurred in a business has mention below:
Asset backed risks- This kind of risks incurred in an entity is related with the assets of the business
such as interest rate and prepayment risk (Financial risks, 2017). This kind of risks can be overcome
by the firm by keeping track on the trend of interest rates to safeguarding the interest of the business
concern.
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Credit risks- It is inherited risks incurred in an entity by default which cannot get eliminated but can
be reduces as the minimization of this depends on the efforts applied by an individual. In this kind of
risks incurred in an entity, overall cash flow gets decreases as collection costs gets increased with the
passage of time. This risk can be overcome by an individual by ascertaining the amount of collection
costs to compensate the same within a stipulated time period.
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REFERENCES
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Master budget, 2017. Available through: <
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