Developing Leadership and Management - Assignment

Developing Leadership
and Management

Executive summary
This project is based over the concept of management & leadership along with its
contribution toward the success of business. It has been explained in this report by taking
example of great leaders i.e. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Joanna Hoffman by presenting
them in a film which is directed by Danny Boyle. This film presented number of leadership and
management styles that has been implemented by them within Apple Inc. to make it successful at
marketplace. From the analysis it has been found that Steve Jobs prefer autocratic leadership
style in order to guide and manage its employees to work over business targets. But on the other
side Joanna Hoffman focuses toward adopting Bureaucratic style which perform business
activities in ethical manner by following all the laws related with business. Apart from this Steve
Wozniak adopted a democratic leadership style as he was a technical expertise and believe to
promote new ideas by involving employees in decision making process. Therefore from the
above viewed film it has been recommended that democratic leadership style must be followed
within the organisation in order to promote innovation.

Table of Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Part 1: A critical evaluation of the styles of leadership and management within the organisation. 1
Part 2: An evaluation of the leadership styles used in Apple..........................................................4
Part 3 Leadership development intervention ..................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leadership refers to the art of individual who influences interest of other people to
perform work effectively in order to attain common goal. It can be said that it is highly related to
capability of a person who motivates others to work in a single direction. Whereas, management
is considered as the procedure through which organisational goals and objectives can be attained
in easily by effectively using available organisational resources. This report is completely based
on understanding of both the terms that is leadership and management effectively. For
understanding this in more effective manner, a film named as Steve Jobs directed by Danny
Boyle have been taken into consideration. At first this report will critically evaluate different
styles of leadership and management in Apple Inc. Further, it will evaluate actual leadership
style used in Apple Inc that means by Steve Jobs and its related people who are working together
for Apple. At Last, it will cover in depth discussion on leadership development intervention that
could be implemented to drive change and continue to improve and develop leadership.
Part 1: A critical evaluation of the styles of leadership and management
within the organisation
The present film revolves around Steve Jobs founder of Apple Inc. In the film it has
been seen that main character was played by Steve Jobs. The movie depicts some phases of
Steve Jobs life that represents some positive as well as negative image of his life. The film
have also explored personal life of Steve Jobs, his girlfriend and their daughter. In this,
initially Steve Jobs have denied to that he is not father of Lisa (daughter of Chrisann
Brennan). It has been represented in the movie that Brennan thinks that reason behind
Steve's denial is his wealth (Noe and et.al., 2017,). After some time, Steve have agreed to
provide a house and some more money to Lisa for her education and upbringing. All of this
work was done under a bond. But, later with the changing time, Steve Jobs have agreed
apologise to Lisa for his wrong conduct and has accepted that he is his father publicly. This
film includes numerous of characters who have played real life roles of related people of
Steve Jobs which are stated as below with their real names:
Real Character Name Actor Name
Steve Jobs Michael Fassbender
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Joanna Hoffman Kate Winslet
Steve Wozniak Seth Rogen
John Sculley Jeff Daniels
Chrisann Brennan Katherine Waterston
Andy Heryzfeld Michael Stihlbarg
Lisa Brennan Jobs Perla Haney-Jardine
Andrea “Andy” Cunningham Sarah Snook
Avie Tevanian Adam Shapiro
Joel Pforzheimer John Ortiz
Steve Jobs
The founder of Apple was strictly following autocratic leadership style. This type of
leadership states that whole work is controlled by single individual who takes all of the major
decision at their own without consulting it with any one else not even its employees. In this type
of leadership. Leaders does not takes advices from followers as they believes that their own
thoughts and ideas are perfect and by using it they can become successful. According to film
directed by Danny Boyle, it has been analysed that Steve Jobs was following Autocratic
leadership style which have been seen in many parts of the film. It has been identified that due to
his autocratic style Apple was facing many issues that has led his company down. This
influences board of director of Apple to fire Steve Jobs out from the company. This is because,
board of director thinks that Steve was not taking right decision at own level. This have impacted
negatively upon performance of Apple and affected its brand image at market places too. Along
with this, it has been further seen in film that Autocratic leadership style have also made this
person away from other essential people of Apple. Along with this, it has been further analysed
that due to this leadership style his personal relations with other people. This have also affected
growth of Apple as Steve Wozniak was not supporting Jobs. Due to this, it can be said that if
both of these co-founders were having effective and positive relations then they would be having
more better success that they have right now. In addition to this, Autocratic leadership style have
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developed very strict image of Jobs in front of its employees that have made them feel restricted
towards company. Thus, these employees were not sharing their ideas with management team.
Joanna Hoffman-- Bureaucratic
Hoffman was marketing executive of Apple and Next. The lady have supported Steve
Jobs when he was kicked out Apple from its board of director. She has won satirical award at
Apple. This award was mainly given to person who have done best work in bringing Apple and
Next to top. She is one among those people who have contributed equally in the success of
Apple. As per the film, it has been analysed that Hoffman was using Bureaucratic leadership
style. This leadership style mainly emphasis on following of laws. These leaders are having
numerous of authority which they uses to control manpower. The lady was highly strict towards
her work which have made her successful in business. Joanna Hoffman holds high designated
position in Apple,. She performs all of its work in a systematic manner. This made it possible for
her as well as employees of Apple to work effectively in order to attain their targeted goals and
objectives in quick manner. Further, it has been seen in the film that employees of Apple were
following her rules, norms and regulation. This is because, they knew that even though Joanna
Hoffman is strict but her leadership style will support them in attaining their targeted goals and
objectives. Along with this, these employees also knows that with the success of this lady, they
will definitely get success (Hammer, 2015). During evaluation of overall film, it can be said that
at one end this leadership style was good for all but at the same time, this leadership approach
have developed uncomfortable type feeling in front of employees. As a result, these employees
were not able to share their ideas, imagination and thoughts with their marketing executive that is
Joanna Hoffman. This could have impacted negatively on growth of Apple.
Steve Wozniak – Democratic
Steve Wozniak was co-founder of Apple. This person was strictly giving importance to
success of Apple whereas Steve Jobs believes in launching its more and more. As per reflected in
the film, it has been analysed that Steve Wozniak is open minded person who believes in taking
practical and technical decisions. Wozniak was following Democratic leadership style as he
believes in taking technical decision for Apple so that it could sustain longer in the industry.
According to scene presented in the film, it has been analysed that this person is involving
numerous employees and other related person at the time of taking decision (Goetsch and
Davis, 2014). This leadership style have helped Steve Wozniak in developing better products for
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Apple phone as well as it computers. It can be said that democratic leadership style also
enhances job satisfaction of employees and encourages creativeness and innovation in company.
It can be said that this leadership style have also allowed its employees and made them free that
they can easily share their innovative ideas through which Apple can succeed effectively. This
have also allowed apple in taking right decision with the support corporative employee and
management. Along with this, it can be said that democratic leadership style also reduces
chances and number of problems at workplace that is within Apple. It has observed in film that
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were much different from each other. There leadership style was
completely opposite from each other (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). This is because, Steve Jobs
believes in conducting more and more events in order to promote its products among customers.
Whereas, Steve Wozniak believes that they should focus on developing their products
effectiveness by adding more and more features in their products. This person thinks that if they
will emphasis on their product then it will ultimately make an effective place in front of
customers. As a result, they will sustain longer in industry.
Part 2: An evaluation of the leadership styles used in Apple
Within an organisation like Apple, relationships among board of directors basically plays
a crucial role and these can get affected because of the different reasons like different leadership
styles followed by them. As it was analysed above that, Steve Jobs has followed autocratic
leadership style, Joanna Hoffman fundamentally followed bureaucratic leadership style and
lastly the third sub-character was Steve Wozniak in the film who has followed democratic
leadership style. Basically, what was in the movie was Steve Jobs and a great connection with
Joanna, because somewhere there thinking used to match which was showed in some places
within the film.
On the other hand, the relationship with Steve Wozniak with Steve Jobs was a little
critical with each other. Along with this, April 8, 1983 was the date when John Schulley became
the CEO in the presence of both Steve Wozniak's creations and Jobs' vision. He has also
followed situational leadership style which affected Apple's profit margins as well. Within the
movie, John Sculley had a great relationship with Jobs. On the other hand, within the film, it was
found that Jobs had good relationship with Joanna Hoffman which means they used to share
happiness with each other. Along side this, Jobs also trusted Joanna and many crucial decisions
which were taken by them were effectively beneficial for Apple which was found in the film.
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Based on the picture which was presented and in real life as well, Steve Jobs had a great
impression upon other followers (subordinates) in the organisation (Stahl, 2012). But, the
leadership style which was followed by him impacted negatively upon overall performance level
and on his . On the other hand, positive and contagious leaderships are the two
Along with this, based on the core competencies of Steve Jobs, he was the type of leader
which use autocratic leadership in their organisation. This leads that he was the leader which use
to take decision for organisation and apply on their employees that they have to follow these
decisions taken by him. Along with this he was very much short tempered person, which get
angry in very less time (Harris, 2013). Therefore, in film it was very much important for him to
adopt democratic type of leadership rather then autocratic. This could help him in improving
their relationship with others and also helps them in taking decisions in which their subordinates
are part of it and also take suggestions from other while taking decisions. Along with this the
main competencies of Steve Jobs was that, he was the type of leader who was able to take
decisions lonely which are good for organisation and it's future. Along with this, he have skills to
manage all the organisation single handedly, which increases their leadership skills. Therefore, it
was very much needed for them to make changes in their skills and competencies and also to
improve them, so that their performance get improved.
This also help them in making good relationship with others, so that they can took part of
the decisions made by him for benefit of organisation and it's future. Along with this, he have to
make changes in his leadership and in himself, so that he can work with other and manage their
relationship with them. This will help them in performing their operations in very effective
manner along with this it has also helped them in increasing their working efficiency with others.
Through this, maximum benefits has been gained by Steve Jobs in specified time frame. With the
help of this, positivity can easily be improvised among Steve Jobs as he was one of a leader and
an influencer at the same time, but the leadership style which was followed contagious
leadership (Drucker, 20120).
Within the movie, it can also be said that Steve Jobs has been a really very effecive leader
which is undoubtedly right but, in real life he had dominating sort of nature which not only voted
out him from Apple but it also affected his personal life at the same time. Along with this, it can
also be said that it was pretty clear that, Joanna was a kind and generous woman as a leader who
worked effectively and has become one of an influential business person who had really very
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great skills at Apple and was also a good friend of Steve Jobs which can be seen within the
movie. Away with this, within the fim, there was another significant person within Jobs' life like
co-founder big picture man named as Wozniak, showed with the same kind of mind but different
from Steve Jobs and oppossed in some cases as well. Along with this, within the movie,
Wozniak mentioened that “if not in person than in direct spirit to the proceedings was being
considered one a crucial line that made others understand that, he believed in a pack rather than
going single for a business person. Here, it can easily be found that, co-founder opposed to Jobs'
wants because he has kept its focus purely on his product being launched.
Part 3 Leadership development intervention
Steve Jobs
According to the movie, Steve Jobs believes in visionary aspect. He always believed that
how people can ideate and how people would do something. Steve jobs was determined to do
his work in his own way. He did not people who hide behind power point presentations. He
believes that if stuff is known then there is no need of power point presentations. Jobs treat
people badly so he turns charm when he wanted something or someone to do business with him.
Steve was a master in building of values. He always knew what was important to his prospect
and the compelling reason to buy. The co-founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak believes that
successful innovation is dependent on simple human centric design and doing things differently.
According to him the success of Apple was Steve jobs as he was an engineer. Wozniak
encouraged entrepreneurs for creation of something which is innovative and giving in right
consumer perspective. Since, Steve Jobs was specifically required to make alterations in its own
competencies. Along with this, it can also be said that Steve Jobs was also required to look into
his personal life and through whatever changes that were required to be made was essential for
his own life. With the help of this, it is may be possible he, would have not changed its personal
life at the same time (Morrison, 2012).
Joanna Hoffman
As per the film, Joanna Hoffman has excellent ability to think and provide the innovative
ideas for performing the tasks (Leithwood and Hallinger, 2012). She provided the ideas which
are beyond the expectations of any one. She loves to experiment new thinks along with providing
new ways to perform the activities in an innovative manner. Every time she alters the
performance to get something different. Her such approach leads to have strong inspirational as
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well as influential performance. She has never performed any particular things repeatedly. Her
this ability sometimes discourages its co workers to work with her. She need to be polite with all
her peer people to get the work by encouraging them. She advises various people to think in
future and analyse the situations and accordingly plans the activities. She every time learns from
her experiences and advices all the ideas to distinct people. She sometimes becomes introvert to
disclose the ideas. She needs to be an open minded person and should share the valuable ideas
with the required persons. It has analysed in the film that Joanna Hoffman is very introvert. The
popular lady does not like to engage much people in their working life. It can be said that if this
lady would have been more frank or could have extrovert type of people then she would have
been more successful in her life. In addition to this, it can be said tat her frank nature will also
allow then to approach new business opportunities that could provide additional gain to them in
effective manner. At further, it has been realised that her strictness have helped her out in her
success but at the same time it can be said that her strictness became reason for late success
(Sallis, 2014).
Steve Wozniak
Leadership competencies refers to unique leadership skills, and behaviour which
contributes to superior performance of leaders. The emphasis on competencies of leaders and
development of skills helps in better relationship. The co-founder of Apple is Wozniak having
unique competencies for leadership at the company. The various competencies possessed by
Wozniak are defined below:-
Determination- Wozniak works with very high determination and found ways to solve
problems in effective manner.
Preparation- Steve Wozniak is very much obsessed with providing with details
regarding product design and assures tremendous user experience.
Communication skills- Wozniak is straight forward and communicate clear information
to their employees which will be effective for the overall company.
Strategic focus- Based on the film, Wozniak mainly focus on small strategies which help
them to achieve their ultimate goals. Analysing the current situation and develop their strategies
accordingly.
Creating Trust- by framing the plans according to the employees and other persons in
the organisation, so that they can develop trust and confidence among each other.
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On basis of above specified competencies of Steve Wozniak, it has been analysed that
this person was strictly following democratic leadership style. This means he were giving much
importance to employees and including them in decision making session (Liker and Convis,
2012). This was good, but it can be said if this person would have followed other leadership
style rather democratic one then there are probable chances that he would be more successful.
His excessive democratic style have made this person opposite in front of Jobs, this is because,
Jobs thinks that Wozniak is wasting this time in employees (McCleskey, 2014). This time could
have been used by him in some other areas in more effective manner.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it has been analysed that leadership and management
both plays an essential role in the growth of an organisation. It is required by business
organisation to adopt effective leadership style so that they could sustain longer at market place
and gain competitive advantage. Further, it has been analysed that effective leaders are the one
who motivates people and other individual to work effectively for common goals and objectives.
Along with this, it can be said that management also plays equivalent important role in the
growth of company. As with effective management company can utilise all of the available
resources in effective manner. Therefore, with the help of effective management, any business
organisation can achieve its targeted goals and objectives in effective manner. This ultimately
enhances their profitability in quick time.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Noe, R.A. And et.al., 2017. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Renz, D.O., 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John
Wiley & Sons.
Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Harris, A., 2013. Distributed school leadership: Developing tomorrow's leaders. Routledge.
Drucker, P., 2012. Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge.
Stahl, G., Björkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S.S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., Trevor, J. and Wright,
P., 2012. Six principles of effective global talent management. Sloan Management
Review. 53(2). pp.25-42.
Hammer, M., 2015. What is business process management?. In Handbook on business process
management 1 (pp. 3-16). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Guerrero, L.A., Maas, G. and Hogland, W., 2013. Solid waste management challenges for cities
in developing countries. Waste management.33(1). pp.220-232.
Morrison, K., 2012. School leadership and complexity theory. Routledge.
Sallis, E., 2014. Total quality management in education. Routledge.
Liker, J.K. and Convis, G.L., 2012. The Toyota way to lean leadership. McGraw-Hill,.
McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership
development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), p.117.
Leithwood, K.A. and Hallinger, P. eds., 2012. Second international handbook of educational
leadership and administration (Vol. 8). Springer Science & Business Media.
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