Development in Policing

Running head: DEVELOPMENT IN POLICING
Development in Policing
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1DEVELOPMENT IN POLICING
Communal Policing:
It is evident that Sir Robert Peel initiated a new legislative body by implementing the
‘New Police’ under the provisions of the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 (Choi & Lee, 2016).
Therefore, it can be argued that the first police system was established by the Metropolitan
Police Act 1829. Authors were of the view that the other reformers of the police department were
aware of the fact that the fear of crime has increased considerably in the society (Eck, 2018).
However, Sir Robert Peel relied on various government records of 1810 which provided
appropriate evidences regarding the nature of the crimes which increased to a large extent.
Therefore, it occurred to him, that it will be appropriate to use such records for the benefit of the
police department. Modern scholars opined that, there is a necessary of an existing police force
in a society for the purpose of proper developing relationships between various conflicting
political and social classes (Gasper & Davies, 2018). In the perspective of the revisionist it can
be observed that in the presence of different capitalists within communities whose function were
to control the prevailing working classes and were mostly engaged in controlling political
disturbance, factory riots and other prevailing crime in the society opposed to public morality
(Heaton & Tong, 2015). The nine principles of policing, popularly known as the Peelian
principles were enacted for the purpose of providing active cooperation to the individuals of the
society (HOUGH, Hunter & MAY, 2017). Contemporary authors argued that, the police
officials are now aware of their responsibilities and how to use these responsibilities according to
the roles entrusted to them by the system (Choi & Lee, 2016). Modern autocrats were of the
opinion that the subject-matter of policing forms an important part of contract between the police
and the general public as a whole however; it is important on the part of the individuals to
cooperate actively (Heaton & Tong, 2015).

2DEVELOPMENT IN POLICING
The Brixton Riots of 1981:
According to the evidences provided by the Scarman report, it can be observed that on
10th April 1981, the Brixton riots suddenly broke out which created major effect on the policing
system. According to the point of view of contemporary scholars, the exact reason behind these
violent activities was as a result of existing eco-economic factors in Brixton (Simon, 2017).
Modern autocrats argued that such socio-economic factors included high rates of unemployment,
low income rates and the increasing dominancy of the black communities who were subjected to
over-policing based on the SUS laws (Lumsden, 2017). Authors were of the view that these riots
were mostly associated with black communities and such activities included violent actions
against the police.
The Scarman Report:
For the purpose of providing appropriate recommendations for policy changes, Lord
Scarman was given the authority to produce a report based on the activities and outcomes of the
Brixton Riots in 1981. The report contained the consequences of civil unrest in Brixton.
However, the report stated provided various evidences regarding the activities of the police when
they were carrying out their operation during 10th of April during that year (Lumsden, 2017). In
the perspective of modern authors the black communities were overly targeted by the police. In
the opinion of ancient scholars, the operation of the police is carried out without efficient
communication with the general public and the existing political bodies (Roudometof, 2016). In
this regard, the Scarman report was heavily criticized by various authors and political leaders and
thereby various debates were conducted for this purpose. According to the perspective of modern
authors, the Scarman report was being focused upon, the principles of policing which were based