FGM and Health & Social Care Services

The assignment provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on healthcare systems. It explores the severe effects of FGM on females' lives and the need for proper knowledge about health & social care services to prevent and treat FGM-related issues. The report concludes that contemporary thinking is crucial in addressing this issue, and major consequences can be considered as standards of health & social care in hospitals including females suffering from FGM.

Development of services in
Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
Covered in Brochure...............................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................3
Covered in POSTER...............................................................................................................3
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................3
4.1 Analyze local attitudes that reflect at national level.........................................................3
4.2 Evaluate the validity of public attitudes and behaviors....................................................4
4.3 Possible consequences of contemporary thinking............................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care refers to sector involving different types of medical organization to
put efforts for preventing various kinds of health problem in proper way. It include different
issues related to health care which are required to be solved to gain a healthy and developed
country. Moreover, it is essential to evaluate contemporary issues and boost up health care
services to prevent various dangerous diseases in successful manner (American Speech-
Language-Hearing Association, 2016). It involves several health problem such as heart &
circulatory, cancer, respiratory disease including asthma, liver issues, stroke and many more. The
present report will focus on gathered information about health issues in order to fulfill actual
requirements of the same. It include use of media to influence attitudes and behaviors of people
so that they will take precautions along with avoiding religious thoughts which impacts
negatively on health of an individual. The issue of female genital mutilation (FGM) which is
done by some of communities having non medical reason and it impacts very critically on further
life of any female is given below.
TASK 1
Covered in Brochure
TASK 2
MEMORANDUM
To: Medical Department/UK
CC: Harry Jones
FROM: Jack Smith
DATE: January 12, 2019
SUBJECT: Use of media influence the attitudes and behaviour of people
The media plays a significant role to present an information in different ways. They presents
information in both positive and negative ways. Most of the time, impact of information to
the public depends on how the media presents it to the public. The media has both positive
and negative impact of information related to health and social care. The positive
information can negatively affect the people attitude and behavior if not presented
properly. On the other way, negative information can also be presented in the positive
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way. It depends on how people perceives the particular information.
The information has to be presented in a such a way that people's behavior and attitude
can be managed in one direction in context of health & social care (Keleher and
MacDougall, 2015). They need to discuss the benefits and advantages of health and social
care by using various social platforms. This will help people's attitude and behavior to
judge positive' about growing scenario of health and social care sector. People are
considered as stereotyping, moral panics and political bias which reflects in their behavior
as well as their thoughts or views. Understand ability of visual aspects and sound
influence people's behavior to understand the truth of the health and social care sector. It
is important for the media to present issues and problems in most accurate and scientific
way so as to make matter of health and social care relevant for the public. Media should
keep away any kind of politics in order to protect common interest of the public in context
with health and social care sector. For example, media can influence behavior of people
by encouraging them towards correct aspects of life in order to adopt the same for better
future. It is because politics create doubts and negative thoughts in general cases in the
mind of the public which is disgraceful in some cases. Hence. it is concluded that media
role is very important in our society to transform information from one place to another
especially in health and social care sector.
Analyse Reliability and validity of media information by people
Reliability and validity are two important factors in presenting information related with
health and social care sector. Reliability means accuracy and consistency of the current
information. Validity refers to the process by which dependable and most suitable information
is found out. Media has a strong backup role to transfer an information relating to health issue
from individuals to various policy makers and health care executives. In this sector, the
people's knowledge, attitudes and behaviors are influenced by media. Information relating to
the health sector is convey to the society and significant to the public health. Media has spread
all over the world as a result of more people has connected to them through different sources
of social media.
At the other hand, it is because of high level of credibility and audience base with the
media at informational level. Public can follow the media through various modes whether
electronically or personally. It is possible that any media spokesperson provide good and
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favorable news related with health and social care to the audience and that person could be a
option of link between people and media. Both health officials and media person must pursue
skills, knowledge and adequate information regarding delivering true as well as transparent
information to the public. For promoting healthier behavior and attitude, media should play a
pivotal role in informing about the health risks to the population. There is a technological
advancement require to provide better health and social care around the globe (Evans, 2016).
Thanks & regards
Jack Smith
TASK 3
Covered in POSTER
TASK 4
4.1 Analyze local attitudes that reflect at national level
Citizens of United Kingdom consider on health related and social care problems so they
take actions as well as understand to these related circumstances. Many communities are
providing relevant information to people through radios, television, campaigns and so on.
Moreover, these local communities assist to gathering knowledge about social and health related
issues. Additionally, often issues are reflect on national level such as clitoridectomy process, that
is very dangerous and causes of unexpected deaths of females (Kim, 2013). Furthermore, a
number of young girls are dying after removing genital organs in baby birth and sexual actions.
On contrary to this, government need to pass strict laws against female genital mutilation to bane
and operate it carefully for culture sensitive education and public awareness. Particular
department of female safety will be very helpful through complete efforts because It will appoint
workers only for female healthcare activities.
At the other hand, some local communities are working for bane this violence thoroughly
and organize conferences and public champagne. However, circumcision is a non medical
surgery simultaneously complex and panic, therefore community tries to organize some
educational events through collective decision making that can enable to abandon this practice.
Throughout these programs, gender equality will be increase and contribute in abandon of
circumcision. Moreover, Government should applying for high education plans so that people
will change their critical thoughts by improving their living standards. At last but not the least,
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understanding of health issues play more significant role in aware to nearby people and take
steps in quick decisions.
Interrogate information collected – The attitude, behavior and their beliefs regarding
FGM in local areas reflect on national level in order to create a large issue. However, such
terrible beliefs and attempts impacts negatively on lives of women and may increase mortality
rate of them due to severe complications in health conditions. Moreover, it is necessary to
remove thinking about FGM in order to decrease mortality rate among females and make their
lives more comfortable. At the other hand, positive thoughts are helpful for increasing their
living of standards in local communities which reflects on national levels as developing nation.
The above discussion conclude that negative thoughts of people impacts negatively on
development of nation and lives of citizens levels there. Further more, positive thinking like
thought to promote educations and technology in local areas reflects at national level in order to
gain development in country.
Impact of services – The problem of FGM is a kind of discrimination among men and
women in which females get suffered very badly as genital mutilation attempt is very painful and
horrible for them. It will create many complications which may leads to death of women which
is required to be reduced. Moreover, changing threshold criteria is required to be implemented as
government should make legal rules for safety of women regarding terrible problem of FGM to
save their lives accordingly.
Different interpretations of information – The information gained from various
sources get interpreted in different manner by people and they apply in differentiated way in
their lives which may positive or negative. However, people has their own thought to use
selective information and apply the same in real life. Additionally, sometimes, genuine
disagreement over correct interpretation of information is observed among people which reflect
on national levels as threat. Overall, thoughts of people regarding any information in local areas
can be observed at national levels which may positive or negative respectively.
4.2 Evaluate the validity of public attitudes and behaviors
Female Genital Mutilation involves with the those procedures that partial or totally
removes the external female genitalia for non medical reasons. In aspects of some communities,
it is cultural and religious beliefs that every women should go through. UK is unitary state in
which women undergoes female genital cutting, as their communities beliefs that as a women
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they will get respect and they are worthy of marriage and a man. Moreover, if the women
disagree they are treated as unworthy and promiscuous for getting married in the society.
Some communities also believes that until and unless girl's clitoris is removed, she will
not be treated as a mature women or full member of the human race. Female genital mutilation is
believed as sign or mark to ensure a girl's virginity (Brownson, 2017). Those communities that
follows female genital mutilation, the girls are generally subjected to powerful society pressure
which includes their family members and peers. In concern with hygienic and aesthetic, public
practicing female genital mutilation believes that a women's external genitalia are ugly and dirty
and it will continue to develop bigger with age so it is necessary to cut it away. According to this
community FGM girls are more beautiful and removing clitoris will make a girl hygienically
clean. Some of the communities has strong spiritual and religious belief that removing the
external genitalia is compulsory for every girl to make her spiritually clean and is required by
religion.
4.3 Possible consequences of contemporary thinking
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is consider as removal of clitoris, which is practices by
some communities to ensure their purity and virginity. There is no medical benefits to the
women while practicing female genital mutilation. In addition to this, it has been interpreted that
Female Genital Mutilation leads to many physical complications and mental health issues
throughout their life spans. The types of complications arises depends upon the type of FGM
surgery, types of sterile tools used and by whom the surgery is performed. Female Genital
Mutilation is concerned with both type of complication that is short term complication and long
term complications. Short term complications are those problems that arises just after the FGM
surgery. Some of the common short term complications includes swelling of vagina, dangerous
bleeding, pain, infection, trouble healing, trouble urinating and gangrene (Hadley and Hatch,
2018). Moreover, it is conclude that some of the late complications of FGM surgery includes
scars and cysts which can later effect or damage urinary bladder and urethra. However, scars can
later block urine and leads to blood bleeding out of the body. FGM has directly effects the
mental heath of women along with her sexual functioning. Women often suffers from anxiety,
depression and post-traumatic stress disorders in case of FGM surgery. At last but not the least,
in concern with chronic complication, women suffers with sexual dysfunction, scar formations,
infertility and difficult childbirth.
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The contemporary thinking of people in context of FGM that this is major and critical
attempt with females in certain areas which has crucial results. It includes that people are
educated enough and have broad thinking due to which problem of FGM gain a limelight at wide
context as people are aware about this horrible attempt with females. However, this problem
comes in broader context which gain concentration of government and other related authorities
in order to take strict legal actions to stop the FGM. In addition to this, positive thoughts of
citizen of country is favorable to encourage other individuals to take steps against FGM in
respect to prevent the same. It has been analyzed that sensationalism is observed in by which
mass media presents events in news stories & pieces over hyped to represent biased impressions
on events which may cause manipulation of truth of story. At the other hand, contemporary
thinking is positive in context of FGM which facilitate to motivate citizens in respect of reducing
this issue. Moreover, it will beneficial to female of those communities who prefer the attempt of
FGM in order to boost up their lives by securing their future and present respectively.
Human rights and health perspectives
Most importantly it emphasis and highlights gender inequality and this act is ex term
form of discrimination against women. Every women has the right to be free of this painful
physical torture. However, women and girls undergone through terrible attempt of FGM results
into several short and long term harmful impacts on their health.
Short term consequences of FGM
The short term con consequences consist severe infections and sepsis in genital tract of
females. However, it consist the critical pain which can leads to shock and severe problem of
tetanus may occur which is harmful for health of women and girls. In addition to this, it involves
the problem of urine retention and ulceration of genital region along with an injury to adjacent
tissues. Moreover, FGM results in high blood loss which many leads to death of females.
Long term consequences of FGM
The long term of consequences of FGM consist menstrual complications and extreme
painful sexual intercourse. Meanwhile, it includes complications on birth process and increase
risk of HIV/AIDS. It also involves repeated FGM due to unsuccessful healing and keloid
formation which is really harmful for health of females. Moreover, psychological trauma,
infertility and many many related issues take place later in life and can therefore go unreported
as a result of FGM.
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BIAS
The information through mass has been provided by using a propaganda,
sensationalisation, exaggeration, lies and fake news to make people interpret biased
knowledge. It also consist political biasness while giving information about FGM to public
because they used to publish only that data which is they make people hear or read. This
information is either better or worsen than reality which has been represented among people.
Selective use of Professional and political opinion
However, there is professional and political opinion which has been used while
publishing data related to FGM and its relevant consequences. In addition to this, religious
norms are also responsible for biased data presentation among citizens regarding FGM which is
not appropriate as real information should be provided to them in order to make aware about this
issue. It will facilitate to reduce short and long term consequences of FGM by preventing this
terrible attempt by certain communities on women.
At the other hand, it has been analyzed that sophisticated thoughts people and their
opinion to remain in Stone Age regarding views about health & social care facilities may create
several critical consequences. It is necessary to replace contemporary thoughts with modern
thoughts by gaining proper knowledge bout healthcare services because medical practice is
beneficial for girls faced FGM can be treated properly to reduce chance of risk. In addition to
this, it is evaluated that most contemporary issues can be considered as standards of health &
social care in hospitals including females suffering from FGM (Jones, 2013). Moreover, major
consequence of contemporary thinking is that people has little knowledge about health & social
care like appropriate information about FGM and its severe effects. Meanwhile, the
contemporary attitude of people is catastrophic as they do not want to change their wrong views
about various aspect of health and social care.
CONCLUSION
The above report had concluded that health and social care can be described about
medical field in which related organization provide desired services to solve health issues
properly. It include different perspective about given issues of female genital manipulation
which is non medical event containing severe effects on lives of females. Moreover, in
comparison to previous survey, people have changed their views about FGM and try to avoid the
same in present scenario.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016. Scope of practice in speech-language
pathology.
Brownson, R. C., 2017. Dissemination and implementation research in health: translating
science to practice. Oxford University Press.
Evans, T., 2016. Professional discretion in welfare services: Beyond street-level bureaucracy.
Routledge.
Hadley, R. and Hatch, S., 2018. Social welfare and the failure of the state: centralised social
services and participatory alternatives. Routledge.
Jones, K., 2013. Mental health and social policy, 1845-1959. Routledge.
Keleher, H. and MacDougall, C., 2015. Understanding health(No. Ed. 4). Oxford University
Press.
Kim, J. I., 2013. Levels of health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among
vulnerable elders receiving home visiting health care services in some rural areas.
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 24(1). pp.99-109.
Online
Women’s perspectives of female genital cutting: Q-methodology. 2018. [Online]. Available
through: <https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6874-14-
11>
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