Assignment on Psychology PDF

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Added on 2020-03-28

Assignment on Psychology PDF

Added on 2020-03-28

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Running head: PSYCHOLOGYPsychologyName of the Student Name of the University Author note

1PSYCHOLOGYAnswer to question 1: The developmental history of human beings indicates that nurture and nature both theexperience interact for the mental development of the human beings. After the birth of achild, a lifelong procedure for mutual adaption gets triggered within the broad socialsurroundings. The patterns and relationship of the childhood interactions during the earlystage of their lives serve as a prototype of the later life interactions; therefore it has a longimpact on the early mental development of the children. According to Bowlby, thedevelopment of the attachment within a child can be strongly attached to one of his or herearly age caregiver under certain circumstances, mostly when they are ill or tired. It has beenalso indicated that this attachment tends to develop with the responsive caregivers, mother inmost of the cases, from the age of six months to about two years of their age (Ryan, Deci &Vansteenkiste, 2016). During this time, the child receives constant and adequate amount ofnurturing and physical care. The most significant contribution of Bowlby in this field hasindicates that the caring and close interpersonal relationship with the young children andinfants with their early age caregivers is very important for their later developments. Duringthis period, the responsive and sensitive care giving is considered to be the major features forthe positive behavior in care giving. These are also considered to be a key player in triggeringthe positive mental and physical development for the young children. The sensitivity can beconsidered to be a major awareness feature for the infants. These ensure the development forthe vocalization and help them acting according to the signals they receive in the early life.The responsiveness of the caregivers also to the signals that the child sends, tend to increasetheir capacity of responding more contingently and in a suitable way. The attachment theorystates that the earlier relationships between the child and mother and the other caregivers actsas an underlying process for the relationship in their later life (Pearce, 2016). Any human

2PSYCHOLOGYchild cannot survive alone in the early ages; they need constant care physical nurture and carefrom their caregivers. This dependency between the child and caregivers also plays as aattachment formulation for the child. If any child is not nurtured adequately in the early ages,it is very much possible that they lack attachment in their later lives. Answer to question 2: The stress in early life tends to provide more exposure to various events during one’schildhood which may exceed the coping resources and may also lead to the extended stressphase. The term adversity in childhood refers to a wide set of exposures, mostly negative,during childhood which may include sexual and physical abuse, chronic poverty orinstitutional rearing. Several instances from the previous studies showed that childhoodadversity has been quite common factor which is associated with the consequent inception ofpsychopathology in the adulthood and adolescent period. Smith, Cowie & Blades (2015) hasindicated that most of the individuals who have been exposed to such adverse experiences inchildhood develop an elevated risk of having various kinds of mental disorders such asanxiety, mood swings, behavioral issues etc. A recent study has also shown that more thanthirty percent of the general population tends to have mental disorders in their later life due toadverse experiences in their early life. In addition to adversities, deprivation is anotherchildhood experience that can have a prolonged psychological impact on the mental health ofthe individual. Repeated experiences of deprivation and adversity also give birth topsychological resilience, capability of the individual of adapting the regular life activities ofsocially unfavorable. This is mostly a regular process which can develop unique personalabilities. There are many factors which help an individual to grow and sustain the resilience.After developing the ability the individual can have a positive self idea and believes inoneself (Goldberg, 2014). They also have the capability of making realistic plans and can

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