Diabetes and Preventive Measures

Running Head: DIABETES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 1
NURSING
STUDENT’S NAME
COURSE
UNIVERSITY
DATE

DIABETES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 2
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes results from various aspects in relation to the life style of the individuals such as poor
diet, inadequate physical exercise and obesity (Kohnert, Heinke, Vogt& Salzsieder, 2015).
Diabetes is one of the chronic health conditions that affect many people. Diabetes is one of the
health conditions that have adverse effects on the well-being of individuals in society. Diabetes
results from inadequate insulin production which is very crucial in sugar regulation in the body.
In the US, diabetes is among the top five deadliest diseases, and it does not have a specific cure
(Park, Cantrell, et al., 2017). Diabetes is categorized as one of the epidemics of this century and
one of the health problems that Australia faces. In Australia, most of the people are diagnosed
with diabetes on daily basis. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1.2 million people
who are estimated to be six percent of adult Australians have diabetes. The prevalence of
acquiring diabetes has also increased in three-fold for those who had diabetes from 1989 to 1990
and those from 2014 to 2015. The disease has taken a hard toll on the African American women;
the burden it poses on women is unique, since it affects the mother and the unborn child.
Research shows that the number of women in America facing diabetes complications is rising.
Pregnant women, who do not have diabetes, face the risk of getting gestational diabetes. This
essay shall explore diabetes and various regulatory measures against the disease for a better
tomorrow of society. The researcher aims to educate his readers on various aspects concerning
diabetes to come up with an effective strategy to deal with the disease accordingly. The essay
shall also explore a personal reflection on the strategies used by the researcher to control diabetes
after been diagnosed with some symptoms.

DIABETES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 3
Types of Diabetes and the SGLT2 treatment
Diabetes exists in two main classes’ type 1 diabetes and type 2. Diabetes type 1is very, and
around 5% of diabetes patients may be having it. The body system of type 1 diabetes patients is
not able to produce insulin(Polonsky, Hessler, Ruedy& Beck, 2017). The symptoms associated
with type 1 diabetes include extreme fatigue, severe hunger and thirst, weight loss, and constant
urination. The patients of this diabetes type experience the symptoms suddenly and severely than
those having diabetes type 2. The diagnosis of this form of diabetes is usually made early during
childhood or adolescence. However, the condition can develop at any time. It takes these patients
a short time to become dependent on insulin. Type 2 diabetes patients have insulin in the body
through the body cannot use it. The effects of this type of diabetes are different from type 1, as
glucose is accumulated in the body; the level of blood glucose rises. There is also slow
development of symptoms usually takes years. This type of diabetes may develop in the body of
an individual without their knowledge. The symptoms are almost similar to type 1 except blurry
vision, which is experienced in this type of diabetes and has injuries that do not heal quickly and
hardly resist infections. The Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a newly
improved type 2 diabetes medication. The SGLT2 medication, when taken along with healthy
feeding habits and regular exercise, improves the glycemic control. SGLT2 acts as protein in the
human body and helps in the facilitation of glucose reabsorption in the kidney, by blocking
kidney from reabsorbing glucose. They lower the levels of blood glucose. Diabetes specialists
claim SGLT2 inhibitors are agents that do not depend on insulin, with the adequate function of
the renal, lead to improvement of the glycemic control in T2DM patients. Dapagliflozin,

DIABETES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES 4
Canagliflozin, and empagliflozin to reduce body weight. The treatment is associated with urinary
tract and genital infections.
Diabetes specialists are conducting further assessments on side effects of the treatment of
cardiovascular outcomes, and they have also discovered that SGLT2 inhibitors can be used to
develop the treatment of T2DM further. The induction of glucose excretion to the inhibition of
the SGLT2 SGLT2 inhibitor is directly proportional to the amount of glucose the kidney filters,
and this function is performed by the plasma glucose concentration and the glomerular filtration
rate. The phenomenon leads to SGLT2 inhibitors numerous key mechanism considerations for
action. The first consideration being the increased concentration of plasma glucose, which leads
to increased filtration of glucose and with the help of SGLT2 could allow higher glucose
excretion. Secondly, SGLT2 inhibitors are not dependent on insulin, and it reduces with a
decrease in patient glucose. The intrinsic hypoglycemia with the medication of SGLT2 is low.
Additionally, the excretion of glucose as the inhibition of SGLT2 leads to a decrease in fat mass
and weight due to the loss of calories. The extra advantage addresses the two significant factors
of T2DM, which are the excess intake of calories and an increase in weight. The mild diuretic
effects of SGLT2 inhibitors lower the blood pressure of T2DM patients.