Illustrate Burden Of Diabetes Aboriginal

DIABETES ILLNESS AND CURRENT HEALTH ISSUE FOR ABORIGINAL
AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER AUSTRALIANS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
Diabetes heath issue.....................................................................................................................1
Current statistics to illustrate burden of diabetes Aboriginal and Torres strait islander as
differentiate between non-Aboriginal and Torres strait islander.................................................1
Ways in which history of colonization has impacted development of diabetes in Aboriginal
and Torres strait islander Australians..........................................................................................2
Discuss the impact of two social determinants............................................................................3
Cultural implications and obstacles.............................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a type of disease that occurs due to increase high blood glucose. It effects the body
and it becomes difficult for the body to manage the sugar level. Thus, diabetes can be increased
the diseases like heart diseases, kidney damage, stroke and nerve damage. Furthermore, due to
lack of awareness it harms the life of Torres strait islander people and Aboriginal.
The assignment is based on Diabetes illness or actual health issue for Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander Australians. The report will describe the health issues of Diabetes.
Furthermore, assignment will explain the current statics of diabetes on Aboriginal and Torres
strait islander people as compared to non-Aboriginal and Torres strait islander people. Moreover,
report will highlight the history of colonization and discus the impact of social determinants.
Lastly, report will elaborate the cultural implication and obstacles to identify the diabetes issues.
MAIN BODY
Diabetes heath issue
Diabetes is one of the most commonly found disease which is mainly caused due to high
blood sugar level. Diabetes develops when body does not mane sufficient insulin or does not
respond to it, due to which sugar level within blood increases. With increasing blood sugar level,
it becomes difficult for body to manage and store sugar in cells due to which efficiency of human
body decreases (What, 2015). It is categorised into two different groups such as one diabetes and
two diabetes. These are the most common found diabetes is type two diabetes. One out of every
5 individual is suffering from diabetes.
Current statistics to illustrate burden of diabetes Aboriginal and Torres strait islander as
differentiate between non-Aboriginal and Torres strait islander.
The gap between the health issues relate diabetes of Aboriginal & Torres strait islander and
non-aboriginal & Torres islander Australians are well documented. There are different type of
programs and policies working on to improve accurate result or outcome (Hays & et.al. 2015).
Despite this type of efforts, the actual life expectancy become less than 10-11 year than the other
non- aboriginal Torres Australians, approximately 65% people death before the age of 65 years
and also compared with the non- Aboriginal & Torres islander people with 19%.
Metabolic diseases such as diabetes which is responsible for generating life expectancy gap
associated with the higher mortality rate and hospitalisation. In 2013, the hospitalisation rate for
diabetes diseases were 1.6 to 2.5 times higher in the Indigenous Australian people depending on
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age while adults or young people die from diabetes as non- Aboriginal & Torres strait islander
people because aboriginal face the problem two type of diabetes which are ten times greater to be
hospitalised than non- aboriginal islander.
In this way, it has been acknowledged that hospitalisation is poor indicator of true
prevalence of complications regarding diabetes with different community. It helps for identifying
the burden of heath diseases associated with the diagnosis of diabetes and higher in the
population of Indigenous in Australia (Hoy & et.al. 2017).
Currently, age of onset to critical condition through diabetes which is significantly occurs
in young generation of indigenous than non-indigenous peoples. This type of condition
continuous to increase the rate of health issues in young people. As per survey, it can be
determined that western Australian indicate the discrepancy with two type of diabetes where
12%-person year in the indigenous young people age in between 16 or less than as compare to
0.6 in non-indigenous young people, which strikes difference between them. As per study of
New south wales that there are two types of diabetes 6.1 times common among Aboriginal &
Torres islander young people than other non- Aboriginal.
These statistical illustrate must be indicated the extent of health issues regarding diabetes,
despite likely diagnostic under estimation. When many children manage the primary care rather
than the diabetes services that’s why, it will increase the incidence in the young people.
Ways in which history of colonization has impacted development of diabetes in Aboriginal and
Torres strait islander Australians.
The history evidence of colonization suggests that influence on the Aboriginal & Torres
strait islander Australians, who are survived infancy relatively fit or diseases free. The Native
food of Australian contributed towards good health and semi-nomadic active life style kept
people physically.
The colonization of Australia from 1788 had tremendous effects on the Aboriginal &
Torres strait islander population. It was frequently conflict happens among indigenous people
and disruption of life because aboriginal peoples are becoming fringe dweller in the social
community. It has extremely increase death rate and lower birth rate (Pearson & et.al. 2016).
The First consequences of British colonisation settlement appeared in 1789 April when it
increases the diseases such as Smallpox, chickenpox but the most common disease is diabetes
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which spread in youth aboriginal & Torres strait islander and develop worst situation because the
population decline was increased more rapidly.
The second consequence of British settlement was appropriation of water resources
where Aboriginal people were having no such concept of land ownership. In fact, they loss their
food sources and water resources. In this way, they were consumed more sugar in their food
items and having due to lack of awareness or knowledge. It will increase the diseases of diabetes,
especially in young children’s and adults (Hill & et.al. 2017).
There are several types of factor increase the decline in physical or mental health of
aboriginal population due to colonization. It may introduce new diseases by the settler and
destruction of resources, lifestyle which leading poverty and marginalization. It also changing
their food habits and always use refine sugar on regular basis, which increased the sugar level
and face problem of diabetes after colonization.
Discuss the impact of two social determinants
Many households in Torres Strait Islander communities are considered overcrowded. A
situation that can lead the wide range of health problem. Thus, the people of Torres Strait
Islander experience social economic disfavour on all major factors. For example,
At the 2001, the unemployment rate is high in the Torres Strait Islander communities as
the rate was 20%; 3 times high than the proportion for non-Indigenous Australians. Thus, this
issue is affect the standard of life of Indigenous people and people are cannot easily survive
(Hyde & et.al. 2018). It affects the health directly or indirectly. On the other side, Torres Strait
Islander student also not highly educated due to lack of income as well lack of knowledge about
the education. This both issue affect the life of persons which described as follows -
 Education and literacy - low teaching and literacy are the reason of poor health as lack
of knowledge is affects the people life. There are many reasons which arise the health
issues and diabetes like interaction infections through lack of hygiene from poor cleaning
and close touch with others and eating unhygienic food and not follow proper dieting etc.
This all are the reason which increase the diabetes (Anderson & et.al. 2015). On the other
side, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities depends and survive their life by
sharing a single toilet, and the bore water supply. This all the situation is arisen the health
issues and high level of sugar level within blood is Increase the symptoms of Diabetes.
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Thus, poor education and literacy is affects the health and reduce the capacity of people
earn the health education. .
 Poor income - The another social issue is poor income. Lack of money reduces the
availability of medical services and medicines for the Torres Strait Islander. Thus,
without enough money they cannot survive and they cannot purchase the medicines and
medical service. Poor infant diets is increase the level of diabetes. Due to lack of income
people are not educated, unlearned aboriginal people, they faced poor education which
then reduce their ability to adopt message on the proper and appropriate sustenance or the
right formulation of nutritious food. It leads the diabetes level among the people.
Cultural implications and obstacles
Cultural implications due to which addressing diabetes as a health issue is difficult in
Aboriginal people are poverty, insufficient education and poor communication to health services.
These cultural implications works as an obstacle for aboriginal people in addressing diabetes
among them. As most of the Aboriginal people are poor and have poor communication to health
services they do not have any knowledge or does not know any way through which they can
address diabetes(Anderson & et.al. 2015). Most of them are uneducated and have lack of
knowledge related to diabetes. This is one of the main obstacles due to which it becomes difficult
for them to identify symptoms of diabetes and way through which they can reduce its effect.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it concluded that Diabetes is the most common diseases that
harm the body. Thus, it affects the life of Torres Strait Islander as result 50 % people facing the
diabetes issue due to lack of information, literacy and unhealthy life. The report has seeks to
demonstrated the connections between low socio-economic status and poorness, and health
outcomes. It also reflects the non- enjoyment or non-recognition of their human rights and of
their well-defined social characteristics. Lastly, report has described the history of colonization
that harm the life of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Anderson, D., & et.al. (2015). First genome-wide association study in an Australian aboriginal
population provides insights into genetic risk factors for body mass index and type 2
diabetes. PLoS One. 10(3). e0119333.
Hays, R., & et.al. (2015). Does Strongyloides stercoralis infection protect against type 2 diabetes
in humans? Evidence from Australian Aboriginal adults. Diabetes research and clinical
practice . 107(3). 355-361.
Hill, K., & et.al. (2017). Social disparities in the prevalence of diabetes in Australia and in the
development of end stage renal disease due to diabetes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islanders in Australia and Maori and Pacific Islanders in New Zealand. BMC public
health. 17(1). 802.
Hoy, W. E., & et.al. (2017). Absence of APOL1 risk alleles in a remote living Australian
Aboriginal group with high rates of CKD, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular
disease. Kidney international. 91(4). 990.
Hyde, Z., & et.al. (2018). Mortality in a cohort of remote-living Aboriginal Australians and
associated factors. PloS one. 13(4). e0195030.
Pearson, O., & et.al. (2016). The South Australian Aboriginal Diabetes Strategy 2017–2021.
What, W. (2015). First Peoples, Second Class Treatment.
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