Diabetes Management | Nursing Assignment

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT 1
Nursing Assignment
Name of Student
Institutional Affiliation

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Nursing Assignment
Scholarly literature and clinical research have been used to investigate and solve different
healthcare problems. The evidence gathered from healthcare studies have presented essential
insights that have been adopted when making decisions, implementing programs, and designing
treatment frameworks. Management of lifelong illnesses remains a key concern among scholars
(Berglund, 2014; Heggdal, 2013). This paper presents a critical review of three studies
addressing different issues associated with diabetes 2.
Summary and Synthesis
The first article by Burke et al. (2014) addressed the issue of the partnership between
educators and nurses to improve treatment outcomes among patients. The justification of the
study was the nature of diabetes as a chronic, and progressive condition that requires a
multidimensional intervention. The qualitative study assessed the role of self-management
educators in diabetes management. The scholars ascertained that diabetes educators form an
integral part of the professionals needed to improve patient outcomes. The study concluded that
educators could play a key role in enhancing the implementation of the seven self-care behaviors
by diabetes patients. Such a move, as outlined in the study, could enhance the effectiveness of
diabetes interventions. Furthermore, the study pointed out that through diabetes education,
practitioners can foster positive behavioral change beyond varied and complex social settings.
The second study by Johansson et al. (2015) focused on the balance between anxiety and
control among diabetes patients as they struggle to cope up with the condition. The
phenomenological study gathered data from 12 patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, which were
analyzed using a reflective lifeworld approach. The scholars found out that when patients

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recognize early enough that their bodies are undergoing significant changes in terms of blood
sugar level fluctuation, then they can take control measures by taking self-responsibility at an
early stage. However, failure to do this could result in anxiety, which compromises the ability of
the patient to take control.
The third study by Mohammadi et al. (2017) investigated the degree of effectiveness of
ACT on diabetes type 2 patients’ perceived stress, self-efficacy, and resilience. The study was
justified by the prevalence of perceived stress and other psycho-cognitive factors that impede
patient outcomes and self-management effectiveness. The research collected data from a total of
32 participants who were divided into two equal sets representing the experimental and control
group. From the study, the use of ACT among diabetes type 2 patients is associated with a
significant level of reduced self-efficacy and perceived stress scores. The scholars showed that
the control group did not depict any difference. Additionally, when it comes to the level of
resilience, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
Patterns, Commonalities, and Inconsistencies
The three studies depict a specific pattern when it comes to the investigation of quality
treatment outcomes among diabetes patients. The period before, during, and after treatment
interventions are associated with distinct patient experiences and outcomes. The three studies
have shown that the assessment of these outcomes requires a multidimensional approach. Taking
a qualitative and quantitative perspective presents a comprehensive picture regarding the
treatment and psycho-cognitive factors. The three studies incorporated a qualitative approach
when assessing the treatment frameworks, interventions, and patient outcomes. Burke et al.
(2014) took a qualitative dimension to address the issue of partnership with diabetes educators,
which enabled the scholars to articulate the role of such a partnership on improved patient

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outcomes. Johansson et al. (2015) adopted the Reflective Lifeworld Research (RLR) method,
which is an example of phenomenological epistemology. The approach allows both the
researchers and the participants to embrace openness. In this case, the scholars could assess how
patients are maneuvering with anxiety and control associated with diabetes management.
Mohammadi et al. (2017) used a quasi-experimental combined with a post-follow-up stage. The
combination of the two approaches made it possible for scholars to assess psycho-cognitive
factors affecting effective diabetes management among patients. It is evident from the three
studies that a diverse approach to research methodology presents a precise understanding of
diabetes self-management factors.
Additionally, the three studies are associated with a common theme. Across the three
papers, there is an emphasis on the need to improve the patient experience and outcomes among
diabetes patients. Burke et al. (2014) introduced the concept of partnership with diabetes
educators with the primary objective of improving the outcomes that characterize treatment
interventions. Johansson et al. (2015) dedicated their analysis of how patients could mitigate
anxiety and enhance their control to improve their experience while living with diabetes. The
finding ascertained how proper management of anxiety and development of resilience increases
one’s ability to deal with diabetes. Additionally, Mohammadi et al. (2017) recommended the use
of ACT as an intervention that could be used to manage and mitigate perceived stress and
encourage resilience and self-efficacy among diabetes type 2 patients. From the three studies, it
is apparent that there is a need to improve patient outcomes among those diagnosed with diabetes
through collaboration with educators, the use of ACT, and self-management to reduce anxiety
and foster control. At the same time, the three studies ascertain that the process of improving
patients’ experience and outcomes in diabetes cases requires a multidimensional approach.

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A critical review of the three papers indicates that there are no notable conflicts of
interest or inconsistencies in terms of literature, approach, and recommendations. The authors
strived to present the intended evidence with clarity and precision while acknowledging the vast
nature of scholarly evidence existing in the areas under investigation. However, the work by
Burke et al. (2014) focused on diabetes educators but did not mention the role of social workers
and other healthcare systems and frameworks that could be adopted to improve self-management
among patients. For example, the paper did not link the role of diabetes educators to technology,
which is a wave that is cutting across all disciplines. On the other hand, when addressing the
issue of anxiety and control, Johansson et al. (2015) did not accommodate other variables
relating to anxiety among diabetes patients. Several psycho-cognitive factors affect one’s control
over a condition beyond the effects of the actual diagnosis. Moreover, the study by Mohammadi
et al. (2017) pointed how ACT can be an effective intervention for psycho-cognitive function
among diabetes patients; however, the findings depicted that there was no significant difference
in terms of resilience between the control group and the experimental group.
Literature Gaps Presented
Diabetes management is a critical concern in healthcare (Frost et al., 2014; Bostrom et
al., 2014). Based on the findings of the three studies, there is a need for further studies to present
the reliable and efficient strategies that could be adopted to improve the experience and patient
outcomes among those diagnosed with diabetes. Future studies should focus on the need for
comprehensive, sustainable, and multidimensional interventions that will focus on both the
psycho-cognitive factors as well as self-management needs to complement interpositions from
medical practitioners. The gap depicted in these three papers is justified by the current evidence
that ascertains how degenerative outcomes among diabetes patients have been exacerbated by a

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lack of knowledge on self-management as well as inadequate psychological support (Bostrom et
al., 2014; Kent et al., 2013).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the management of diabetes remains a key concern among scholars and
healthcare practitioners. The three papers reviewed in this excerpt have focused on patient
outcomes by considering the role of educators, ACT, and anxiety management and control.
Through clinical studies, several recommendations have been tabled to improve self-
management and control among patients; however, there is a need for further analysis to present
concrete evidence of how these strategies could be combined to guarantee quality outcomes.

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References
Berglund, M. (2014). Learning turning points In life with long-term illness Visualized with the
life-world philosophy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-
being, 9; 22842. Doi: 10.3402/qhw.v9.22842
Bostrom, E., Isaksson, U., Lundman, B., Graneheim, U. H., & Hornsten, A. (2014). Interaction
between diabetes specialist nurses and patients during group sessions about self-
management in type 2 diabetes. Patient Educ Couns, 94; 18792.
Burke, S. D., Sherr, D., & Lipman, R. D. (2014). Partnering with diabetes educators to improve
patient outcomes. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 7;
45–53. Doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S40036
Frost, J., Garside, R., Cooper, C., & Britten, N. (2014). A qualitative synthesis of diabetes self-
management strategies for long term medical outcomes and quality of life in the UK.
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Heggdal, K. (2013). Utilizing bodily knowledge in patients with chronic illness in the promotion
of their health: A grounded theory study. Californian Journal of Health Promotion,
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Johansson, K., Almerud, S. O., Leksell, J., & Berglund, M. (2015). Maneuvering between
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phenomenological study. Int. J Qualitative Stud Health Well-Being, 10; 27147. Doi:
10.3402/qhw.v10.27147

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Kent, D., D’Eramo-Melkus, G., Stuart, P. M. (2013). Reducing the risks of diabetes
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Mohammadi, M. K., Ghorbani, M., & Tabatabaei, F. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance
and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Self-Efficacy, Perceived Stress, and Resiliency in
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