Diabetes Mellitus (Type II): Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Treatment and Relevance to Nursing Practice

DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE II)
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Brief overview of disease
 Diabetes mellitus is a group of
metabolic disorder characterized by
hyperglycemia which resulted from a
defected secretion of insulin from the
body.
 Approximate 27 million people in
Australia are suffering from the
diabetes mellitus.
 Courcoulas et al. (2015). highlighted
that because of environmental factors
such as overweight, family history,
having a sedentary lifestyle prediabetic
causes insulin resistance and defected
beta cells of body which further give
rise to the type II diabetes.
Figure : diabetes mellitus
type ii
source: (Rubino et al.,
2016)

Homeostasis of the system in
diabetic patient
 Homeostasis is defined as a state of the steady
internal condition mentioned by living things. The
dynamic state of equilibrium is the condition
optimum for the body which varies organism to
organism as well as body conditions such as
temperature and fluid balance of the body (Marso et
al., 2016).
 Insulin stimulates the glycogen formation from
glucose which further help in balancing the blood
glucose level.
 Patient with diabetes are failed to produce and thus
their blood glucose level is not at homeostasis that
further started affected other organs of body.
 To maintain the homeostasis , patient is required to
inject insulin, consume medications and exercise to
maintain homeostasis of the body.
Figure : diabetes
mellitus type ii
source: (Rubino et
al., 2016)

Pathophysiology
The pancreases secrete insulin in
the bloodstream where it circulates
in the blood to lower the blood
sugar level through inducing
glucose metabolism.
glucose level increased in the blood
due to glycogen metabolism the
insulin-producing beta cells in the
pancreases started secreting more
insulin (Forslund et al., 2015)
Obesity, prediabetic
symptoms
sedentary
lifestyle
Fast food or
high sugar /fat
containing food
family
history
cells become impaired
to meet the demand of
Give rise to diabetes
mellitus and affected
other organs

Diagram of pathophysiology
Figure: pathophysiology of diabetes
Source : (Forslund et al., 2015)

Symptoms:
 Excessive Urination
 Excessive Thirst
 Dry Mouth
 Fatigue
 Increased Hunger
(Papademetriou et al., 2017)
 Loss Of Consciousness
 Blurry Vision
 Excessive Sweating
 Slurred Speech
Figure : diabetes
Source :
(Papademetriou et al.,
2017)