Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is defined as the disease that inhibits the human body from utilising the energy and the pancreases produces no insulin or extremely little amount of insulin. There are two types of diabetes mellitus namely type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are various causes of diabetes mellitus also known as the risk factors that is responsible for increasing the threat of diabetes mellitus.

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DIABETES MELLITUS
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Diabetes mellitus is defined as the disease that inhibits the human body from utilising
the energy and the pancreases produces no insulin or extremely little amount of insulin. There
are two types of diabetes mellitus namely type 2 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes
mellitus. There are various causes of diabetes mellitus also known as the risk factors that is
responsible for increasing the threat of diabetes mellitus, which are as follows
(Betterhealth.vic.gov.au, 2019):
 Overweight and obesity
 High blood pressure
 Smoking
 Physical stress like illness or surgery
 Autoimmune diseases
 Age
 Insulin resistance
 Family history of diabetes mellitus
 Consumption of medicines such as steroids
 Injury of pancreases
 Abnormal triglyceride or cholesterol level
There is no such cure for diabetes mellitus, but different treatment techniques help the
patient to manage and control their symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Some recent advances are
suggested for helping the patient suffering from diabetes mellitus such as replacing the
missing cells through cell therapy, beta cell replacement therapy, immunotherapy, automated
treatment using artificial or superficial pancreas, GLP-1 drugs, artificial pancreas and
medication treatment. The level of blood sugar is usually maintained by using effective
medicine such as oral metformin, which is considered as the major class of drug for treating

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the condition of diabetes. Bydureon is also used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Kaeberlein, Rabinovitch & Martin, 2015).
The primary role of kidney is to remove the waste from the blood and maintain the salt
and fluid level within the human body. The main cause of kidney or renal failure is diabetes
mellitus that is associated with high blood sugar level. The person suffering from diabetes
have injured small blood vessels, which inhibit the kidney to effectively clean the blood. The
human body will therefore retain excess amount of sugar and water that will result in
swelling of ankle and weight gain. Hence, the severe diabetic condition result in renal or
kidney failure (National Kidney Foundation, 2019).
There are two major recommendations that should be followed by the patient to delay the
condition of renal failure namely controlling the blood pressure and diabetes. The patient
should maintain their blood sugar level within an acceptable range and consume their
medicines as prescribed by the doctor. The blood pressure can be maintained by consuming
medicines that will protect the kidney and also maintain the blood pressure within the proper
range. Effective lifestyle management should also be followed by the patient that will help
them to lead a healthy life.
Losing weight is the major concern for the diabetic patient and even the doctors suggest
them to maintain their weight and exercise regularly. The diabetic patient should consume
1,200 and 1,800 calories per day for women and 1,400 and 2,000 calories per day for men. In
order to maintain weight, the patient should eat fruits, whole grains, vegetables, low-fat or
non-fat milk, beans and carbohydrates. The patient should select healthy carbohydrates and
include them in their diabetes meal plan. The high fibre content food will be beneficial for the
patient to control or manage their blood sugar level associated with intake of proteins (Gray,
2015).

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References
Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. (2019). Diabetes and kidney failure. Retrieved 28 July 2019, from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/ConditionsAndTreatments/diabetes-and-
kidney-failure
Gray, A. (2015). Nutritional recommendations for individuals with diabetes. In Endotext
[Internet]. MDText. com, Inc..
Kaeberlein, M., Rabinovitch, P. S., & Martin, G. M. (2015). Healthy aging: the ultimate
preventative medicine. Science, 350(6265), 1191-1193.
National Kidney Foundation. (2019). Diabetes - A Major Risk Factor for Kidney Disease.
Retrieved 28 July 2019, from https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/diabetes