Diagrams for Meiosis and Mitosis with Importance in Gamete Formation and Variation

Running head: DIAGRAMS
Diagram
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1DIAGRAMS
Question 2
Meiosis:
Figure 1: Diagram showing Meiosis [source: Genome.gov 2018

2DIAGRAMS
The various steps involved are:
Prophase 1- each chromosome duplicates and remains closely associated. These
are called sister chromatids. Crossing over can occur during the latter part of the stage.
At the diplotene stage the chiasma formation takes place that leads to crossing over.
Metaphase 1- Homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate and these
lead to the formation of bivalents.
Anaphase 1- Bivalents separate with the sister chromatids remaining together.
Telophase 1- Two daughter cells are formed with each of the daughter cells
containing the only one chromosome of the bivalents.
Metaphase 2- Chromosome gets aligned at the equatorial plate.
Anaphase 2- Centromeres divide and the sister chromatids move separately to
each of the poles.
Telophase 2- Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained.
Importance of meiosis in gamete formation
The main objective from the occurrence of meiosis is the formation of four new cells
from a somatic cell. The four cells formed each consists of the half of the chromosomes found in
the somatic cells. Within the humans the four gametes have 23 chromosomes each. The 46 sets
of chromosomes consist of 2 sets. Humans are diploid organisms. One set of chromosomes are
received from each parent when the gametes fuse. Thus, human gametes are haploid.