Exploring the Relationship between Dietary Flavonoids and AMD

HEALTH SCIENCES
NAME
REG NO
COURSE
Student Name 1

Q. 1. (i) Identify the study design used in this study and briefly explain (in your own words)
how this specific study design was used to carry out this piece of research. (4 marks)
Randomized Controlled Trials(RCTs) are used to test the ampleness or practicality of a specific,
treatment, treatment, or medication. RCTs are believed to be the Gold Standard in clinical
primers. The arrangement incorporates the making of two specific social affairs the "treatment"
and the "no treatment" get-togethers. Individuals in the examination are indiscriminately
delegated to one social occasion or the other. Individuals in the treatment assemble get a
particular treatment – for example, a pill – while the general population in the no treatment
(control) gather get nothing, or in quiet examinations get a "phony treatment" – a fraud pill
which has no helpful attributes. Around the complete of the examination, the aftereffects of the
two social occasions can be evaluated and the treatment surveyed. Most examinations are
twofold blinded, inferring that neither the general population appreciating the examination, nor
the authorities know to which store up the individuals have a place in the midst of the appraisal
time span.
(ii) Identify the independent and dependent variable(s) in this study. You must be specific
with your answers to get full marks. (2 marks)
The dependent variables are the dietary factors while the independent variables are the
demographic and geographic risk factors.
(iii) Use paraphrasing to explain what the objective of this study was in your own words.
For this question you are expected to demonstrate a clear understanding of the
objective/aim of the study. (2 marks)
Student Name 2

In this exploratory examination, we expected to evaluate the autonomous relationship between
dietary admission of aggregate flavonoids and normal flavonoid classes with the predominance
and 15-y frequency of AMD.
Q. 2. The methods section of the study states:
“Dietary data were collected with the use of a 145-item self-administered food-frequency
questionnaire (FFQ)...Participants used a 9-category frequency scale to indicate the usual
frequency of consumption of individual food items during the past year,” (Gopinath et al. 2018,
p. 2)
(iv) Describe two types of bias which could be at play given the above situation. (NOTE:
You have been introduced to two types of bias in this unit, however, you may have to use
credible sources such as reputable websites or textbooks to investigate other types of bias to
inform your answers to this question). (4 marks)
Irregular Error
By shot, the people arbitrarily chose in dietary reviews may not be illustrative of the reference
populace. Utilizing measurable hypothesis, one can infer least gauges of this inspecting mistake,
which would be expanded by different wellsprings of inconstancy, for example, those talked
about in this section.
Precise predisposition
At the point when there are a few segments to the gathering of information, less people may react
in one segment than in another. For instance, less people may finish dietary journals than react to
Student Name 3

a family unit meet. This inclination would be particularly risky if the individuals who finished
journals were preferable composed and better instructed over the individuals who were just met.
(v) Based on what we have learned about scales of measurement in this unit, name the
scale of measurement used by implementing a ‘9-category frequency scale’ and briefly
justify your answer. (2 marks)
Nominal Scale. This scale uses the variable which are placed into categories. The frequency
scale used here classifies it to the nominal scaling.
Q. 3. (i) “In exploratory analyses, we assessed associations with the prevalence and 15-y
incidence of AMD, which were the primary endpoints,” (Gopinath et al. 2018, p.3).
Using credible sources such as reputable websites or textbooks investigate the meaning of the
terms ‘incidence’ and ‘prevalence’ in the context of health research and explain what they mean
in relation to this study regarding AMD. (4 marks)
Predominance alludes to the aggregate number of people in a populace who have an illness or
wellbeing condition at a particular timeframe, generally communicated as a level of the
populace.
Frequency alludes to the quantity of people who build up a particular illness or experience a
particular wellbeing related occasion amid a specific era, (for example, multi month or year).
Student Name 4