Dietary Reference Values and Health

This assignment delves into the crucial role of dietary reference values (DRVs) in promoting health and well-being. It emphasizes how DRVs provide essential guidelines for individuals to make informed food choices, understand nutrient requirements at different life stages, and address potential health concerns. The essay further explores the impact of DRVs on public health policies and recommendations.

Dietary Reference Values and Major
Changes in Nutritional Requirements

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Diet reference values.................................................................................................4
Illustration 2: changes in nutritional requirements.........................................................................8
Illustration 3: food diet chart............................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Diet references value (DRV) plays an important role in the human body because it
describes which food is healthy for the children and of different age group people. For better
convenience it is divided into three parts where first one is based on RNI it means references
nutrient intake which represents that approximately 95% population of UK meet with their
requirements (Hurrell and Egli, 2010). Second one is based on EAR, it represents estimated
average requirement which means approximately 50% population meet their meets and desires
which are related to food and the last one is based on LRNI. It shows that only 5% people's need
and desire are met. The LRNI denote to lower recommended nutrition take. Present report is
based on the requirements of nutrition's and dietary references values. The value of DRVs, its
goals and recommendation all things have been covered in this essay.
MAIN BODY
According to Fenech (2010), human body needs different kinds of nutrition and all are
important for the better development of human body. The government of UK mainly
concentrates on the diet of people so for this they have sufficient time to organize heath camp
and aware people like which food item is fit for their health and which one is not. But, Del Valle
and Ross (2011) have stated that this work is usually undertaken by (COMA) committee on
medical aspects of food and nutrition (Fenech, 2010). Nowadays, COMA has been replaced by
scientific advisory committee on nutrients (SACN). But, as per my views, direct reference value
estimated the amounts of energy and food item which are necessary for different age groups.
This reference values are based on some groups which are as follows:
Boys and girls In this it covers different age groups like 0-3 month,4-6 month,7-9 month,1-
5 year and 5-10 year etc.
Males In this the age group which are covered is as follows; 11-14 year,15-18 year
and 20+ age groups
Females For female it is based on 11-14 years,15-18 years, 20+ years and at the time
of pregnancy and breastfeeding.
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For better understanding diet references value (DRVs) it is divided into three parts which
are as follows:
EAR-It represents the average requirement which is necessary for all kinds of people but
only 50% people can meet with their requirements.
RNI- In this approximately 98.5 people are in need of this kind of nutrition but in actual
the majority is less.
LRNI- It is a nutrient which is enough for the small numbers of peoples and
approximately 2.5% people can meet the desire, other people are not aware about all these
things.
Safe intake- these things are used when there is insufficient evidence of EAR, RNI and
LRNI.
For every person the nutritious demand and need is different so people cannot compare
one person to other person as the time of nutrition's (Del Valle and Ross, 2011). Tables shown
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Below explains the nutrients required for different life stages and they are as follows:
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Age groups Description
Infants First fourth month of life is considered as the growing life of person
so this time it is important to provide all healthy living items to new
born child. Between 6-12 months, it is necessary to give them
protein, thiamine, niacin and children power increase.
1-3 years In this age the energy requirements increases so for this age children
needs vitamin D, calcium and protein items to live healthy life
4-6 years Need for energy, protein, minerals and avoid vitamin C and D
7-12 years All vitamins and minerals except thiamine and iron products
13-15 years In boys it is necessary to increase the rate of vitamin and for girl's it
is necessary to gain more vitamin D and minerals items.
Pregnancy Required healthier item, more vitamin and protectionism.
The government of UK time to time organizes health camp and provides knowledge to
their people about which food item is good for them and which one is not. Government recently
has launched its new diet recommendations which are as follows:
Nutrients % food energy
Total fat Reduce the energy and try to reduce it not
more than 38%
Saturated fat Decrease it more than 12 %
Total carbohydrate Not more than 10%
alcohol Try to avoid and if person taking it so try it
should not be consumed more than 5% in the
daily diet.
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For women- Should not drink regularly and if
they do so only use 2-4 unit in each day
for men-3-5 unit in each day but try to avoid it
Salt For adult-not more than 5 grams
1-3 year-2 gram salt in a day
4-8 years- 5 gram salt
above 10-9 gram salt in one day
The major changes in nutritional requirements
Buttet and Reidy (2010) stated that the nutrition change is needed as per the cycle of age.
If person want to live happy and healthy life then it is important for them to change their diet as
per the life cycle changes. In the contrast, Further, as per Kennel and Hurley, (2010) here are
some nutritious need as per the age which is as follows:
 people need wide variety of food which contains lots of nutrients
 Drink water on daily basis
 try to avoid fast food
 eat proteins and vitamins items
 Go for a walk
 Maintain the daily food chart etc
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Food for babies (six to 12 months)
In accordance with Kennel and Hurley (2010), for babies, it is necessary to provide them
food which is full of nutrients and energy. Breast milk is one of the best food times for this age
group, so it is necessary to provide breastfeeding four times once in day. Try to avoid fruit juice,
ice creams and any other artificial milk.
But accordion to my opinion, babies in this age group should be provided with milk, rice
item, iron and zinc, pure cook food items. Further, in food item do not add salt, sugar and honey
ingredients. Avoid cow milk and try to provide breast milk at the starting age. Try to provide
fruit juice and change the food item within in a week.
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Illustration 2: changes in nutritional
requirements

Food for young children
According to Gill, Smith and Wilkinson (2010), once child eating solid food item so it is
family responsibility to provide them healthy food and try to avoid junk foods like burger,
chocolates etc. The main reason behind this is that they are in growing age so try to give them
lots of protein items. Further, Kennel and Hurley, (2010) stated that during childhood, food
needs are basically based on lots of protein, vitamins and it increases with age. Reduce fat milk
because it is increase the fat and reduce the level of energy.
Food for children who are entering in teenage
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Illustration 3: food diet chart

In this age children plays lot of games so they need lot of energy. Therefore they must be
provided fruits, energy items, milk, breads, egg etc. Try to avoid alcoholic items like tobacco,
bear etc.
Food items for young adult
Make a diet chart for this age groups because all people are engaged in their work. Try to
avoid alcoholic items, reduce the amount of fats and salt in the food (Flint, Scott and Duncan,
2012). Eat healthy items and most important to have food on particular time.
Food for pregnant women
As per the views of Gill, Smith and Wilkinson, (2010), pregnant woman should
concentrate on her body or their child. So for them it is important to have all healthy items, ice
creams, milk and egg as well as gain more protein and vitamin D items. On the other hand,
Buttet and Reidy (2010) stated that the main reason behind this is that in this time lady gains
approximate 10-15 kg weight. So, for this, body requires more food items. In this time try to
avoid alcoholic items because it puts negative impact on their child. Concentrate on diet chart
and eat quality food item as compared to quantity items. As per my opinion, human body needs
more oxygen so they should try to eat iron products and vitamin C, drink plenty of water, do not
smoke and time to time consult with the doctors.
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Nutritious diet for breastfeeding mother
Eat enough food and this can recover the damages of the body. Try to eat more liquid
products and food items which contain fat, float, iodine and proteins. Eat and drink regular milk
so by this baby can easily get more milk. Avoid alcoholic items.
Food or older people
As per the words of Flint, Louis and Duncan (2012), in this stage, stamina of body goes
down. So in this stage it is necessary to prepare a diet chart and follow the same. Encourage the
muscle mass and do exercises on daily basics. Eat light food and drink lots of juicy item. In this
contrast as per, Del Valle and Ross (2011).Try to avoid alcoholic items and eat more healthy
items like fish, egg, legumes and seeds. The most important thing which they have to be
considered is to avoid spicy food and do not overcook the food (How Nutritional Needs Change
as You Age, 2015). Share the best time with the relatives and family members and try to avoid
overdose of salt and sugar
According to my views, it is very important to timely consult with the doctors and follows
their advice. Register their name in health community centre. By this, the government authorities
guide people by their new policies and recommends on every area.
CONCLUSION
According to the present essay it has been concluded that the dietary reference values
plays an important role because with the help of these people can understand which food item is
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good for their heath and how they recover their bad health with the help of this. On other hand,
by following the diet chart people can recover the damages which are related to their health and
can live a happy and healthy life.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Butte, N. F. and Reidy, K. C., 2010. Nutrient intakes of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers
meet or exceed dietary reference intakes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
110(12). pp.S27-S37.
Del Valle, H. B. and Ross, A. C. eds., 2011. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin
D. National Academies Press.
Fenech, M. F., 2010. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for
genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. The American
journal of clinical nutrition. 91(5). pp.1438S-1454S.
Flint, H. J., Scott, K. P., Louis, P. and Duncan, S. H., 2012. The role of the gut microbiota in
nutrition and health. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 9(10). pp.577-
589.
Gill, M., Smith, P. and Wilkinson, J. M., 2010. Mitigating climate change: the role of domestic
livestock. Animal. 4(3). pp.323-333.
Hurrell, R. and Egli, I., 2010. Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values. The American
journal of clinical nutrition. 91(5). pp.1461S-1467S.
Kennel, K. A., Drake, M. T. and Hurley, D. L., 2010, August. Vitamin D deficiency in adults:
when to test and how to treat. In Mayo Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 85, No. 8, pp. 752-758).
Elsevier.
Munro, H. N. ed., 2012. Mammalian protein metabolism (Vol. 4). Elsevier.
Online
How Nutritional Needs Change as You Age. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/features/nutritional-needs-change-as-you-age>.
[Accessed on 9th May 2016].
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