Difference among Classful and Classless addressing

Assignment 2

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1. Difference among Classful and Classless addressing
Classless addressing
 It allows utilising of variable Length subnet mask.
 Different subnet masks are utilised in the same network.
 Host or Network id has no limitation (Ding and Du, 2011).
 It is also understood by the name CIDR.
 No default subnet mask is present in classless routing.
Classful addressing
 It divides IP address into the host ID as well as network ID.
 Same subnet mask is utilised in whole network.
2. Reason why most of the addresses in Class A are wasted
A block in the Class A address is too big for almost any firm. It shows that most of the
addresses in Class A are wasted and not utilised (Jara, Zamora and Skarmeta, 2012). A subnet
has 24 bits worth of addressing which is enough for almost 17 million devices individually.
Most of the addresses are remains unused by entities.
A block in the Class C is probably too small for any firm hence they could not provide
addresses to all the clients.
3. Mask in IPV4 addressing
IP address has two parts namely host and network address. Subnet mask separate the IP
address in host and network addresses. Apart from this Subnetting bifurcates the host part of
an IP address into host and subnet address if additional subnetwork is required (Ding and Du,
2011). Subnet mask is understood as 32 bit number which masks an IP address. It is created
by setting all 1’s to network bits and putting all 0’s to host bits. Address “0” is allotted to a
network address while “255” is allotted to broadcast address and is not possible to assign to
hosts. For classed networks some of commonly utilised net masks are Class A has 8-bits,
Class B has 16-bit and Class C has 24-bits.
4. Network address in address block

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First address in a block of address is known as network address. For finding network
addresses, the mask might be ANDed with any random address in a block.
5. Subnetting
Subnetting is a strategy that is used by the company for the partition of single physical
network into multiple smaller logical subnets (Jara, Zamora and Skarmeta, 2012). An IP
address contains a host segment as well as network segment. It is made by taking bits from
the host part of the IP addresses and utilising these bits to assign a number of smaller sub-
networks within the main network. It permits a firm to add sub-networks without the
requirement to obtain a fresh network number by the help of Internet service provider (ISP).
This can be differed by fact that a subnet mask has larger numbers of consecutive 1s as
compared to corresponding default mask.
6. NAT
Network address translation is a method of restructuring one IP address space within another
by making advancements in network address information in the IP header of packets at the
time when they are in transit through a traffic routing device. Mainly the edge routers are
tuned through it (Jara, Zamora and Skarmeta, 2012). This technique was originally utilised as
a shortcut for avoiding the requirement of readdressing every host when a network was
moved.
This helps in IPV4 depletion as it allows users to make static routes to static addresses
permitting the DHCP pool to be freely updated with a smaller exclusion for a smaller range
of IP’s.
7. Difference between connection oriented and connection less services
Network layer uses these two different sorts of services to its precursor layer for data transfer.
Connection-oriented services include the launch and close of the connection while
connection-less services do not need any connection making and finish procedures for data
transfer (TechDifferences, 2017).
8. Fragmentation and its need
Fragmentation is a concept that divides the file into piece so that it can be stored over the disk
easily. It allows storage of files in a non-contiguous way. This is necessary as it allow storing