Environmental Science and Society Introduction
Added on 2020-02-05
14 Pages4255 Words52 Views
FinanceProfessional DevelopmentEnvironmental SciencePolitical Science
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EnvironmentalScience andSociety
Table of ContentsIntroduction................................................................................................................................31. Identification of key ecosystem services of city garden.........................................................32. Key causes of biodiversity losses and their significance.......................................................53. Management of risk................................................................................................................74. Legally binding targets that are set by UK government for greenhouse gas emission..........85. Key reasons for succession for Montreal Protocol.................................................................9Conclusion................................................................................................................................11References................................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTIONEnvironment, Science and Society insight into the changing relationship betweenscience, nature, policy and society with the context of geographical areas of both developingand developed world. The present report particularly lay its emphasis on different role ofscience and policies while dealing with various environmental issues and problems ofknowledge, and power. In addition to this, it also foster the engagement grounded in thedetermination of contemporary policies and issues. Moreover, with the reference of London'sfamous city park, named Hyde Park, various key ecosystem services will be identified andexplored. Along with this, the legal binding targets which are set by UK government foremission of greenhouse gas will be described in this module.1. IDENTIFICATION OF KEY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF CITYGARDENGalloway Forest Park is Southern Scotland based park which is under the supervisionof Forestry Commission Scotland (Galloway Forest Park. 2016). The Forest Park offersdramatic scenery views of natural habitants and ecosystems. It is known as Britain's largestforest which has covered the area of 100 square miles of wild forest (Lehmann and Joseph,eds., 2015.). The Forest has tranquil valleys, rugged rock faces, clad hills, slopes, moorlandand lochs that are rising up to the mountains. (Klein and et. al., 2012) Ecosystems arecharacteristics by abiotic and biotic components and geochemical, biological and physicalprocesses which take place between components (Galloway Forest Park. 2016). Ecosystemsof forests can be grouped into four categories, that are provisioning, which includes facilitiesof food and water; regulating includes control of diseases or climate; supporting comprises ofnutrient cycle and culture services, that includes recreational and spiritual benefits.Ecosystem services are processes and conditions, which are obtained from ecosystemand humans get benefits through them (What are Ecosystem Services? 2011). The fourcategories of ecosystems can be described as follows:Provisioning servicesFibre and fuels: There are various products which are rendered by Galloway ForestPark, that are veneers and flooring; pulp for paper; veneers and timber products.Water supply: There is also provision of water supply through rains, fog and mist,which then transferred to soil and create a dam, as a result of which the level ofunderground water increases (Lei, Christov and Zhao, 2016).
Non-timber forest products: Galloway Forest is one of the largest forest of the UK,which provides foods products, like foliage, nuts, berries an d fruits from trees andplants. It also renders ornamental, craft, beverages and other gardening materials, likepoles, stakes, medicines products and etc (Galloway Forest Park. 2016).Regulating servicesCrop Pollination: Forests provide tress, habitats and woodlands for pollinator species.The changes in ecosystem can highly affect the abundance, distribution andeffectiveness of crop pollination (Kang and et. al., 2015).Disease and pest regulation: High bio-diversified woodlands will tend to increase thegrowth of new species and reduce the harmful effects of pathogens and some pests.Moreover, changes in regulation of human diseases will also effect the abundance ofdisease vectors (Michener and Jones, 2012).Climate and Hazard regulation: Forestry Commission standard of Galloway Forestalso protect it form any hazard caused by slope failure and soil erosion (O'riordan,2014). Moreover, it also provide protection from extreme effects of climatic change,temperature difference, ultra-violet light and many more.Cultural servicesHealth: People will be able to gain many benefits from ecosystems in the form ofrecreational and leisure activities, escape and freedom from from everyday busy lifeand positivity (O'riordan, 2014).Social development: The Forestry Commission standards of Galloway Forest alsodevelop interest and provide knowledge of historical and cultural development topeople.Economy: Localities can generate income from employment, by working in the forestdepartment of Galloway Forest. Many enterprises, which are included in the timberproduction, recreation purposes highly contribute in the growth of economy.Supporting servicesWater cycling: Forest Commission standards concern about the supply of water,transpiration and forests protection (Fearnside and Pueyo, 2012).
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