Information Technology Challenges in Military

This assignment analyzes the impact of information technology on the Department of Defense. It examines challenges such as integration, maintenance, and upgrades of IT systems, alongside the benefits like cost reduction, operational efficiency, and improved communication in a network-centric warfare environment. The analysis also delves into the threats posed by cybercrime, information warfare, and jamming.

Introduction to Research 1
Introduction to Research

Introduction to Research 2
Table of Contents
1. Collection of Data..............................................................................................................................3
1.1 Different sources of data...........................................................................................................3
1.2 Description of data sources.......................................................................................................4
1.3 Storage of data...........................................................................................................................7
2. Design and Implementation..............................................................................................................8
2.1 pre-processing of data...............................................................................................................8
2.2 Process of Feature Selection or dimension reduction..............................................................9
2.3 Designing of the experiment....................................................................................................10
2.3.1 Detailed procedure of design...........................................................................................10
2.3.2 Results of the experiment................................................................................................11
2.4 Implementation........................................................................................................................11
2.4.1 Software and Tools used..................................................................................................11
2.4.2 Results of the experiment..........................................................................................................11
3. Analysis of the results......................................................................................................................21
3.1 Estimations of the results........................................................................................................21
3.2 Summary of the results............................................................................................................22
4. Experiment and Results Analysis Outline.....................................................................................22
1.1Collection of Data.................................................................................................................................22
References.................................................................................................................................................24

Introduction to Research 3
1. Collection of Data
There is a requirement to establish the procedure used to perform the experiment. It is essential
for the researcher to collect the information related to the research topic before the analysis of the
results of the experiment for the purpose of gaining valid and reliable results. It is required to
select the sources from which the data will be collected in order to gain valid and reliable results
(Silverman and Patterson, 2014). Firstly, the data sources will be identified and then, the most
appropriate source will be selected. The information will be presented in the table format.
1.1 Different sources of data
It is required for the researcher to search information regarding different problems and design
experiment before starting the experiment. There is an availability of different sources of data
collection such as secondary and primary sources of data collection. Primary sources of data
collection method help in collecting the information at first hand. There are several sources of
primary data collection methods namely survey through questionnaire, interview, observation
and focus group discussion. In addition to this, the information can also be collected by the use
of secondary sources of data collection such as books, scholarly articles, online articles and
official documents which helps in gaining valid and reliable results for the research study
(Mallinson, Childs and Herk, 2013).
There will be a use of mixed method of data collection is appropriate as it is a combination of the
resources such as primary and secondary sources of data collection for collecting the relevant
information related to the research topic. Survey through questionnaire method and information
from two relevant literary sources i.e. scholarly articles are used for the purpose of collection of
the information related to the research study (Lim and Ting, 2013).

Introduction to Research 4
The relevant information related to the research topic will be collected by sending survey
questionnaire to 55 IT professionals. These are selected by the use of simple random sampling
method that provides equal chance to every unit of the population to be selected to participate in
the research. This helps in collection of the objective information from them. Survey through
questionnaire method consists of different questions related to the research topic on which the
respondents provide their views and opinions that helps in gaining valid results for the research
study (Lista, 2015).
1.2 Description of data sources
The following table provides the information related to data sources, organization from where it
can be collected. Besides this, it also provides the information related to the type of data which is
collected such as fee and format.
Data Source
Name
Source
Organization
IT
professionals
and Scholarly
Article
Data
Description
Data File
Format
Charge Fee Target Data
Source
Data 1 Scholarly
Article
Revolution of
IT in military
Txt Free Yes
Data 2 Scholarly
Article
Database
management
system in IT
txt Free Yes
Data 3 IT
Professionals
Do you think
implementatio
txt Free Yes

Introduction to Research 5
n of IT plays a
significant role
in military
services?
Data 4 IT
Professionals
Do you think
that use of IT
helps in
reducing the
overall cost of
the military
operations?
txt Free Yes
Data 5 IT
Professionals
Does
implementatio
n of IT is
considered
helpful in
gaining real
time
information
related to the
weapons used
in military?
Txt Free Yes

Introduction to Research 6
Data 6 IT
Professionals
Does IT helps
in the
designing of
the automated
military
weapons?
Txt Free Yes
Data 7 IT
Professionals
In your
opinion, does
IT helps in
improving the
safety and
security of
military
professionals?
Txt Free Yes
Data 8 IT
Professionals
Does IT help in
sharing of the
information
among the
members of the
military
services for
making quick
txt Free Yes

Introduction to Research 7
decisions?
Data 9 IT
Professionals
Does the use of
robots in
military
services helps
in increasing
their
operational
productivity?
txt Free Yes
Data 10 IT
Professionals
In your opinion
what are the
major threats
of
implementatio
n of IT in
military?
txt Free Yes
1.3 Storage of data
After organizing the information related to the identification of the data sources, there is a need
to collect data from those sources. The raw data from different data sources is collected and
stored in the safe place and a table is created which provides the information related to the place
where the different data is collected and stored which is as follows:

Introduction to Research 8
Data Source
Name
Date of
Collection
Saved File
Location
Saved File
Name
Saved File
Format
No of data
records
Survey from
IT
professionals
14/ 10/2017 //raw data/ Survey.txt Txt 55
Data collected
from
scholarly
articles
13/10/2017 //raw data/ Literature
review.txt
Txt 2
2. Design and Implementation
This section provides information related to preprocessing, design, dimension reduction, and
implementation.
2.1 pre-processing of data
There is a need to use data pre-processing as it is not necessary that all the people who
participate in the survey will give responses to all questions asked in the questionnaire.
Therefore, it is necessary for the researcher to evaluate the information to read the raw data and
filter the relevant data in order to create new data record in a new file. This can be explained by
the following diagram.

Introduction to Research 9
2.2 Process of Feature Selection or dimension reduction
After pre-processing, there is a need to select the relevant information from the obtained data and
reduce the number of results on the basis of the relevancy of the information under consideration.
For the purpose of evaluation of the survey results, the following table provides the information
related to pre-processing and reduction of the random data.
Date Data
Source
Name
Purpose of
Pre-
processing
Method of
Pre-
processing
Original
Data
Records
Results
Data
Records
New Data File
Name
16/10/2017 Data 3 Feature
Selection
Integration
of Data
55 52 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 4 Clean
missing
data
Data
Filtering
55 47 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 5 Avoid Data 55 35 Final_survey.txt
Read Data
Filter Data
Resample Data
Generate Data
Spatialised
Data
Raw Data
Caller

Introduction to Research 10
duplicity reduction
16/10/2017 Data 6 Filter the
data
Data
reduction
55 37 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 7 Cleaning
the missing
data
Data
filtering
55 42 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 8 Filter the
data
Data
reduction
55 39 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 9 Feature
Selection
Data
reduction
55 44 Final_survey.txt
16/10/2017 Data 10 Cleaning
of missing
data
Data
filtering
55 32 Final_survey.txt
2.3 Designing of the experiment
2.3.1 Detailed procedure of design
For the purpose of carrying out the research, there is a use of mixed method of data collection in
which firstly the information is collected from the available published sources which helps in
gaining accurate information related to the research topic. For this purpose, the general
information related to experience, age and gender is collected in order to get the idea related to
the opinion of the respondents regarding the research topic (Miles, Huberman and Saldaña,
2013).
2.3.2 Results of the experiment

Introduction to Research 11
2.4 Implementation
2.4.1 Software and Tools used
The information collected by the use of survey through questionnaire method is analyzed by the
use of MS Excel, which has helped in presenting the quantitative information in the form of
graphs and charts. This has helped the users of the information to take effective and quick
decisions (Fox, Gouthro, Morakabati and Brackstone, 2014).
2.4.2 Results of the experiment
Gender
Gender
No of
Respondents
Male 37
Female 18
Methodology Collect Data
Analyse and
evaluate
data

Introduction to Research 12
Male
67%
Female
33%
Gender
It is indicated from the above graph that 33% of the respondents are female and 67% are males.
Age
Age
No. of
Respondents
18-25 23
26-35 15
36-45 8
over 45 9
18-25 26-35 36-45 over 45
23
15
8 9
Age
No. of Respondents

Introduction to Research 13
It is found out that majority of the IT professions falls in the age category of 18-25 years.
Besides this, 15 respondents belong to the age group of 26-35 years.
Work Experience
Work Experience
No. of
Respondents
less than 5 years 11
5-10 years 21
10 -15 years 17
more than 15 years 6
20%
38%
31%
11%
Work Experience
less than 5 years
5-10 years
10 -15 years
more than 15 years
It is indicated that 21 respondents have working experience of 5-10 years. Besides this, only 6
respondents have a work experience of more than 15 years. Along with this, 11 respondents have
a work experience of less than 5 years.
Significant Role of IT in military
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 39
Agree 13
Disagree 1

Introduction to Research 14
Strongly Disagree 2
71%
24%
2%
4%
Significant Role of IT in military
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
It is found that 71% of the total respondents strongly believe that implementation of IT
contributes in a significant manner in military. Besides this, 2 respondents are strongly disagreed
with the point that IT plays a significant role in the military. 13 respondents believe that IT plays
a significant role in military services.
Reduction in the overall cost
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 20
Disagree 6
Strongly Disagree 2

Introduction to Research 15
49%
36%
11%
4%
Reduction in overall cost
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
It is also found out that 49% of the respondents strongly believe that implementation of IT in
military services results in reducing the overall cost of its operations. Besides this, 36% of the
respondents agreed that usage of IT helps in reducing the overall cost in the military services.
Besides this, 6 respondents are disagreed with the point that adoption of IT in military services
results in reducing the overall cost. In addition to this, 2 respondents are strongly disagree with
the point that implementation of IT does not result in reducing the overall cost.
Real time information related to the weapons used in military
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 29
Agree 6
Disagree 17
Strongly Disagree 3

Introduction to Research 16
53%
11%
31%
5%
Real time information related to the
weapons used in military
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
It is also found out that 53% of the respondents strongly believe that the use of IT helps in
gaining real time information related to weapons in military. Besides this, 6 respondents believe
that use of IT facilitates in gaining real time information related to weapons in military. Only 5%
of the respondents strongly disagree with the point that IT helps in gaining real time information
related to weapons in military.
Designing of the automated military weapons
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 30
Agree 7
Disagree 12
Strongly Disagree 6

Introduction to Research 17
55%
13%
22%
11%
Designing of the automated military
weapons
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
More than half of the respondents believe that implementation of IT in military helps in
designing of the automated weapons. 11% of the respondents strongly disagree that
implementation of IT helps in designing of the automated military weapons.
Improvement in safety and security of military professionals
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 37
Agree 5
Disagree 7
Strongly Disagree 6

Introduction to Research 18
67%
9%
13%
11%
Improvement in safety and security
of military professionals
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
It is also found out that 67% of the respondents believe that use of IT in military helps in
enhancing the safety and security of the military professionals. Besides this, 13% of the
respondents disagree that implementation of IT results in improving the safety and security of
military professionals.
Sharing of information for quick decisions
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 12
Disagree 7
Strongly Disagree 9

Introduction to Research 19
49%
22%
13%
16%
Sharing of information for quick
decisions
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
It is analyzed that use of IT in military helps in sharing of the information for making quick
decisions. Majority of the respondents strongly agreed with the point that IT helps in sharing of
the information among different personnel for making quick decisions. It is also analyzed that 16
respondents does not agree that use of IT in military helps in making quick decisions by the way
of sharing of the information.
Use of robots and improvement in operational productivity
Responses
No of
Respondents
Strongly Agree 36
Agree 8
Disagree 6
Strongly Disagree 5

Introduction to Research 20
65%
15%
11%
9%
Use of Robots and improvement in
operational productivity
Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree
It is found out that majority of the IT professionals believe that there is an increased use of robots
in the military for carrying out different operations that facilitates in enhancing their operational
productivity. In addition to this, 11 respondents do not believe that use of robots in military
results in improving the operational productivity of the military services.
Major Threats
Responses
No. of
Respondents
Hacking 4
Cyber Crime 7
Information Jamming 5
Information based
warfare 7
All of the above 32

Introduction to Research 21
7%
13%
9%
13%
58%
Major Threats
Hacking Cyber Crime
Information Jamming Information based warfare
All of the above
More than half of the respondents believe that the major threats of implementing IT in military
services include hacking, information based warfare, cyber crime and information jamming.
Along with this, 7% of the respondents believe that hacking is the major challenge faced by the
military due to the use of IT. 13% of the respondents believe that information based warfare and
cyber crime are the major challenges faced by the military due to the use of IT.
3. Analysis of the results
3.1 Estimations of the results
It is found out that different challenges have been faced by the department of defense related
to information technology in terms of integration, maintenance and upgrade of the systems. It
is essential for the military industry to utilize information system for the purpose of
communication, control and command. The tactical emphasis has shifted from platform
centric to network centric war-fare (Ceruti, 2003). There is an emergence of the use of
internet and information technology for the purpose of communicates with each other in an
effective manner. This helps in taking quick decisions by the military personnel related to
warfare and other activities carried out in the industry (Hong, n.d.).

Introduction to Research 22
3.2 Summary of the results
It is found out that there is an increased use of information technology systems for the
purpose of reducing the overall cost of the military organization in the country. Along with
this, different challenges have been faced by the organizations related to hacking,
information based warfare, cyber crime and information jamming. Along with this, it also
helps in increasing the operational productivity of the industry as it results in reducing the
occurrence of the human errors (Gratton and Jones, 2010).
4. Experiment and Results Analysis Outline
1. Experiment and Result Analysis
1.1Collection of Data
1.1.1 Different sources of data
1.1.2 Description of data sources
1.1.3 Storage of the data
1.2 Design and implementation of experiments
1.2.1 Pre-processing of data
1.2.2 Process of Feature selection or data reduction
1.2.3 Designing of the Experiment
1.2.3.1 Detailed procedure of Design
1.2.3.2 Results of the experiment
1.2.4 Implementation
1.2.4.1 Software and Tools Used
1.2.4.2 Results of the experiment
1.3 Analysis of the results

Introduction to Research 23
1.3.1 Estimation of the results
1.3.2 Summary of the results