Differentiating Leadership and Management: Marks and Spencer Report

This report examines the contrasting roles of leaders and managers within Marks and Spencer, a prominent British retailer. It differentiates between the functions of a manager, who implements authority and directs employees, and a leader, who inspires and motivates teams. The report uses examples of management and leadership in different situational contexts, such as food section management and operational leadership. It explores Marks and Spencer's management structure, highlighting the differences between leadership and management, the impact of Contingency theory and System leadership theory on leadership and management, and the relevance of contemporary management theories. Additionally, the report delves into the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives and details key operational approaches, including a PESTEL analysis. The conclusion and recommendations summarize the key findings and suggest improvements based on the analysis.

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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
Contents
Task 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager................................................3
Examples of the function of a leader and the role of a manager use in different situational contexts......4
Introduction of Marks and Spencer and its management structure..........................................................5
The differences between management and leadership.............................................................................5
Impact of Contingency theory in leadership and management................................................................6
Impact of System leadership theory in leadership and management........................................................7
Impact of contemporary management theories to the growth and sustainable performance of the
organization.............................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion and recommendation.............................................................................................................9
Task 2..........................................................................................................................................................9
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................9
The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.......................10
Details of key operational approaches...................................................................................................11
Approaches to critical operations...........................................................................................................12
PESTEL analysis...................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion and recommendation...........................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................17
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Task 1
Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager
The organization considered here is Marks and Spencer Limited of United Kingdom. Here, the
difference between the role of a leader and the role of a manager is described. A manager is
something in an organization who is the representative of the authority, moreover he or she is the
person who manages all works by make the employees working at their targets and leader is
something who make the workers eligible for the given work, he works with the whole team and
make a steady project fruitfully. The managers of Marks and Spencer have employees whereas
the leaders win the followers. Managers react to change whereas the leaders create to change.
Moreover, the managers of Marks and Spencer have good ideas and the leaders implements
them. Managers play a significant role in the organization regarding communication (Toye and
Gottlieb, 2005).
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The managers communicate with the employees and other staffs of Marks and Spencer in a
polite manner. On the other hand, the leaders persuade them. Managers are useful in directing
groups, and leaders create teams. The managers try to be heroes, but the leaders make stars of
everybody around them. Additionally, the managers take credit, and the leaders take
responsibilities. Leaders create shared focus, and the managers are focused regarding a
particularly significant project. Managers exercise power over people whereas leaders develop
power with people. Leadership is all about getting outcomes for the followers. If a leader gets
results, people will support him often without caring too much about how the leader got them
(Pilbeam, 2000). The requirements of Marks and Spencer increase the value of shareholder, and
the primary of the public sector must increase the values of the public. The value of shareholder
can be increased over either by boosting the stock price or paying dividends on stock that is
owned. The outcomes are usually measured as total shareholder return over some period. There
is a fascinating conviction that the future generation of either value of public or shareholders
requires the conforming or blend of the interests of various accomplices in the endeavor;
shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers or clients, and the distinctive gatherings inside
which the attempt works and with which it partners (Hazlitt, Chandler and Paulin, 2011). In spite
of this view, ineffectiveness to satisfy shareholders is more likely than any of the others to bring
about business leaders hurt. Also, a leader must have the ability to distinguish what's coming up
ahead, to see openings that should be the target of movement. They also see risks before they
rise. Discovering the horizon does not recommend that experience is insignificant. Irrespective of
what may be normal, to the extent that people have been through experiences and picked up from
them, they will speak made a judgment and, perhaps, some understanding.
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Examples of the function of a leader and the role of a manager use in different situational
contexts
For the example it can be said that a specific project of work has been given by the authority to
the management. Management divides the work by the mean of working teams and put the job
upon the hand of the leaders of the teams. Then it is the responsibility of the leaders to make the
project successful. Marks and Spencer have managers like Food section administrator, Café
Manager, Finance, and Operations section manager and so on. Food section managers create the
best possible shopping experience ensure and they ensures safety and healthful standard food to
the customers. On the other hand, finance and operations division manager protects profits and
finds new ways to deliver improvements in the finance sector (Giuliani and Kurson, 2007). The
café manager of Marks and Spencer caters delicious foods of all appetites and tastes which lead
to the success of Marks and Spencer opinion. Apart from it, the clothing section manager of
M&S provides customers with affordable and luxury clothes. Consequently, these manager
manages to hit the objective of making a certain amount of profit in a year. Marks and Spencer
operational team leaders who oversee the process flows for the entire distribution center. The
activities of leaders are based on the weekly and monthly basis. They meet and exceed the
requirements of the business. The leaders are also engaged in development and training of
employees and staffs in a particular team (Whole Foods & Marks & Spencer Case Study, 2007).
These leaders show their leadership qualities and styles and motivate everyone to perform at
their best as well as deliver superior service performance. The leaders of Marks and Spencer are
also engaged in inventory management and performance of the employees.
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Introduction of Marks and Spencer and its management structure
Marks and Spencer is one of the traditional British retailer's stores regarding food; foot wears,
clothes, gift as well as house appliances which spread through North America, Asia, and Europe.
Moreover, the organization has more than four hundred and fifty stores in the United Kingdom
and they employ more than sixty-five thousand individuals (Black Book - Marks & Spencer,
2010). Besides that, the organization also operates outside the nation where it has a developing
business in appropriate places where customer demand is more. The organization is in a
relationship with its suppliers and clients and was esteemed worldwide as the leading retailer of
United Kingdom regarding clothes of men and women and food section. Marks and Spencer
accomplished operating efficiency by implementing extended marketing mix as well as
marketing mix: 4P for satisfying the needs and demands of the customers. As a result, the
company can maintain the reputation among the retail companies (Marks & Spencer ordered to
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encrypt, 2008). Consequently, they can accomplish the objectives of gaining competitive
advantage. Marks and Spencer have chairman named Robert Swannell. Steve Rowe and Helen
Weir is the Chief Executive and Chief Finance Officer respectively. Additionally, the
organization is comprised of Senior Independent Director and Non-Executive Directors.
The differences between management and leadership
The manager controls the management of an organization like Marks and Spencer, but the leader
listens to the manager. The primary difference between leadership and management is that the
leaders do not necessarily occupy or hold a management position. It is not essential that a leader
is an authoritative figure in Marks and Spencer However, a leader can be any regular employee.
The leader works with the management of a particular manager (Harris, 2009). Not like
managers, the leader of Marks and Spencer are followed because of their character along with
their beliefs. Moreover, the leader invests personally into projects and tasks. They are also
engaged in demonstrating a high level of passion at the workplace. They also take a great deal of
interest in the success of their followers. Consequently, it enables them to reach their objectives
to satisfaction.
A manager is an employee of company or organization such as Marks and Spencer who is
presented the obligation of finishing the four essential components of the organization, for
instance, organizing, planning, controlling and leading (Gronn, 2003). Moreover, the principle
convergence of a manager is to meet definitive goals and targets, and ordinarily, do not consider
much else. The commitments of a manager are all around a bit of sets of obligations and are
formally laid-out. A manager is deemed responsible for his exercises and furthermore for the
activities of his subordinates. However, one person transforms into a manager by reasonability of
his or her position and makes subordinates take after subsequently of the title. Some of the
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managers have poor activity qualities, and workers take after solicitations from their managers
since they are resolved to do like this and not by any means in light of the way that they are
affected by the leader (Schmid, 2006). With the title comes the authority and the advantage to
secure, progress, end, educate, or compensate employees in perspective of their execution and
direct.
Impact of Contingency theory in leadership and management
The theory of Contingency can be laid on both cases of leadership and management. Both of the
units are different from each other; where it is the version of managerial work, it is been
highlighted with a different flow and same as but in a different way it works for leadership work.
How the theory works on these different cases are depicted below in a precise way.
Contingency theory rejects the awareness that there is a unique method to deal with the
administration of a particular company. Besides, the theory suggests that managers must survey
each condition and settle on decisions intriguing to those conditions. This approach obliges the
managers to remain caution and keep away from relying upon system, rules, and custom as their
acquaintances for their choices. The particular theory urges administrators to consider the
outcomes of a decision as it relates to the whole organization (Paul Apostolidis, 2008). Energetic
managers who appreciate and use plausibility speculation work in a state of status and
watchfulness that can ask for each one of their assets. The practice of managers and leaders must
mirror the lifestyle, obligation to the health and safety of employees, profit orientation, customer
service attitudes and brand positioning of Marks and Spencer. Meanwhile, the director must
respond to the present issue, as per the immediate reasons behind the problem. This dual focus
on the general company and the specifics of an issue requires a manager to observe every kind
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pictures (Wu, 2013). The working of executives under the models of contingency theory requires
fulfilling more than just to recognize more than one influence on an issue. They should be
organized to evaluate different data sources that may all be added to an issue. The managers
provide the employees of Marks and Spencer with incentives and bonus program. Contingency
theory helps the managers to provide the rewards and incentives.
Impact of System leadership theory in leadership and management
The styles of a leader can affect productivity and communication within the company. System
leadership states that revolution will combines (Osborne, 2015). System leadership seeks to
affect change for the good of the society across multiple intersections and interacting system.
Moreover, it can critical with the leadership styles and theories such as one which utilizes a
company based on personal, direct authority. Leaders who do not ask for integrating from others
can ravage information to fit their particular requirements. The information that is coursed all
through the company is off base and deficient. The data of workers can be productive in making
more viable work systems and upgrading benefit. A manager with an appropriate leadership
styles recognizes commitment from employees and uses the appropriate information to improve
the work strategy. In any case, the organization style used by the organization can impact the
feasibility of leadership information (Uhl-Bien, 2006). Distinctive managers may thoroughly
dismiss delegate data since they would lean toward not to reveal any enhancements to the way
things ensure. Also, another answer could allow employees to do what they need similarly as
work systems, which would make procedural issues all through the organization. Leaders who
set clear goals increases the productivity of the workers. The style of managers similarly
influences how objectives are set (Getting ahead in leadership: exploring the ‘leadership equals
improvement’ relationship, 2005). A transformational leader uses high essentialness and
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inspiration to goad leaderships to accomplishment. These sorts of leaders set specific delegate
goals and give leaderships each one of the gadgets they need to accomplish those objectives. A
leadership style highlighting reinforcing can clarify goals.
Impact of trait theory in leadership and management
Trait theory enlightens the both service of leadership and management resepectedly in a
profound way. The different versions of work have been highlighted here. The trait theory is
something about where the workings of leadership and management may turn as fruitful or
unsuccessful so that it is lot of hard strategy to differentiate by the way of this theory. It is
logically agreeable theory where that is applicable like set of investigation has validated the
groundwork; source of the conjecture. It is served as a measure next to which the leadership is
trailed of an entity how the assessment can be done. It provides a comprehensive data and
considerate of the leader constituent in the process of leadership.
Impact of contemporary management theories to the growth and sustainable performance of the
organization
Contemporary management theories are concerned with contingency, system theory and
situational theory of leadership. Critics of structural contingency theory argue that sometimes it
is not sensible for the companies to move into a fit with the contingencies. The reason is that
while the company is changing its structure to fit the contingencies, the contingencies themselves
change, so that the structure of the organizational change does not produce fit (FM, 2015). These
particular theories help an organization such as Marks and Spencer to attain growth and
sustainable performance. When the economy of Marks and Spencer is in terrible condition, these
approaches are helpful for the companies. These methods also help in retaining the employees
and play a significant role in satisfying the jobs of the employees. On the other hand, it provides
a decision-making strategy to leaders so that they can apply during emergency times. Employees
at every levels are energized by the ability to make decisions that impact their performance.
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Conclusion and recommendation
Task 2 covers the difference between the role of leaders and managers in Marks and Spencer. It
also discusses the impact of contemporary theories such as contingency and system leadership
theories on the organization. Moreover, the leaders and managers should be concerned with the
ethical issues of the company. Ethical issues such as communication gap between the employees
of different cultures and conflict among them should be solved by leaders. The managers and
leaders should be responsible for maintaining the decorum and discipline of the company.
Regulation reflects on customers. If Marks and Spencer can maintain proper discipline, then they
can also deal with the clients in a polite manner.
Task 2
Introduction
Various types of strategies are undertaken by an organization like MARKS AND SPENCER.
Those operational strategies of marks and spencer are highlighted viz- proper management,
financial management, production, executive management, office management, market
management, etc. Legal control is a hypothetical and professional discipline which is a cross
between the study and the law management of marks and spencer. Office management refers as a
profession where the design, implementations, evaluations, etc. involves in an organisation
named Marks and Spencer. Market management depends on the application of marketing,
techniques inside the Marks and Spencer Company (Operations Management, 2015). Production
management of marks and spencer dealing with planning, forecasting, commercialization of
product goods. Financial management is mainly associated with the money support of Marks and
Spencer Company.
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The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives
The essential conviction among the overall public was to believe that the operations management
was significant in the collecting business. Besides, the conviction was supported by the way that
the manufacturing industry expected to manage number of services and methodology starting
from securing the rough materials till the stock are sold and moreover overall after arrangements
help was in like manner was considered in this manner making the conviction that the operations
organization is essential to collecting industry (Slack, Brandon-Jones and Johnston, 2017). If
there should be an event of the organization business, they have distinctive measures of the
process included starting from understanding the requirements of the customers in getting
feedback on the organization. Therefore, for managing the operations within the service industry
is as significant as managing the operations of Marks and Spencer within the manufacturing
sector. At whatever point an organization is advancing a product or a service that the company
needs to guarantee that the demands and needs or customers are met at record-breaking. It is a
basic system and like this the advancing joint endeavors a pivotal part in understanding what the
need of the customer and how to fulfill it (Kumar and Suresh, 2009). The promoting bunch
assembles purposes of enthusiasm from the customers' and uses it as the commitment for the
arrangement of things and organizations. So any operations organization incorporates similar
organization assignments paying little heed to what industry or business one works. It
incorporates staffing, planning, directing, controlling, motivating and organizing. Despite
business, the operations management keeps running over the relationship as a part of key and key
operations. The customer organization is the necessary focus on any organization in light of the
way that toward the day's end independent of all the framework, promoting and operations
organization if the customer is not content with the thing or the organization then the purpose
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