Digital Data and System

This report highlights the activities carried out regarding shaking tables and the suggested solutions. It discusses the current technology used in shaking tables, failure mechanisms, and maintenance strategies. The report also explores the design problem and requirements for earthquake-resistant structures.

DIGITAL DATA AND SYSTEM
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REPORT
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank Dr/Prof/Ms.……….who happened to be our immediate advisor for his
sincere guidance throughout my study at the University of ………………………………….I
wish to thank him for his endless support in the entire period of the process. To the project team
in the Laboratory, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr. ……………… who worked
extremely diligently and hard to have all the difficult problems solved changing the ideas into the
practical hardware.
May I do not forget to acknowledge the enthusiasm, as well as the determination of Miraj my
project partner as well as friend whose effort led to the project initiation and significantly
contributed to the success of this project. I give special thanks to the other class members for the
material support offered to us during the project work. Finally, I am grateful to the pieces of
advice and encouragement from my parents. May God bless them wherever they are abundant.

Introduction
Project design usually forms one of the crucial aspects of learning engineering concept.
This is because it is through this concept that basic principles are practically implemented. This
particular report highlights some of the activities that were carried out regarding the shaking.
This report paper has reviewed the current technology that is being used in the shaking table in
places where system operation and table mounting are optimized. The optimal operation of the
shaking table involves decisions on the table availability. Also, the several failure mechanisms in
various parts of the shaking table have been captured by the paper together with their root
causes. It is important to note that the suggested solution or the remedial measures are not
subject to the limitation. That is the main reason why the process of troubleshooting looked into
other mechanisms and finally settled on a combination of the processes. The paper has also
captured the aspect of the predictive and preventive maintenance as used in the management of
the components of the shaking table. It came out clearly that these strategies allow for the
reduction of the downtime besides lowered cost of maintenance.
Tasks in the group project
Four projects were explained by the tutor and learners had a chance of choosing the project
from the available four options which were presented to us by the tutor(Vrugt 2016). After
rigorous consolation which lasted for about 30 minutes, we settled on earthquake resistant
project. Our choice was guided by the fact that it is closely related to civil engineering which is
being studied by both of us.
Design problem and requirements

The key objective of this particular project other than design shedding more light into the
dynamic performance of the system of shake table as used in the measurement of the intensity of
the earthquake. There are a few normal reasons for earthquake vibrations, and they all bring
about shaking and commotions that can be very disturbing and at times terrifying. Be that as it
may, in the event that one recognizes what the absolute most continuous caused of earth
vibration are, he/she cannot just maintain a strategic distance from an excess of stress and stress.
In fact, one can realize how to clarify the issue and side effects to an auto technician when the
opportunity arrives to address the issue.
Along these lines, here is a rundown of probably the most widely recognized reasons for
vibrations of the vehicle engine. In this particular project, the requirement is to build a structure
which is capable of withstanding the shaking which is caused by the earthquake. The study
focused on the improvement of the current shake tables that have been characterized by the
errors of information transmission. The concept employed in the design has emphases on the
reliability as well as accuracy of the results.
Background research
The project needed background knowledge in coding. Considering that we don't have a
background in coding, we decided to work on the project together so as to enable us to get the
best outcome. The other things which were considered important included management of time
as well as the task allocation process(Flores et al 2016). Our meeting was scheduled outside the
class that enables us to have some comprehensive as well as the elaborative discussion. There is
actually a close connection between sustainability and modernity in the challenge of generating better
places of work and living. The built fabrics that are in existence represents a high value that provides
resources in terms of economic, social and environmental stability. There is a duty as well as an

opportunity to preserve the existing fabric and reuse buildings that have lost their original functionality
once the area of their locations have been tested for earthquake tremor. Such buildings may be obsolete
physically or might have ceased to provide the more demanding standards of today. This should form part
of the contemporary agenda and the reuse and renewal of urban space and materials in countries like
Japan which are prone to earthquake. This will lead to the realization of the spatial and functional
transformation which focuses on the update of the regulations regarding user safety, fire, environmental
comfort and finally energy efficiency during the occurrence of such catastrophes.
Possible solutions to your problem
The objective was to finish the shake table and begin to deal with the plan of the structure. In
any case, the most significant thing was to make a lightweight shaking table that could be
isolated and connected effectively taking as a main priority that it ought to contain a base for the
gears to keep it stable when the base begins shaking. In addition, the primary Idea was to change
over the roundabout development of the apparatuses into level development which moves the
structure inwards and in reverse (Flores et al 2016) The study work has just perfectly presented a
review of the current technology that is being used in the shake table. The study targeted a motor
vehicle assembly plant in places where system operation of reciprocating gas engine mounting is
optimized. This should be treated as a sample study which is open to progress. The optimal
operation of the shake table involves decisions on the engine availability. Also, the several
failure mechanisms in various parts of the shake table have been captured by the paper together
with their root causes. It is important to note that the suggested solution or the remedial measures
are not subject to the limitation. That is the main reason why the process of troubleshooting
looked into other mechanisms and finally settled on a combination of the processes.
Final Design Solution

The fundamental idea was to add a few bars to the structure so it can withstand the heap on
its highest point so we thought of this thought and added cross shafts to two-sided of the
structure the thought was great. What's more, we attempted to make the joints more grounded, so
we added more connections to it. Besides, amid class time we demonstrated the tutor our work
he was awed and he revealed to us that the structure is great yet the shake table.
Figure 1: Sample of the gadget(Flores et al 2016)
Analysis and results
The project done also included more task at the structure and we endeavored to join the
structure to the shake table and think about how to improve the structure (Cruz 2016). Besides,
the fundamental idea was to add a few bars to the structure so it can withstand the heap on its
highest point so we thought of this thought and added cross shafts to two-sided of the structure
the thought was great. The paper has also captured the aspect of the predictive as well as
preventive maintenance as used in the management of the components of the shake table. It came

out clearly that these strategies allow for the reduction of the downtime besides lowered cost of
maintenance. This particular study should be subjected to other models of the shake table other
than reciprocating gas for a comprehensive conclusion to be drawn as far shake table analysis is
concerned.
Table 1: Physical Quantities
What's more, we attempted to make the joints more grounded, so we added more connections to
it. Besides, amid class time we demonstrated the tutor our work he was awed and he revealed to
us that the structure is great yet the shake table.
Figure 2: Graphical wave analysis(Flores et al 2016)
Conclusion and Recommendation

This particular paper has discussed the method of the model design for the shake table test
which has been carried out on the isolated structures by the use of the friction bearing pendulum.
According to the high rise isolated structures, the main model issue that has been designed to use
friction pendulum bearing was actually analyzed very closely. This included the similitude rule
for the general test, the isolation bearing quantity, parameter determination and period. As a
recommendation, future study should make reference to the shaking table design model that uses
automated frictional system of bearing to be used even in the worst cases of the earthquakes. As
part of the recommendations, the designed shake table will be subjected to two main types of
maintenance including preventive as well as predictive maintenance.
Preventive maintenance
Preventive maintenance commonly known as preventative maintenance refers to the activities of
maintenance that are regularly carried out on any equipment in order to reduce the likelihood of
the equipment failure. Such kind of the operations are usually carried out while the engine or any
other equipment are in working conditions so as to avoid its unexpected breakdown .In fact this
kind of maintenance falls between the predictive maintenance and reactive maintenance(run-to-
failure).
Advantages of preventive maintenance
The program of preventive maintenance usually does no need condition-based monitoring. This
will assist in the elimination of the need to carry out condition monitoring and its subsequent
data interpretation. There will be no need to keep the equipment for the condition monitoring.
Predictive Maintenance

The main aim of predictive maintenance is to first effectively predict when the equipment is
likely to fail and secondly have the occurrence of the failure prevented the maintenance
performance. The planning of maintenance prior to the occurrence of failure in the future is
usually possible when failure monitoring is carried out in advance. Predictive maintenance will
ensure that the frequency of maintenance to be as low as possible thereby preventing unplanned
reactive maintenance without necessarily incurring other related costs.
Advantages of predictive maintenance
When compared with the preventive maintenance, this kind of maintenance will always ensure
that the reciprocating gas engine is only shut down right before significant failures are realized.
This will completely reduce the required time and cost in the engine maintenance.
Contributions to the group
Considering that we were only two individuals in this group we chose to partition the
introduction into two sections the initial segment incorporated the examination, objective and
plan issues, and the structure necessities; the second part incorporated the potential
arrangements, discourse about the undertakings distributed to bunch individuals, Timeline and
cooperation activity. Besides, my teammate was increasingly agreeable to do the second part, so
I chose to do the initial segment of the presentation (Sjöstrand et al 2018).
Ideally, the most significant thing was is to make a lightweight shaking table that could be
isolated and connected effectively taking as a main priority that it ought to contain a base for the
gears to keep it stable when the base begins shaking. While I was chipping away at the shaking
table Miraj began to deal with the coding segment. Besides, in the wake of completing the base
of the engine we turned over to take a shot at the base that the structure will depend on at first it

was somewhat precarious and not steady we endeavored to add some more Legos to make it
progressively steady.
Reflective Journal
Week 3
The groups were formed in week three. Members of the group had the opportunity to
introduce themselves to one another. In our group were only two members. This particular low
number is a result of the few students who register for this particular class. Four projects were
explained by the tutor and we had a chance of choosing the project from the available four
options which were presented to us by the tutor(Vrugt 2016). After rigorous consolation which
lasted for about 30 minutes, we settled on earthquake resistant project. Our choice was guided by
the fact that it is closely related to civil engineering which is being studied by both of us. In this
particular project, the requirement is to build a structure which is capable of withstanding the
shaking which is caused by the earthquake.
The tutor then went further to give out signing sheet to every group basa proof that each
and every group had at least received an item to work on and it was therefore upon them to
ensure that all the items were kept safe. In order to enhance communication in our group, we
decided to use a normal chat considering that was only two of us in the group. In this particular
week, we continued to properly work on the task which had been assigned to us especially
passed the broad line. During this period we learned some of the crucial concepts related to the
plotting of 2D as well as Global Variables. Towards the end of the class work, we unanimously
agreed that every one of us will take Lego home at least every home. Week three was therefore
taken care of by Miraj.

Week 4
In this particular week, there was an explanation by the tutor on how to connect the
computer with Ultra-Wide Band technology. The tutor connected cable of USB to NI myDAQ.
Immediately after the connection, there was blue light which popped out of the motor drive. He
then typed “dag.getDevice” in the MATLAB command window just to check the proper
connection of the device. In addition, each group was expected to solve question 4 which is the
pass borderline in task 4.In our group we had a shake table(Oosterhof, Connolly and Haxby
2016).
Considering that we don't have a background in coding, we decided to work on the
project together so as to enable us to get the best outcome. The other things which were
considered important included management of time as well as the task allocation process. Our
meeting was scheduled outside the class that enables us to have some comprehensive as well as
the elaborative discussion. The tutor went ahead to explain some of the crucial things which
would be considered in the evaluation process to enable on score very high marks. This process
included scheduling of the dates considered useful for the management of our work.
Week 5
In this particular week, we had a group meeting scheduled for Monday. It was from this
meeting that we discussed very crucial dates. We started constructing a shaking table.
Conceptualization of the possible design began immediately. The discussion was basically on the
list of the tasks as well as subtasks while allocating each and every task with its timeline. Each
and every task will be allocated its timeline. We actually concluded the meeting with such
outcomes. There was a division of the task that each one of us was meant to do. The division of

the task was done on the basis of the capability of each and every one of us. We collectively
reviewed the task and consulted very closely. After the discussion, we decided to socialize for a
while when taking coffee. It was during this period that we got to know each other better with
our group members. However, the tutor continued explaining more task for the week which was
accompanied by the continuous review of our task each and every time. We scheduled our next
meeting for Monday which we could start building the first requirements of the shaking base.
Week 6
This particular week started with a group meeting which focused on discussing the progress
of the presentation. Besides, as we are only two individuals in this group we chose to partition
the introduction into two sections the initial segment incorporated the examination, objective and
plan issues, and the structure necessities; the second part incorporated the potential
arrangements, discourse about the undertakings distributed to bunch individuals, Timeline and
cooperation activity. Besides, my teammate was increasingly agreeable to do the second part, so
I chose to do the initial segment of the presentation (Sjöstrand et al 2018).

Also, we at long last began to take a shot at the shake table and set up the things together
in any case, we couldn't achieve anything due to the lack of time along these lines; we chose to
do it amid our next meeting of the group. Moreover, in the class, we kept on doing a few issues
and we began to work on our shake table. We had a few issues; however, the tutor helped us and
gave us a concise thought in how to approach the plan. Additionally, we apportioned our next
assignment for the following week which was completing the entire shake table and readiness for
the presentation.
Week 7
In this team meeting, we came and arranged every single task done by one of us on his
every part. We began with our slides for presentations. We joined them, and we began to adjust
and improve the slides. Moreover, we have done some examinations and included more data.
Likewise, we began to evaluate our slides to be will arranged our objective was to score in any
event 8/10 in the introduction, so we needed to do some additional work we began to deal with

our time and practice the introduction. In addition, in the wake of completing the introduction we
chose to deal with our shake table to improve it, be that as it may, we didn't have enough time in
light of the fact that Miraj had a class, so we chose to do it after the class following day.
We went to the class will arrange and we began our introduction as the main group I
was somewhat anxious since it was my first introduction in college, be that as it may, I attempted
to not take a gander at the paper however much as could be expected. In addition, subsequent to
completing our introduction we went to the various introductions and we were listening
cautiously in light of the fact that in college you ought to gain from everything. What's more,
when every one of the groups completed the introductions the mentor gave us some significant
criticism and he requested that we transfer the slides through the management of writing(Perlin
2015)
Week 8
In this week our objective was to finish the shake table and begin to deal with the plan
of the structure. In any case, the most significant thing was is to make a lightweight shaking table
that could be isolated and connected effectively taking as a main priority that it ought to contain
a base for the gears to keep it stable when the base begins shaking. In addition, the primary Idea
was to change over the roundabout development of the apparatuses into level development which
moves the structure inwards and in reverse(Flores et al 2016). While I was chipping away at the
shaking table Miraj began to deal with the coding segment. Besides, in the wake of completing
the base of the engine we turned over to take a shot at the base that the structure will depend on

at first it was somewhat precarious and not steady we endeavored to add some more Legos to
make it progressively steady.
During this particular week, I took the Lego box and the shaking table to change it and
attempt to fix the little error we made. What's more, amid the class time the mentor included a
few remarks the shaking table and he helped us to improve the base. Also, the guide instructed us
to finish the portfolio errands and checked a few issues(Vedaldi and Lenc 2015).
Week 9
This week we began to deal with the structure and put the last addresses the shake table.
Besides, our plan was a four-sided structure which was fundamental and simple to make right off
the bat we begun by taking a gander at the necessities the base ought to be 225 cm^2 and the
Hight ought to be 50 cm altogether. Additionally, we began with some essential portrays and
checking and cutting the balsa wood and strings, at that point we began to join the primary side
of the structure has appeared in the image that has been provided below:

To add more solidarity to the structure we chose to include two sticks vertically and join them
together by tying them utilizing the strings gave. Additionally, we have done likewise strategy to
all the 4 sides of the structure then we joined them utilizing the strings. During the current week,
we are done the following stage is to think how to include more quality and we have to begin
considering how to append the structure to the shake table.

Week 10
This week we have done some more task at the structure and we endeavored to join the structure
to the shake table and think about how to improve the structure(Cruz 2016). Besides, the
fundamental idea was to add a few bars to the structure so it can withstand the heap on its highest
point so we thought of this thought and added cross shafts to two-sided of the structure the
thought was great. What's more, we attempted to make the joints more grounded, so we added
more connections to it. Besides, amid class time we demonstrated the tutor our work he was
awed and he revealed to us that the structure is great yet the shake table.

This will slip in light of the fact that there is no sufficient friction between it and the table
underneath so we consider it and attempted the shake table to see if in the event that it is working
or not, at that point we endeavored to add a few changes to it. In addition, we couldn't help
suspecting that the shake table was not steady, so we concocted a plan to help the shake table
with certain tires to include some grinding. At that point we have attempted it again it worked
consummately, however, the structure was not all that strong. We endeavored to put some weight
on it yet it was falling. Thus, we needed to orchestrate a team meeting before the class so we
could change the structure(Blaber, Adair and Antoniou 2015).
Week 11
In this week we needed to make the codes and fix our structure and make sense of how to add
more solidarity to it. We began to improve the structure by including additionally tying in the
joints, and we have done some coding and we endeavored to consolidate the two gave codes
however it didn't work so we attempted to do it on our way, yet the issue was that the diagram
was in voltage and it was not moving amid the trial. This is the thing that we at long last came to:

% Run this first part in a different script file
s=daq.createSession('ni'); addDigitalChannel(s,'myDAQ3','Port0/Line6:7','OutputOnly')
outputSingleScan(s,[1,0])
% Now run below script in a different file
s=daq.createSession('ni');
% addDigitalChannel(s,'myDAQ1','Port0/Line6:7','OutputOnly')
addAnalogInputChannel(s,'myDAQ3','ai0','Voltage')
addAnalogInputChannel(s,'myDAQ3','ai1','Voltage') % s.NumberOfScans=4096
s.DurationInSeconds = 20;
% outputSingleScan(s,[1,0])
data = startForeground(s);
plot(data)
xlabel('Time in milliseconds (mS)')
ylabel('Acceleration')
mean(data)
vo = [ 1.1585 1.4366]; % v0 need to set to the real values
from step-1 above

accV = (data - vo)*6*9.81*100/3.3;
MaxAccV = max(abs(accV))
PI_1_value = max(abs(accV(:,1)-accV(:,2)))
In view of the lack of time we chose that this will be our last plan and code.
Week 12
This was the latest seven day stretch of the venture and we were prepared to demonstrate our
task to the tutor. Moreover, we went to the class ahead of schedule to get ready everything and
we demonstrated the guide our last plan to give us the last survey for the exhibition. We began
with low weight and began to build the weight the undertaking succeeded, and we have obtained
the base prerequisites. Moreover, we restored every one of the Legos and gear's to the crate and
offered it to the guide.
Reflection on the Personal Experience
1) What are the most important things you learned from this project?
 I have learned to code by the use of MATLAB
 How to input analog data by the use of the transistors which originate from NImyDAQ.
 Understanding of the sensor function in particular
 Data acquisition application
 Lego construct use

 Certain Principles of civil engineering
 Use of mathematics concepts to achieve sketching
2) Did you meet your project goals?
Yes. We actually met the objectives of our projects. We have managed to get the entire project
requirement in time and have done our submission before the deadline.
3) What parts of the project do you particularly like? Why?
The part of the coding considering that it was really challenging. It was actually new though very
interesting to us. It was also fun constructing the structure.
4) What do you find particularly challenging?
The coding section was considered to be a very challenging part considering that I did not have
any background in the use of MATLAB.
What are the things that helped you the most in this project?
The most important factor was the teamwork. We did most of our work collectively.
6) One thing I would like to improve upon is?
It is very unfortunate that we started our lecture late. More hours should be allocated for
lecturing by the tutors for compensation for the lost time.

References
Blaber, J., Adair, B. and Antoniou, A., 2015. Ncorr: open-source 2D digital image correlation
Matlab software. Experimental Mechanics, 55(6), pp.1105-1122.
Cruz, C.D., 2016. Genes Software-extended and integrated with the R, Matlab, and Selen. Acta
Scientiarum. Agronomy, 38(4), pp.547-552.
Flores, C.O., Poisot, T., Valverde, S. and Weitz, J.S., 2016. BiMat: a MATLAB package to
facilitate the analysis of bipartite networks. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 7(1), pp.127-132.
Oosterhof, N.N., Connolly, A.C. and Haxby, J.V., 2016. CoSMoMVPA: multi-modal
multivariate pattern analysis of neuroimaging data in Matlab/GNU Octave. Frontiers in
Neuroinformatics, 10, p.27.
Perlin, M., 2015. MS_Regress-the MATLAB package for Markov regime switching
models. Available at SSRN 1714016.
Sjöstrand, K., Clemmensen, L.H., Larsen, R., Einarsson, G. and Ersbøll, B.K., 2018. Spasm: A
Matlab toolbox for sparse statistical modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 84(10).
Vedaldi, A. and Lens, K., 2015, October. Malcontent: Convolutional neural networks for Matlab.
In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 689-692). ACM.
Vrugt, J.A., 2016. Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation using the DREAM software package:
Theory, concepts, and MATLAB implementation. Environmental Modelling & Software, 75,
pp.273-316.