Digital Divide: Definition, Factors, Impact, and Operational Working

The digital divide concept is used for society discrimination on the basis of the people who use internet and who do not use internet. The development of the smart phones increases the easy accessibility to the internet. The digital divide between internet user and non-internet user can be contrasted as people living in cities and rural areas. The article discusses the factors affecting the digital divide, its impact, and operational working.

Assignment
DIGITAL DIVIDE

Contents
1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................2
2. Definition and Explanation............................................................................................................2
Factors affecting the digital divide:...................................................................................................4
Impact of digital divide:.....................................................................................................................4
3. Digital Divide operational working...............................................................................................5
Conceptual framework of the Digital Divide:....................................................................................7
For Example: Working of 3D printing...............................................................................................8
4. Benefit:........................................................................................................................................10
5. Negative Impact...........................................................................................................................11
6. Digital Divide requirement to society..........................................................................................12
7. Specific challenges faced by the Information system professionals.............................................14
8. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................15
9. References:..................................................................................................................................15

1. Introduction
The technological revolution in the field of ICT trends and technologies and internet had
result into social and economic inequality. The digital divide concept is used for society
discrimination on the basis of the people who use internet and who do not use internet. The
demographics gaps are developed between the internet user and non-internet user. The
development of the smart phones increases the easy accessibility to the internet. The digital
divide between internet user and non-internet user can be contrasted as people living in cities
and rural areas (Chetty, Liu, Wenwei, Josie, Gcora, and Shenglin, 2017). The companies are
looking forward to provide high speed internet to the user for increasing the accessibility to
the global world. The digital divide helps in measuring the interrelationship between human
and computer.
The accessibility of the human interaction can be increased with the easy differentiation of
political, economic, and social values of the people. The people from all age groups are
getting attracted towards the use of internet program for getting access to the global world.
From the historical perspective view, we can predict that the discrimination among the
society goes on the basis of availability of telephone, mobile phones, desktop computer,
laptops, tablet, and others. The increasing innovation in the field of trends and technologies
divide the society into two halves (Williams, 2011). The accessing of the internet and its
connectivity to the global world is becoming the basic need of the people.
The people are depending on internet for satisfying their every basic need through the means
of internet such as deposition of the electricity bill, ticket booking, movies, restaurant, and
others. Every basic requirement can be fulfilled within a fraction of few clicks without
wasting time in the long queues at the corporation office of electricity department, restaurant,
shopping, ticket booking, and others. The people who are not able to use the internet service
have to waste their time in the long queues at the service centre. This create a feeling of
superiority and inferiority among the people on the basis of digitization.
2. Definition and Explanation
The digital divide bridges the gaps between the internet user and non-internet user. The
inclusion of ICT technology has segmented the society into two parts which are categorised
as internet user and non-internet user. The accessing of the internet depends on the

connection speed and required equipment such as Android mobiles and laptops. There are no
international boundaries for accessing the information. The required information can be
retrieved by the user from the global world.
Bridging the gaps between internet user and non-internet user:
From the research, it has been found that the government of the nations are developing
policies and procedures for arranging internet awareness program for the common people,
broadcasting of the TV channel for using the application of the internet, facility of call centre
for guiding them about using the applications, and others. The gaps which exist between the
internet user and non-internet user can be bridged by deploying the following:
 Economic equality: The use of internet is becoming the basic necessity of the people
because every business is looking forward to transform their working tactics to the
digital platform by initializing the concept of ICT technological advancement. The
use of ICT technologies helps in increasing the social welfare services for
incorporating the efficiency and accessibility in the daily working life structure.
 Social Mobility: The people from all age groups are getting attracted towards the use
of internet program for getting access to the global world. The government should
take some action to provide the facility of internet to all the children so that they can
enhance their skills, expertise and talent for their bright future.
 Democracy: The active participation of the people in the internet activities helps in
increasing accessibility to the global world. They can connect to the people living at
the far off places.
 Economic growth: The competitive advantage can be gained by the working
companies to enhance their productivity by adding new features to their component
products.
The non-users are continuously shifted towards the category of digital user. For examples:
The companies or small general stores who are working on the traditional policies and
structure have moved their working platform with digitization. The revolution in the world of
digitization has increased the difference and the discrimination among the people because the
affordability of the digital user increases because they are connected to the digital world. The
inequalities and discrimination opens new opportunities for the common people to expertise
their skills and talent by the inclusion of digital platform. The active participation of the
people increases the economic growth of the nation because it helps in improving the

capabilities of the people which helps in increasing the productivity at work place. The
quality of service can be provided by the employees who help in developing the product
according to the requirement of the customers.
Factors affecting the digital divide:
The digital divide condition in the user and non-user of the internet arises on the basis of
following reasons:
 On the basis of technology: The digital divide is divided on the basis of broadband
availability, support of available hardware, unavailability of internet connection, and
cost factor
 On the basis of economic factor: Cost and the price factors
 On the basis of social differences: difference in the gender, age of the people, and
others
 On the basis of geographical condition: division on the basis of rural and urban areas,
geographical location of the internet accessibility, and broadband availability
 On the basis of technology threats: The people are not trained for using the internet,
no provision for opportunities, and people are not comfortable with the technology
 On the basis of limited motivation: The people are not motivated and aware about the
good points of the digital innovation in the working culture of the enterprise. The
society is not well-developed and aware about the fundamental use of digital
platform, inefficiency of the government in managing awareness program for the
people, deploying role model for the people to map the digital effectiveness in
completing working process, and etc.
 Lack of Training and development program should be arranged for the people
Impact of digital divide:
The use of digital innovation in the working culture of the environment is the cost effective
method. The customer can get the product at minimum price with the utilization of e-
commerce websites because the business organization directly deals with the company for
selling of the product to customers. The hidden cost of the product can be eliminated such as
supplier, whole seller, and retailer cost. The customers are provided with the fairly low price
of the product than the market price of the product. The students and educators can retrieve
the information from the digital library with the inclusion of e-books. It helps in broadening
the knowledge of the students to sharpen their skills and talents. The students can get access

to the online library for the very minimum price. The e-books are available in the language in
which the student demands for reading. The capabilities of the individual can be enhanced by
providing right information at right time. The analysis of the information helps in increasing
decision making capabilities of the individual in complex situation. The study of literature
review and the case study helps in enhancing the learning experience of the individual.
3. Digital Divide operational working
The people are getting attracted towards the internet because it helps in providing information
within seconds. The acceleration in the accessing of the internet is increasing at very faster
rate due to the following reasons:
 Physical access: The accessibility of using the internet is increased with the
availability of smart phones and laptops. They are the physical devices which play as
a medium for accessing the internet.
 Material access: The digital divide concepts helps in gaining access to the material
and their implication to start some house hold works by the women. The expertise of
the people can be enhanced by learning new concepts and strategies. The connectivity
gaps should be resolved by providing high speed internet connectivity to the rural
areas also. The innovative policies should be attained for connecting people
worldwide.
 Motivational access: The non-user of the internet services are getting motivated by
analysing the services and application of the internet which made the work of the
people easy. It helps in bringing awareness programs for initializing new
opportunities of the people. The users are provided with the instant retrieval of the
information by spending no extra money. It does not require any extra skills to be
applied on using the internet. It is the matter of applying some few clicks to get
connected to the global world.
 Skill access: The active participation of the people increases the economic growth of
the nation because it helps in improving the capabilities of the people which helps in
increasing the productivity at work place. The quality of service can be provided by
the employees which helps in developing the product according to the requirement of
the customers.

The global accessing of the internet increases the amalgamation of different units in gaining
advantage for improving the lifestyle of the person to live a comfortable life. The concept of
digital divide is applied on individual level, global level, and corporate level. The digital
divide concepts divides the society on three levels. The problem of digital divide increases
with the inclusion of ICT technologies in the working of the organization. The customers are
moved towards the world of digitization because each and every corporation had undergone
a program of ecommerce for increasing their sale of product with the inclusion e-marketing
plans. The development of the social networking sites helps in enabling the customer
relationship program for the smooth functioning of the enterprise. The implication of digital
divide is applied on both framework of policies and managerial support. The strategic
implication of the ICT is the central structure of the globalization.
The exclusion of taxes, cashless transaction system, and trading under legislation divides the
corporations to go for attaining the ICT application in the working platform of their
enterprise. The companies are gaining competitive advantage with the deployment of digital
platform which increases the bonding with the customers from the global world which in turn
increases the return on investment, return on assets, and return on equity. The inclusion of
digital divide motivates the organization and the individual to get attracted towards the
implementation of innovation in their working culture. The division of the digital divide
concepts:
 Personal Level: The individual should be motivated towards making use of internet by
overcoming their technological, social, and economic issues which exist with the
users. The government of the nation should take action for motivating and arranging
awareness program for the common people to go digital for the easy accessing of
application and services from the global world. The people can connect to their
friends and families through the social media platform. The affordability of the
internet increases with the availability of the high speed networking speed, smart
phones, laptops, and others.
 Corporate Level: The competitive advantage by the corporate can be gained through
the implication of the ICT technologies in the working platform of the enterprise. The
strategic approach is developed by the organisation for insight the pros and cons of
the digitization. The security measures should be used for preserving the confidential
information to be accessed globally by the consumers and hackers which can
adversely affect the functioning of the enterprise. The involvement of social media

platform helps in effective deployment of marketing plans for attracting customers
from the global world. It opens the path for improvement for the organization by
taking positive and negative comments from the global customers.
 Global Level: The government are also using internet for making transactions at the
global level for increasing foreign demand interchange (Chetty, Liu, Wenwei, Josie,
Gcora, and Shenglin, 2017).
Conceptual framework of the Digital Divide:
The innovation in the trend and technologies is the heart of the digital divide because it give
rise to the accelerated growth of the ICT adoption policies and applications for completing
the business operation (Loy, 2014). The availability of the information increases the interest
of the individual to go for the digitization. The conceptual framework of the digital divide is
shown in the diagram below;

The digital divide framework shows the division of the ICT technologies on the basis of
innovation, access, and use. The new innovative application helps in gaining competitive
advantage and attracting new users. The easy accessibility of the website built a strong
bonding with the regular user of the website. The use of ICT application depends on the
rising demand of the digital user. The increasing demand of internet usage requires a
construction of easy accessing of the user centered design program for managing easy human
computer interaction. The compatibility of the interaction increases with the effective GUI
used for developing the application so that it can be used by every user either literate or
illiterate. The pictures and images should be used for icons.
For Example: Working of 3D printing
The development of 3D printing helps in bridging the gaps which exist with the physical
manufacturing of the product and the digital manufacturing of the product. The digital
products can be effectively developed by making use of 3D printing mechanism (Munos,
Kim, Armstrong, 2014). The materials are feed into the system to get required 3D output of
the product. The sequential layer of the process is deployed for getting a 3D print of the
product with the use of laser beam technology. The additive technology is proposed for
developing a 3D print of the project. The four processes are involved in the manufacturing of
the 3D prints.
 Light polymerization process: The light polymerization process is comprised of stereo
lithography, film transfer imaging process, digital light processing process, and a
polyjet process.
 Accretion Extrusion process: The fused deposition modelling process is used for
adding plastic wireframe in the development process of the 3D model.
 Granular material used for compounding process: The laser jet technology is used for
melting the powder material to be applied on the printer head. The additive process is
the accumulation of various process such as sintering selective laser process, selective
laser melting process, sintering direct metal laser process, melting through electron
beam, applying gypsum based 3D printing process, and printing through melted
powder material.

 Layered Lamination process: The laminated object manufacturing process for
developing a layer by layer 3D model of the manufacturing product (Kukshal and
Pant, 2017).
The involvement of 3D printing helps in reducing the cost of the product manufacturing
process. The traditional manufacturing requires huge amount of cost for setting up of the
factory. 40% to 60% of the manufacturing cost can be reduced by making use of 3D printing
in the manufacturing industries. The advantages of using 3D printing in the manufacturing
process over traditional manufacturing process:
 Development of the new manufacturing design process
 The phases of the traditional manufacturing process can be reduced with the effective
utilization of the 3D printing techniques
 Processing time of the product can be reduced
 Faster delivery of the finished product
 Manufacturing of the product in the global market
 40% to 60% of the manufacturing cost can be reduced by making use of 3D printing
in the manufacturing industries.
 The 3D printing manufacturing process is 10 times faster than the traditional
manufacturing process.
 The 3D printing in the cost effective solution for the manufacturing industries
 The product can be rapidly launched in the global market
 The complex design of the project can be effectively made
 Mass production cost can be reduced
From the above discussion, we can analyse that the use of digital technology is more effective
than the traditional working practice. The 3D prototypes are highly acceptable by the
suppliers and customers due to the reduced cost of the project with improved quality. The
spare parts of the warehouse and logistics organizations can be effectively done with the use
of 3D printing process. Most of the companies are looking forward to implement 3D printing
process in the manufacturing of the product. The 3D printing technology is effective for
developing the prototype model of the complex project, designing of the spare parts, and
others (Srinuan, Chalita, Bohlin, and Erik. 2011). The 3D printing is the good example to
differentiate the effectiveness of the digital environment and the non-digital working
environment.

The development of the e-ecommerce website is the other example for measuring the huge
difference which exists with the digital and non-digital working process. The development of
the e-commerce website for the organization helps in increasing customers from the global
market. The marketing campaigns on the social media platform about the product of the
organization results in increasing the sale of the product through online and offline medium.
The brand awareness to the customers helps in memorizing the product which helps in
increasing the profitability of the enterprise.
The traditional working of the small business provides supply of the product to the limited
numbers of customers of that area. The global customers are not accompanied with the
organization. Therefore, the profit earned by the organization is also limited (Acilar, 2011).
The organization opens branch offices in different site locations of the country without
having networking connection through the digital medium will increase differences in the
business plan of the organization. The inaccuracy in the working process cans result into
lower return on investment of the business unit. The conversion of traditional expansion of
the organization to a digital conversion with the inclusion of ERP system, CRM system,
cloud service model, and virtual private network helps in increasing the return on investment
of the organization 40% greater than the traditional working platform (Panda, Chattar, and
Mharana, 2015).
4. Benefit:
The revolution in the digital world is gained though the inclusion of ICT technologies
innovation in the working structure of the firm. The organizations are looking forward to
expand their working platform to different cities and states so that their product and services
should provide benefits to the global customers (DJik, 2006). The strong bonding between
the user and organization can be developed effectively with the use of digital world. The
digital innovation in the working environment of the enterprise helps in developing
automation system in the different department of the organization such as HR, accounts,
sales, purchase, and others with the inclusion of ERP system in the working tactics of the
business organization.
The digital divide of the society works as an index for the development of application so that
an operation framework can be developed for digital users and non-digital users. The
customers are provided with the fairly low price of the product than the market price of the

product. The students and educators can retrieve the information from the digital library with
the inclusion of e-books. It helps in broadening the knowledge of the students to sharpen their
skills and talents. The students can get access to the online library for the very minimum
price (Stiakakis, Kariotellis, and Vlachopoulou, 2015). The e-books are available in the
language in which the student demands for reading. There is no gender discrimination done
on accessing knowledge through the internet. The women can use their leisure time in
developing some household things and start earning through the use of internet. The digital
innovation helps in bringing advancement in the working of daily routine activities. The
major focus is given on saving time and money in carrying out activities. The efficiency and
effectiveness can be gained with the use of digital platform for fetching knowledge in
completing the assigned task.
5. Negative Impact
The digital divide is the process of segmentation between the digital user and non-digital
user. The organization which deals with electronic commerce are negatively affected by the
digital divide because it limits the customers towards the organization as only digital users
can go for doing trading with the e-commerce website. From the historical perspective view,
we can predict that the discrimination among the society goes on the basis of availability of
telephone, mobile phones, desktop computer, laptops, tablet, and others. The increasing
innovation in the field of trends and technologies divide the society into two halves. The
accessing of the internet and its connectivity to the global world is becoming the basic need
of the people.
The developing countries are facing problem is providing high speed internet connection to
their citizen. It makes the digital application for the company ineffective because people are
not able to use it frequently. The people located at rural areas also face the problem of poor
internet connection which increases the discrimination in the rural people. From the research,
it had been analysed that in spite of some drawbacks the digitization is gaining accelerated
growth. IT can be measured by the increase in the smart phone user which is around 74% and
the transformation of the organization to the digital platform of trading with the development
of e-commerce website and e-marketing plans which is around 59.87%. The government
should arrange some effective program, policies, and action plan for motivating the people to
be digital (Srinuan and Bohlin, 2011). The equipment such as mobile phones and laptops

should be provided at lower cost so that the people of rural areas increase their accessibility
through the global platform.
The customers of the business organizations are negatively harmed by the digital association
in the working practices of the enterprise. The trading procedures which are carried with the
enterprise for purchasing of the product are cope up with some security issues. The customers
have to give their personal detail and confidential details of the debit or credit card for doing
transaction through the online sources. The security risks associated with the data leakages
which can loss the confidentiality and integrity of the information. The confidential
information of the customers should be kept confidential. The increasing growth of digital
world increases the cyber-attack activities for hacking the confidential information of the
company and the user (Compaine, 2001).
The legal agreement should be signed by the bank employees to keep the information stored
of the customers in the database confidential and accurate. The automatic upgrading of the
data base system can helps in presenting the accurate and confidential information of the
user. The efficiency of the protection mechanism which are used for protecting the
information of the user helps in evaluation the effectiveness of the data integrity and
accuracy. The most common cyber-attacks are fraud, damage to the privacy of the individual,
and phishing. Majorly, the victims of the cyber-attacks are mainly the non-user of the digital
world who are new to the digital innovation platform. The attacker can easily retrieve the
confidential information from the user through the process of phishing and building strong
communication through the social platform (Gudmundottis, 2013).
6. Digital Divide requirement to society
The new policies and procedures should implied on the society for increasing the awareness
of the being digital. The cash less mode of transaction helps in increasing the economic
growth of the nation. The sustainability approach can be initialized by including the ICT
technologies in the digital platform of the organization. The connectivity gaps should be
resolved by providing high speed internet connectivity to the rural areas also. The innovative
policies should be attained for connecting people worldwide. The availability and reliability
of retrieving the data motivates the user to use the internet services for their affordability. The
implementation of the ICT technologies in the organization helps in resolving the economic
and social issues which exist with the society.

The policy makers of the organization focuses on analysing the digital divide segmentation of
the society because the development of an application depends on the target audience who is
going to use the application. The analysis of the target audience involves the type of category
for which the application is going to be developed. The deigning of the application involves
pictures and graphic icons if it is developed for non-digital user so that it can help in
attracting them with the easy accessibility of the application by simple clicking on the images
and graphics icon. The digital divide of the society works as an index for the development of
application so that an operation framework can be developed for digital users and non-digital
users. The decision making capabilities of the policy makers can be improved by analysing
the digital divide of the society it influence because it helps in division of resources and the
task according to the expertise of the employees (Hargittai, 2014).
The digital divide is the accumulation of information and communication technologies, social
sciences, economics and business management platform (Vengerfeldt, 2003). The use of ICT
technologies in the transformation of traditional tactics to digitization helps in changing the
purchasing behaviour of the customers due to the easy accessing of the item for requirement.
The implementation of social sciences helps in bridging out gaps which exist with the society
in the discrimination between digital user and non-digital user. The economic condition of the
nation can be improved with the cashless transaction in trading because it helps in
minimizing the black money of the retailers. The customers have to pay the actual price of
the product without any hidden cost. The accessibility of the user to the digital world can be
improved with the development of ICT application for the organization (Vengerfeldt, 2003).
The broadband internet connection should be provided in the rural areas for increasing the
accessibility and availability of the digital data. The concept of digital divide brings social
change due to the inclusion of technological advancement in the digital world. The easy
accessing of the gaps helps in increasing the nation’s economy. The connectivity,
accessibility, and availability of data increases the human computer interaction through the
digital application which is designed for providing products or services to the customers on
their demand. The poor and the rural people are not provided with effective equipment for
using the internet such as smart mobile phones and high broadband internet connectivity. The
government should develop some action plan for promoting weaker section of the society to
make use of digital applications. The educational awareness program helps the non-user to
get training about using the internet for managing connection between different sections of
the society.

The public policies and training program should be arranged by the government to develop a
digital nation without any discrimination between digital user and non-digital user. The
regular users of the digital world are different section of the society such a educator,
organizations, governmental agencies, business, and NGO’s. The teachers, students, common
people are come under the category of educators which make use of digital application for
retrieving data for carrying out their day to day activities and gain knowledge to enhance
their expertise. The development of the digital industries works on developing e-marketing
plan through the inclusion of social media platform in the e-commerce website for the
organization (Dewan, and Riggins, 2005). The governmental agencies make use of digital
world by having communication with the higher authority people through the inclusion of
social media platform. The marketing of new laws and legislation can be effectively done
through the digital platform at the global level. The implementation of the new innovation in
the ICT technologies can be effectively develops a bridge between different communication
parties (Bansode and patil, 2011).
7. Specific challenges faced by the Information system professionals
The major challenges which are faced by the information system professionals are as below:
Infrastructure Challenge: The non-availability of the right infrastructure to deploy the project
is the major challenge for the information system specialist. They have to design the
applications according to the availability of the hardware, software, and network support. The
inefficiency in the working of the application will arise due to the improper management of
infrastructure for accessing and using the application (Jyoti, 2011).
 Skills and Expertise challenge: The availability of the expert person for using the
application developed by the IT professionals. The training and development program
should be deployed for providing training to the employees for using the system. It
increases the cost of the project
 Cost Challenge: The limited availability of the funds for developing an application
with the use of limited resources. The accessing of the internet through the cyber-café
increases the cost and extra burden on the individual (Prudhomme, Clark, and Duffy,
2015).

8. Conclusion
We can conclude that the digital divide concept is used for society discrimination on the basis
of the people who use internet and who do not use internet. The increasing innovation in the
field of trends and technologies divide the society into two halves. The accessing of the
internet and its connectivity to the global world is becoming the basic need of the people. The
operational efficiency of the digital divide can be examine with the help of 3D printing. The
involvement of 3D printing helps in reducing the cost of the product manufacturing process.
The traditional manufacturing requires huge amount of cost for setting up of the factory. 40%
to 60% of the manufacturing cost can be reduced by making use of 3D printing in the
manufacturing industries. The broadband internet connection should be provided in the rural
areas for increasing the accessibility and availability of the digital data. The concept of digital
divide brings social change due to the inclusion of technological advancement in the digital
world. The easy accessing of the gaps helps in increasing the nation’s economy. The
government should develop some action plan for promoting weaker section of the society to
make use of digital applications. The educational awareness program helps the non-user to
get training about using the internet for managing connection between different sections of
the society. The public policies and training program should be arranged by the government
to develop a digital nation without any discrimination between digital user and non-digital
use.
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