Specifications of Digital PID temperature controller

Part A
13) 1) Temperature Sensor: K-type Thermocouple
Transmitter: Omega TX13 in head mounting thermocouple transmitter
PID Controller: Digital PID temperature controller
Table 1: Specifications of Digital PID temperature controller
Input sensor Universal
Model Name and Number DQ 100 UN
Control type High Limit
Type Automatic
Temperature range 1200°C
Low level detection device: Capacitance measurement Probe
2) Explanation:
i. K-type Thermocouple could be used, which measures a broad range of temperature
detection (-200°C-1260 °C). The temperature sensor is usually Ni plated that promotes an
excellent resistance towards corrosion. In order to measure the uniform temperature
within the electroplating bath, the thermocouple should be placed within a glass tube
filled with water.
ii. The temperature transmitter Omega TX13 has the capacity to get integrated with the K-
type thermocouple. This transmitter converts the temperature to a standard signal of 4-20
mA. The temperature sensor along with the transmitter will be provided with the
protection head supported with the stainless steel (Tao Liu & Furong Gao, 2009).
iii. Digital PID temperature controller supports Auto tunings and could also work with the
Pt100/J/K, R, S, T type thermocouple. PID controller takes significant action and also
delivers control output at desired levels. PID controller maintains the output in a way of
promoting much minimized error among the process variable and the set point in closed
loop operations.
iv. Capacitance level sensor could handle point or continuous level measurement. Usually
the sensor will be in the form of a probe type that converts the change in capacitance vale
in the form of analog signals. They are able to withstand high temperature and non-
corrosive. When the liquid in the tank falls below a minimum range the sensor detects
and could provide it in the form of signal. PTFE model could be used to prevent it from
short circuiting.
3) PID controller:

Figure 1: PID control of Electroplating bath
4) PID controller is the most suitable one for this process due to the following reasons:
 Proportional controller when used alone could provide with offset error
 PI (Proportional and Integral controller) could be used but Integral controller provides
oscillations that is formed as a noise factor, which could be eliminated with the
Derivative controller (Rosinová & Veselý, 2017)
Part 2:
1)
Transmitte
r
Range Output 4-20 mA
Flow Measured
mA
Expecte
d
mA
% Error
(span)
Calculated flow
based upon
readings
100 3.8 4 -0.05% 99.95
150 7.9 8
-
0.0125
% 149.98
200 12.1 12
0.0083
% 200.0166
250 16.4 16 0.025% 250.0625
300 21.5 20 0.075% 300.225
250 16.2 16
0.0125
% 250.0312
200 12.3 12 0.025% 200.05
150 8.2 8 0.025% 150.0375
100 3.9 4
-
0.025% 99.97

2) a) Orifice plate:
One of the simplest equipment in measuring the differential pressure is the orifice plate. The
pipleline through which the differential pressure is measured should be inserted with the orifice
plate. This plate causes an increase in the velocity of flow and decreases pressure. Positioning
the pressure tap also lays a major role in obtaining differential pressure.
 For all pipe size, the tap should lie within the same position relative to the orifice plane.
 The error rate could be minimized when the tap is located at a position where the pressure
profile is least (Zhai and Yu, 2009).
Types of taps:
 Flange taps
 Radius taps
 Corner taps
 Vena contracta taps
 Full flow/pipe taps
b) U-tube Manometer:
This instrument could be fitted along with the orifice plate in the two varying pressure tapings.
The difference in the pressure obtained by the U-tube manometer is given as,
P1−P2= ( ρm− ρf ) h
Where,
ρm −¿Density of manometer fluid
ρf −¿ Density of the given fluid
h- height of the restriction liquid at the differential column.
c) Venturi flow meters:
It promotes continuous contact among the flow of the fluid and he surface of the primary device.
Venturi tubes have a convergence entrance with the divergent outlet. The middle region is the
throat section from which 6-8 pressure taps that connects the throat to the annular chamber is
provided. This averages the throat pressure. The taps pave the way in measuring the throat
pressure.
3) a) SITRANS FM MAG 3100 P (7ME634)

b) link: https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/automation/process-instrumentation/flow-
measurement/electromagnetic/sitrans-f-m-mag-3100-p.html
c) Conductive fluid flow measurement could be obtained by this flow meter. This follows the
principle of Electromagnetic Induction
d)