DIKW Model and CRAAP Test in Research Methods

The report explains the DIKW model and CRAAP test in research methods. It discusses different research approaches and data collection methods. The report also highlights the importance of grit test and Crap test in academic work. It concludes by emphasizing the need for individuals to be committed and focused towards achieving their long-term goals.

Component 2 Research
Methods

Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
DIKW model or DIKW pyramid can be referred as a method wherein roots in knowledge
management in order to explain the ways in which the data to information, knowledge and
wisdom with various actions as well as decisions (Allmann and Blank, 2021). DIKW stands for
data, information, knowledge as well as wisdom. CRAAP model stands for currency, relevance,
authority, accuracy and purpose and the process helps in identifying if a particular source is
credible or not. A research can be defined as a systematic process that involves collecting data
based on the research topic and analyzing the same in order to develop useful interpretations.
There are different research approaches that can be adopted by the researcher such as inductive
as well as deductive approach. Qualitative as well as quantitative are also the different types of
research approaches that the researcher can adopt in order to complete the research in an
effective manner. The respective report explains the CRAAP test as well as DIKW model so that
the readers are able to develop an understanding about the same.
MAIN BODY
Discuss Research
A research can be defined as a study that is conducted in a systematic as well as
structured manner and involves the collection of data, analyzing it as well as making sure that the
interpretations that are obtained are effective as well as useful. A researcher can adopt different
research approaches such as qualitative, quantitative, inductive as well as deductive (Biletska and
et.al., 2021). The researcher can choose the most appropriate research approach based on the
requirement of the study. It also involves different types of data collection methods such as
primary as well as secondary methods such as questionnaire, interview, observation, books,
journals etc. different methods of data collection can help the researcher in gathering effective
information that is authentic as well as reliable. A research can be conducted because of different
purposes such as to identify the customers’ buying behavior etc. Therefore, it can be said that
research is an important aspect that can not only help the reader in developing an understanding
about an underlying concept or any other topic.
Russel Approach

Rusell is an educational procedure of self-development. Self-improvement is best
possible thru society. Rusell is an method that facilitates in collection and evaluation of
qualitative and quantitative information systematically.
A major component of Russell's philosophical work was the development of a distinctive method
of philosophizing, which, though he consistently applied it throughout his career, has been
largely ignored. This lack of understanding of Russell's method has been a main cause of the still
widespread perception that the progress of his philosophy is fragmented and erratic.
Rusell technique help in getting of legitimate and reliable consequences in the direction of
precise location of examine or subject matter (Hänninen, Taipale and Luostari, 2021).
Qualitative method beneath Rusell includes exceptional sorts of methodologies which are
inductive approach, interpretivisim philosophy and lots of greater. These are powerful
methodologies and facilitate investigator n attainment of common dreams and targets about the
subject. Quantitative approach underneath Rusell technique also consists of various form of
methodologies, which can be positivism philosophy, deductive technique etc. These
methodologies facilitate investigator in attainment of particulate goal and goal of the look at in a
hit way.
DIKW Pyramid
The Data, Wisdom, Knowledge, Wisdom (DIKW) Pyramid, also known as the
Understanding Pyramid, Intelligence Hierarchy, and Information Hierarchy, is a common
illustration of the relationships between data, information, knowledge, and intelligence. The
Knowledge Pyramid, like many other ladder models, contains tightly defined construction
blocks: results come first, then intelligence, then expertise, and lastly enlightenment. Each phase
of the pyramid provides credibility to the data by answering questions about it. The higher we
climb the pyramid, the more questions we answer. In the other words, ever more substance and
perspective we add to our data, the more information and discoveries we gain. The relationship
between data, know-how, learning, and statistics is represented by the DIKW pyramid. These are
the first levels in the DIKW pyramid, and they aid in the development of correct problem info
(Peimani and Kamalipour., 2021). This presents a new model group for illustrating ostensibly
practical and structural courtship between records, facts, comprehension, and knowledge.
Generally, any circumstance is characterized in terms of stats, and information is described in

terms of comprehension. As a result, it is a robust and effective version for laying out data and
records in a certain field of interest.
And instead see content as a collection of facts, we turn it into knowledge whenever orgnisation
learn both how to achieve our goals. For firms, this expertise is typically a significant advantage.
Once we find links that are not really explicitly displayed as material, we gain deeper insights,
bringing us heavier the DIKW pyramid. For illustration, we must organize our information in a
way everything that highlights links between datasets than appear to be unconnected. More
exactly, we may look at the Bloomberg intraday performances by creating a map of sample
points for a given timeframe using the data for every day instead of close.
Data - Information consists of untreated or unplanned info, such as numerals or messages, in an
unedited or structured form. Data, and from the other contrary, can be worthless if it isn't
presented in the right context. Information is the second building component in the DIKW
Pyramid. This is information that has already been "cleaned" of errors or further manipulated to
make it easier to quantify, evaluate, and evaluate for a certain function. Depending on the goals,
big data might comprise a number of procedures also including grouping to locate the relevant
sets of data, accreditation to ensure that the gathered data is valuable and trustworthy, etc.
The DIKW hierarchy is topped by wisdom, which requires us to answer questions like "why do
something" and "what is best." Wisdom, in other terms, is the acquisition of modern. We might
also say that, whereas data and information are related with what we do now and what we aspire
to achieve in the future, knowledge and wisdom are associated with what we do now.

Data is a hodgepodge that must be sorted out before it can be used. The DIKW hierarchy
demonstrates how data is transformed into knowledge, skill, and intelligence. Now let us
examine at the concept of the DIKW hierarchy: Data, Info, Explanation, and Wisdom are
represented by the symbols D, I, K, and W, etc. The DIKW system's ability to transform facts
into insights may also be looked at this from two angles: environment and cognition. Inside this
setting, one moves from gathering information to relating inputs to outputs, building a whole
(learning), and integrating slits collectively.
CRAAP Test
CRRAP is a acrimony that is based on currency relevance, authority, accuracy and
purpose. It is based on the information was posted or published. It is related to the view that the
information is present or out of date as per Specific needs. Relevance is another aspect that is
based on information with respect to answering of a particular question as per need of audiences.
Further there is need to identify various source before determining which one to be selected in
the course of research work. Further in the CRAAP test next aspect is the publisher, source or the
sponsor. Accuracy is a aspect that is associated with the source from information is coding and

whether the information is timely reviewed or referred. Further there is need to verify the
information from the personal knowledge Untitled to ensure that there are no grammar, spelling
or typographical errors,. Another aspect of CRAAP model is r elated with the purpose what is the
purpose of information, sponsors of making the purpose more clear. It has to be ensured that the
point of view as per to be objective and is complete impartial as per the needs of the topic. It is
very important for the purpose of making reliability of the overall information sources across the
scenario of academic disciplines, it is used for the purpose of evaluation of sources so that
researcher is able to reduce the likelihood of using any type of unreliable information in the
course of a academic work. This is mainly adopted by higher educational institutions for the
purpose of reducing any type of errors that may arise while depicting the authentic as well as
reliable sources of information in the course of having sufficient information base. It is starting
with one step forward to look at the recent trends of information and exhibit the constant
research changes that are sourcing as the technology is expanding in the present scenario.
Interpretation
Yes No
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Chart Title
From the graph, it can be stated that 150 people have knowledge about the concept of grit test
whereas 25 are not aware about the same. This means that most people are aware about the
concept of grit test and that they have used the same during their academics or their workplace.
on the other hand, the remaining 25 respondents stated that they are not aware about the same

because they have never heard about the test and neither have they implemented the test
anywhere practically. Therefore, it can be said that grit test should be included in the research so
that people are able to enhance their knowledge about the same.
Once a while twice many never
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Chart Title
Series1 Series2
It can be interpreted that many people, 150 have used grit test once in a while where as 25 stated
that they have only used it twice and hence are not aware about the same. On the other hand, 20
respondents stated that they have used it many time and lastly 5 were aware about the same.
Questions Frequency
Q. 1. Do you have information about Grit Test?
A. Yes 150
B. No 25
Q2. Have you ever taken part in any Grit Test in your study
life?
A. Once a while
B. Twice
C. Many

D. Never
Q3. Are you aware about Crap Test?
A. Yes 100
B. No 75
Q4. Have you ever giver Crap Test in your study life?
A. Once 50
B. Twice 20
C. Many times 100
D. Never 05
Q5. Have you ever researched ways to improve scores of Crap
test and Grit Test?
A. Yes 150
B. No 25
Theme 3: Are you aware about Crap Test?

100
75
Chart Title
A. Yes B. No
As per the graph, it is said that around 100 students are aware about Crap test, while, 75
students have no information about Crap test. It is recommended to student to search what is the
test and also participate in it so to check the objective reliability of information sources across
academic disciplines
Theme 4: Have you ever given Crap Test in your study life?
50
20
100
5
Chart Title
A. Once B. Twice C. Many times D. Never

From the presented graph, it is determind that around 100 students have given Crap test
in their study life, while, 5 says that they have never given such type of test. At same
time, 20 says that twicve and 100 says many time.
Theme 5: Have you ever researched ways to improve scores of Crap test and Grit Test?
150
25
Chart Title
A. Yes B. No
Out of 175 stuidents, 150 says that they have resrecahed about the test, while 25 says that they
have never resrecahed for both types of tests.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that DIKW model is important and can help in
the conversion of data to information as well as knowledge and finally to wisdom. Apart from
this, it can also be concluded that the CRAAP model is an important aspect that can also be used
in order to determine if the individuals are focused towards achieving their long-term goals or
not. Therefore, this will help in developing different strategies as well as methods to ensure that
the individuals are committed as well as focused towards achieving their goals in an effective
manner.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Alaoutinen, M., 2021. Developing interactive data visualizations for web UIs.
Allmann, K. and Blank, G., 2021. Rethinking digital skills in the era of compulsory computing:
methods, measurement, policy and theory. Information, Communication & Society, 24(5),
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Berchtold, E., 2018. Methods for explaining biological systems and high-throughput
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Biletska, I.O. and et.al., 2021. The use of modern technologies by foreign language teachers:
developing digital skills. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S2), pp.16-27.
Chaplin, J. and Martinez-Arellano, G., 2020. Manufacturing Systems Analysis.
Deepu, T.S. and Ravi, V., 2021. A conceptual framework for supply chain digitalization using
integrated systems model approach and DIKW hierarchy. Intelligent Systems with
Applications, p.200048.
Hänninen, R., Taipale, S. and Luostari, R., 2021. Exploring heterogeneous ICT use among older
adults: The warm experts’ perspective. new media & society, 23(6), pp.1584-1601.
Huggett, J., 2020. Is big digital data different? Towards a new archaeological paradigm. Journal
of Field Archaeology, 45(sup1), pp.S8-S17.
Jennex, M.E., 2017. Big data, the internet of things, and the revised knowledge pyramid. ACM
SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 48(4), pp.69-
79.
Martinez, W. and Barbosa, S., 2018, July. Building a Portuguese oenological dictionary.
In Proceedings of the XVIII EURALEX International Congress (No. 1ª, pp. 351-361).
Ljubljana University Press, Faculty of Arts.
Peimani, N. and Kamalipour, H., 2021. Online education and the covid-19 outbreak: A case
study of online teaching during lockdown. Education Sciences, 11(2), p.72.
Yang, C., De Baets, B. and Lachat, C., 2019, December. From DIKW pyramid to graph
database: a tool for machine processing of nutritional epidemiologic research data.
In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) (pp. 5202-5205). IEEE.