Construction Materials Selection for Earthquake and Wind Prone Areas and Plastering and Plumbing Purchase Order

This report discusses the selection of construction materials for earthquake and wind prone areas and provides a purchase order for plastering and plumbing equipment. It includes criteria for material selection, area-wise material selection, and a checklist for faulty equipment.

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION
Student Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

Task 2
Assessment A
Part 1
Selection of the Construction Materials
In this particular report, the selected areas of the construction were:
 Earthquake Prone Areas
 Windy areas
Criteria For materials Selection
The selection of the materials for the construction considered factors like:
Durability/Degeneration rate: The material must be durable enough to meet the strength
requirement of the structure/ must withstand forces which it is yet to be subjected.
Recyclable: Environmental pollution is considered to be very sensitive of late. The materials
must show the ability to be recycled(Akpomiemie 2015)
Availability: Suggestion of construction materials must consider the material availability. It is
only through this mechanism that the project will be completed.
Area Material Explanation on Criteria
Earthquake Prone areas Concrete Structures:
Cavity Bricks
Core filled with concrete
blocks
Single Skin clay block
Cavity bricks are readily
available materials. Also they
can easily be recycled to avoid
waste accumulation. They are
very vulnerable to seismic
forces thus not suitable.
Alternative materials for the
same can be core filled with
concrete blocks.
Core filled with concrete
blocks are readily available.
They are durable and best
suitable for construction in the
seismic prone areas.
Single Skin clay block are
readily available. These

Tilt-up Concrete Panels
materials are recyclable too.
However they are not suitable
for construction in earthquake
prone areas due to low
durability
Tilt-up Concrete Panels are
prone to failure is seismic
places or zones although they
are readily available. Modern
Tilt-up Concrete Panels
Can be recycled
Cladding Materials:
Brick Veneer
Colourbond and Zincalume
sheeting.
Stuccoed stud walls
Weatherboards
They are readily available and
recyclable. These materials
can be used anywhere for the
construction.
Colourbond and Zincalume
sheeting are recyclable
although they are not readily
available. The materials can
be used anywhere in the
construction industry. They
are very durable.
Stuccoed stud walls are very
sensitive to cracks on the
walls. Although they are
durable and recyclable, they a
are not suitable for the
construction in the seismic
zones
Weatherboards are durable
when properly maintained. Its
components are recyclable.
They can be used in the
construction in such areas but
under special conditions.

Floor System
Bearers and joists
Brick bases
Compressed sheet wet area
Flooring
Concrete slab floors which
includes slabs on the ground
floor as well as suspended
slabs
Engineered Floor joists
Bearers and joists are usually
known for effective
connection with the systems of
the floor. They are durable
when properly taken care of.
In case of the seismic zone
construction, these materials
are preferable. In very extreme
cases can they be recycled.
They are replaceable.
Brick bases will be preferred
due to their durable properties.
They are available. These
materials cannot resist minor
forces which lead to cracks
due to their brittle nature.
They can be alternated with
compressed wet sheets.
Compressed sheets can
withstand significant amount
of force. They will be
preferred for the flooring
system in such seismic places.
Besides that, they are readily
available.
Concrete slabs are relatively
strong and are readily
available. The y can be used in
places of seismic waves. They
are however not recyclable.
Engineered Floor joists are

Fitted floors
Platform floor construction
Sheet flooring
Tongue and groove flooring
specially made with means if
reinforcement that is meant to
increase their strengths. They
are just suitable for the
construction in the earthquake
prone areas.
Fitted floors have the
advantage of flexibility and
this reduces their chances of
damage during earthquakes.
These components can be
recycled during repair and
they are very durable when
properly maintained.
Platform floor construction is
preferred in the case of storey
buildings since they are light
and will not add much weight
to the structural system. They
are durable under proper
maintenance. They are readily
available.
Sheet flooring are slightly
expensive and durable. They
have flexible ctracatristics
which allow them to support
significant amount of forces.
Its components can be
recycled under special
conditions.
Timber and Timber
structures
Timber structures will be
utilized for the case of
earthquake-prone area
buildings. They are light and
stronger hence exert very little
weight on the structure itself.

Wind Prone Areas Concrete Structures:
Cavity Bricks
Core filled with concrete
blocks
Single Skin clay block
Tilt-up Concrete Panels
Cavity bricks are readily
available materials. Also they
can easily be recycled to avoid
waste accumulation. They are
very vulnerable to dynamic
loading due to loading effects
thus not suitable. Alternative
materials for the same can be
core filled with concrete
blocks.
They are highly
recyclable .Core filled with
concrete blocks are readily
available. They are durable
and best suitable for
construction in the wind prone
areas.
Never strong as required.
Single Skin clay block are
readily available. These
materials are recyclable too.
However they are not suitable
for construction in dynamic
loading prone areas due to low
durability. Alternative option
can be use of cavity Bricks.
They are relatively weak .Tilt-
up Concrete Panels are prone
to failure in dynamic load
places due to wind effects or
zones although they are
readily available. Modern Tilt-
up Concrete Panels
Can be recycled

Cladding Materials:
Brick Veneer
Colourbond and Zincalume
sheeting.
Stuccoed stud walls
Weatherboards
They are very durable. They
are readily available and
recyclable. These materials
can be used anywhere for the
construction.
Colourbond and Zincalume
sheeting are recyclable
although they are not readily
available. The materials can
be used anywhere in the
construction industry. They
are very durable.
Not suitable at all. Stuccoed
stud walls are very sensitive to
cracks on the walls. Although
they are durable and
recyclable, they a are not
suitable for the construction in
the dynamic loading zones.
Alternative materials should
be the use of weatherboards
Best materials for cladding in
windy areas. Weatherboards
are durable when properly
maintained. Its components
are recyclable. They can be
used in the construction in
such areas but under special
conditions.
Floor System

Bearers and joists
Brick bases
Compressed sheet wet area
flooring
Concrete slab floors which
includes slabs on the ground
floor as well as suspended
slabs
Bearers and joists are usually
known for effective
connection with the systems of
the floor. They are durable
when properly taken care of.
In case of the wind prone
areas construction, these
materials are preferable. In
very extreme cases can they
be recycled. They are
replaceable.
Due to dynamic load system,
Brick bases will be preferred
due to their durable properties.
They are available. These
materials cannot resist minor
forces which lead to cracks
due to their brittle nature.
They can be alternated with
compressed wet sheets
Compressed sheets wet
flooring can withstand
significant amount of force
even when under dynamic
loading. They will be
preferred for the flooring
system in such seismic places.
Besides that, they are readily
available.
They can be made on the site.

Engineered Floor joists
Fitted floors
Platform floor construction
Sheet flooring
Concrete slabs are relatively
strong and are readily
available. The y can be used in
places of dynamic loads due to
wind effects. They are
however not recyclable.
Are readily available and
recyclable .Engineered Floor
joists are specially made with
means if reinforcement that is
meant to increase their
strengths. They are just
suitable for the construction in
the wind prone areas.
They are readily available.
Fitted floors have the
advantage of flexibility and
this reduces their chances of
damage during strong wind.
These components can be
recycled during repair and
they are very durable when
properly maintained.
Swaying or dynamic loads can
be supported by these
constructions. Platform floor
construction is preferred in the
case of storey buildings since
they are light and will not add
much weight to the structural
system. They are durable
under proper maintenance.
They are readily

Tongue and groove flooring
available(Wong and Zhou
2015).
Sheet flooring is slightly
expensive and durable. They
have flexible characteristics
which allow them to support
significant amount of forces.
Its components can be
recycled under special
conditions.
Timber and Structures Windy areas are characterized
by the dynamic forces.
Structures made from timber
will be most preferred.
Timber is light and durable.
They are readily available and
can withstand significant
amount of swaying forces.
Part 2
Purchase Order

PLASTERING
PURCHASE ORDER
MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
ITEM DESCRIPTI
ON
QT
Y
Mean
s of
Storag
e
Transport
and
delivery
instruction
Damage
preventi
on
measures
Other
Requireme
nts
UNIT
PRIC
E
($
TOTA
L
Pointin
g
Trowel
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 45 1
Corner
Trowel
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 39 1
Finishin
g
Trowel
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
Use of
Pick –ups
and
Proper
handling
and
N/A 50 1

place wheelbarro
w
using for
the
intended
purpose
Straight
edge
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 45 1
Tin
Snips
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
1and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 200 1
Plaster
mixing
bath
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 50 1
Spirited
level
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
Keep in
horizontal
position
76 1
Brushes NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 47 1
Scrappe NEW Cool Use of Proper N/A 9 1

r and
Dry
place
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
Texture
Brush
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 8 1
Special instruction Sub-Total…$ 568
Tax11%
Shipping0.9%.
If you have any question regarding this purchase order please contact
JARED OWILI OCHIENG
[phone]
[e-mail]
PAINTING
CHECKLIST
Materials packed as per the company standards

MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY OKAY/FAULTY ACTION TO BE
TAKEN WHEN
FAULTY
Pointing Trowel NEW 1 NO/YES Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Corner Trowel NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Finishing Trowel NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Straight edge NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Tin Snips NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Plaster mixing
bath
NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Spirited level NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Brushes NEW 1 Return within

24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Scrapper NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Texture Brush NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
PLUMBING
PURCHASE ORDER
MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
ITEM DESCRIPTI
ON
QT
Y
Mean
s of
Storag
e
Transport
and
delivery
instruction
Damage
preventi
on
measure
s
Other
Requireme
nts
UNIT
PRIC
E
TOTA
L
Bending
and
Forming
NEW Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
Proper
handling
and
using for
N/A 35

w the
intended
purpose
Deburri
ng Tool
NEW Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 55
Wrench
es
NEW Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 95
Pipe and
Tube
cutting
NEW Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 53
Pipe
inspecti
on
Cameras
NEW Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of
Pick –ups
and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 50
Special instruction Sub-Total $ 288
Tax 11%
Shipping…0.9%
All the equipment were packed as per the
company recommendations

If you have any question regarding this purchase order please contact
JARED OWILI OCHIENG
[phone]
[e-mail]
CHECKLIST
MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY OKAY/FAULTY ACTION TO BE
TAKEN WHEN
FAULTY
Bending and
Forming
NEW 1 YES/NO Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Deburring Tool NEW 1 YES/NO Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Wrenches NEW 1 YES/NO Return within
24hrs to the
purchase

Hardware
Pipe and Tube
cutting
NEW 1 YES/NO Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Pipe inspection
Cameras
NEW 1 YES/NO Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
PURCHASE ORDER
MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
Part 2
Purchase Order
ITEM DESCRIPTI
ON
QT
Y
Means
of
Storag
e
Transport
and
delivery
instruction
Damage
preventi
on
measures
Other
Requireme
nts
UNIT
PRIC
E
TOTA
L

Step
ladder
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 34
Dippin
g Pail
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 67
Gallon
Bucket
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose
N/A 80
Deep
Roller
Tray
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
ws
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose.
N/A 34
Canva
s Drop
Clothe
s
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
w
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
intended
purpose.
N/A 56
Sash
Brush
NEW 1 Cool
and
Dry
place
Use of Pick
–ups and
wheelbarro
ws
Proper
handling
and
using for
the
N/A 12

intended
purpose.
Special instruction Sub-Total…$283
Tax 12%
Shipping 0.9%
If you have any question regarding this purchase order please contact
JARED OWILI OCHIENG
[phone]
[e-mail]
CHECKLIST
MAMY COMPANY LTD
DATE……………….
BOX 6745
NAIK
ITEM DESCRIPTION QTY OKAY/FAULTY ACTION TO BE
TAKEN WHEN
FAULTY
Step ladder
NEW
1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
All goods are packed separately in cottons

Hardware
Dipping Pail NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Gallon Bucket NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Deep Roller Tray NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Canvas Drop
Clothes
NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware
Sash Brush NEW 1 Return within
24hrs to the
purchase
Hardware.
Part 3
Introduction
The testing of material on site was considered to be very important in the determination of its
properties before it could be finally selected for a specific task. The following procedure was
followed while testing the properties of cement.
Steps
185grams of cement was considered for the study alongside 555gms of standard sand. This
gave the mixing ratio of cement to sand as 1:3
The two materials were mix for about 1min before water was added of the quantity (P/4)+3%
The three ingredients were thoroughly mixed until there was uniform colour.
The mixing time was limited between 3 and 4 minutes
Mortar was then filled into the cube mould of 7.1cm

It was then compacted and kept at a temperature of 27 degree Celsius
The cubes were removed after 24hrs before being immersed into clean water.
Conclusion
Although there are several ways of determining the strength and other desirable properties of
cement, the study focused on the cheapest and quickest method.
Quality testing of concrete.
Assessment B
ROLE PLAYING REPORT
Introduction

During the simulation project, several activities were carried out including observation of the
safety ways of materials handling. Some of the materials identified on the site are as shortlisted
below:
List of materials being
I. Timber
II. Concrete
III. Bricks
IV. Stones
V. Cement
VI. Pipes
VII. Roofing Nails
VIII. Cavity Bricks
IX. Core filled with concrete blocks
X. Single Skin clay bloc
XI. Tilt-up Concrete Panels
XII. Bearers and joists
XIII. Brick bases
XIV. Compressed sheet wet area
XV. Flooring
XVI. Concrete slab floors which includes slabs on the ground floor as well as suspended slabs
XVII. Engineered Floor joists
XVIII. Fitted floors
XIX. Platform floor construction
XX. Sheet flooring
Correct and Safe handling of Materials on the site.
 Delicate materials like glass were stores separately
 The materials were stored in lockable stores
 Workers on the site were using PPEs
Evaluation on how they were handled safely
There are numerous measures associated to safe and correct handling of construction materials at
the site. Proper safety should be ensured for materials stored in tiers. In case materials like poles,
steel beams, alongside heavy objects are not properly handled or safely stored, they can fall and
cause injuries to workers at the site(Mok, Shen and Yang 2015).
Other safety and handling mechanisms include:

 Use of containers resistant to fire to store flammable and combustible substances.
 Ensuring enough space to provide pathways for transportation of materials within the
site.
 Building of ramps as well as graded pathways within the site at various levels to
minimize the possibility occurrence of spills and accidents(Ajayi et al. 2015).
 Use of enclosed chute for dropping debris from higher regions of the building.
Identified unsafe handling of the materials
During the study, I discovered that stones were being thrown and handled together with the
bricks. This was partly responsible for the breaking of the bricks that kept knocking each other
with the stones.
Recommendations/ rectifying the situation
There is an urgent need of identifying a separate point for storing stones so that they are not mix
with other materials which they can potentially cause damages to.
Identified poor storage of timber
Timbers were loosely and poorly stored. This led bending of some of them especially on the
shelves.
Remediation/ recommendations
Timber to be stored in a proper manner with studs or heavy object placed on them (Pilehchian,
Staub and Nepal 2015).
Conclusion
The simulated project allowed for the evaluation of various aspect of building and construction
of the medium high rise building while following various codes of Australian standards.
REFERENCES
Ajayi, S.O., Oyedele, L.O., Bilal, M., Akinade, O.O., Alaka, H.A., Owolabi, H.A. and Kadiri,
K.O., 2015. Waste effectiveness of the construction industry: Understanding the

impediments and requisites for improvements. Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, 102, pp.101-112.
Embu. and Akpomiemie, O.A., 2015. Impact of environmental factors on building project
performance in Delta State, Nigeria. HBRC Journal, 11(1), pp.91-97.
Mok, K.Y., Shen, G.Q. and Yang, J., 2015. Stakeholder management studies in mega
construction projects: A review and future directions. International Journal of Project
Management, 33(2), pp.446-457.
Pilehchian, B., Staub-French, S. and Nepal, M.P., 2015. A conceptual approach to track design
changes within a multi-disciplinary building information modeling
environment. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 42(2), pp.139-152.
Tabassi, A.A., Roufechaei, K.M., Ramli, M., Bakar, A.H.A., Ismail, R. and Pakir, A.H.K., 2016.
Leadership competences of sustainable construction project managers. Journal of
Cleaner Production, 124, pp.339-349.
Wong, J.K.W. and Zhou, J., 2015. Enhancing environmental sustainability over building life
cycles through green BIM: A review. Automation in Construction, 57, pp.156-165