Diploma of Business Administration1 Contents 1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................2 2 Cultural analysis of Singapore................................................................................................3 3 Business culture of Singapore.................................................................................................4 4. Hofstede’s five cultural dimension analysis..........................................................................5 4.1 Power distance.................................................................................................................5 4.2 Individualism....................................................................................................................6 4.3 Masculinity.......................................................................................................................6 4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance.....................................................................................................6 4.5 Long term orientation.......................................................................................................6 5 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................8 References..................................................................................................................................9
Diploma of Business Administration2 1 Introduction Culture reflects the way an individual act, belief, and performs in an organisation. Culture, religion, values, and believes are some of the major causes of way a particular person reacting to the stimuli. For an organisation studying culture is very important as the employees from various cultures may have different personal and working culture. This report will include discussion over Singapore’s culture, in order to analyse the working culture.ReasonforselectingSingapore’scultureinterestinconductingbusinessand expanding business sin Singapore, which may reflect the difference in home and host nation, and working with host nation personal reflect the need for the culture analysis(Alvesson, 2016). Singapore is island city state in Southeast Asia with multicultural population and tropical climate. The report will include key cultural aspects of Singapore, along with the work culture that will eventually help the organisation working in this nation and employee from this nation. It has been analysed that the people coming to Singapore for the first time with the purpose of conducting business may consider is as apprehensive with respect to working culture(Allen, 2017). Seeing culture of this nation, the major aspects include attitude and beliefs. The evidence suggest that meritocracy has been the system of this nation that ensure brightest and best, irrespective of race, socio economic and regional background. Singapore is considered to be secular immigrant nation. The key religions that have been reordered in the nation are Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. Personal beliefs and regional thoughts may overcome the governmental decisions(heritage, 2019). Singapore has found to maintain strict restrictions on culture and art performances in the nation. Usually the art work is needed to be vetted by the government of nation in advance. Moreover, out of bound makers are not permitted that are not defined publically. They are generallyexpectedtoconsiderthesensitivetopicsofsocietythatarereligion,race, corruption allegations, or nepotism among the government of nation(singapore.um.dk, 2019).
Diploma of Business Administration3 2 Cultural analysis of Singapore 1.Family One of the major parts that reflect the culture of the nation is the family, which reflect that usually the trend in the nation is of nuclear family. This describe that the family generallyincludeparentsandunmarriedchildrenthatarelivingtogether.The statistics reflect that 85 percent of the families in Singapore are nuclear. The dynamics of the family reflect that the parental control in Singapore is like responsibility of duty towards the children that are generally shared among father and mother. Nevertheless the divorce rate is found to be increasing with time in this nation. This has played prominentroleforchildreninsocietyandthewaypeoplebehave(Bird& Mendenhall, 2016). 2.Education The literacy rank of this nation is quiet high that reflect a strong Singaporean education system. This system is integration of primary school of six years, secondary school of four years and university or vocational school later on that depend on the preference and grades of each student. The competition in education is very fierce and high(guidemesingapore, 2019). 3.Regional As discussed previously various culture has been found in Singapore and reflecting one of the most religious nation across the globe. The key relations include Hinduism, Islam, Folk, Buddhism, and Taoism religion. Orthodox structures and doctrines have been identified as part of Singaporean culture. Various temples have found of Indians and Chinese like churches and mosques in public arenas. Moreover religious activities are also conducted at homes. Moreover, street festivals are also found in ritual calendars of various ethnic groups. However, irrespective of difference in beliefs and religion norms of individual in Singapore, they found to live in peace. They are able tomaintaingoodrelationswithotherregionalbackgroundpersonals (guidemesingapore, 2019). 4.Aesthetics Aesthetics include various factors like visuals arts that may include fine arts, graphics, and plastics. Another factor is performing arts, ballet and drama. People in this nation going o theatre are enjoying ethnic drams like Chinese opera that initiated in 19thand
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Diploma of Business Administration4 20thcentury in Singapore. Moreover contemporary theatreswere established in 1950’s. With change in educational policy the prominence of English language theatre increase in 1980’s emphasising English as instructing language(Petersen & Kumar, 2015). 5.Diet and nutrition Eating habits also reflect the cultural norms of the nation. The consumption rate of vegetable and meats are high in this nation which include various varieties like fish, chicken,riceandothervegetables.Moreoverthestatisticsreflectsthatthe malnutrition rate among children of Singapore is quiet low. Moreover, western culture has been influence along with Chinese cuisines, Malay cuisines and Indian cuisines. Asian food hub is one of the key saying for Singapore and a major attraction for this nation among individuals across the globe(Stahl & Tung, 2015). 3 Business culture of Singapore 1.Etiquette Business etiquette is the major aspects that are different in various cultures. For instance in case of Singapore working culture the introduction to an individual is done in meetings where person’s title and name of family is being used. However, this may vary with sub cultures like Malay thus not use family names. The etiquettes also includesharingthebusinesscardsasitissymbolofrespectinmeetings (singapore.um.dk, 2019). 2.Business gifts Offering gift is one of the ways to express thankful feeling and small gifts associated with business are given as a token of gratitude like pen, notepad and similar products. Nevertheless, gifts like scissors are symbolised for conflicts reflecting inappropriate giftinbusinessculture.Moreover,giftsarereceivedwithboththehands (guidemesingapore, 2019). 3.Language Language is one of the most important aspect of culture as this may impact business activities to be performed among various personas and to manage client relationship, which reflect that conducting business with another culture require language training or learning. The culture of Singapore reflect that English is the currently working language, however the official languages of the nation our Tamil, Malay, and
Diploma of Business Administration5 Chinese. Singlish is their local vernacular that is integration of local slang and English (singapore.um.dk, 2019). 4.Working hours Various organisations in Singapore have considered five day working per week instead of six days. These working hours specific to some of the multinational corporations that is working with white collar work. The working hours are 40 to 45 each week. Nevertheless the working hours may also depend on the workload that the personal have and could be spending more hours than expected in such cases. In case of over time given by personal do their job the rate according to their salary is increased up to 1 and 1/2 times based on their hourly rate(Anitha, 2019). 5.Hierarchical relationships Considering the radical relationship in the organisation, it has been identified that 74.3% of Singapore population is Chinese which usually reflect in the relationships in films that are majorly influenced by traditional values of Chinese. Therefore the culture formal hierarchical authority has been adopted; their employs in lower level of this system are expected to have subordinate status. Thus the chain of command has been adopted and the superiors can openly question the decision. Nevertheless on the other hand it has been identified that multinational corporations in this nation thus not reflect a major distance between levels in hierarchy. For instance in MNCs higher level managers or seniors are willingly delegating bear responsibility and authorities to the subordinates when it’s come to decision-making and allowing them to provide latitude towards this agreement(Allen, 2017). 4. Hofstede’s five cultural dimension analysis Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions reflect Singaporean culture based on five major factors when compare to world culture(Bakir & Rose, 2015). 4.1 Power distance Power distance of Singapore stands at 74%. This high score for power distance time mention reflects that the country consider Syncretic approaches towards religion. One of the major principles that have been identified through this time mention is that confusion teaching is generally based on people’s unequal relationship and stability of society. This time mention reflects that the power in this nation is centralised or subordinates are generally dependable
Diploma of Business Administration6 upon their bosses and command from superiors. Thus it can be said that in business control is expected and the attitude of the subordinates towards the manager is quite formal. Moreover in direct communication is one of the selected flow of information within the organisation is due to the formal communication channel(hofstede-insights, 2019). 4.2 Individualism Individualism is reflected degree of independence among the members of the society which reflect personal self image and for this the person teaches for Singapore culture is 20%. Discord define that Singapore is a collective mystic society and the self image of personals are more towards we rather than focusing on I. This reflects that the communication include harmony among the group, open conflict are generally avoided. Moreover it also reflects that the relationship is largely based on moral values where are yes always do not mean yes, but due to politeness and gratitude a person may except Precedence instead of honest feedback 4.3 Masculinity Masculinity or feminine Society is being indicated from this time mention which reflects the behaviour of individuals in the society. Singapore score for this time mention is 48 which reflect that it is the middle score and more on a feminine side. This reflected the culture of the nationwhatismoretowardssofteraspectslikeconsensus,encouragingandvaluing underdog, and sympathy. Being humble and modest is generally important upon the people with feminine society. Moreover shared value concept has been identified in the governments where respect for the individual and community support has been observed. 4.4 Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertaintyavoidancedimensionalreflectshowa cultureperceivestowardsunknown situations that is the uncertainties. Singapore scores at eight points when it comes to uncertainty avoidance die mention which reflects very low on the scale. This symbolises that people in Singapore are mention the following various rules where is the reason is not having need for structure but due to higher power distance index and lower uncertainty avoidance index. For example in this nation which is said to be a fine country a person may have fined for regulating everything(theglobaleconomy, 2019). 4.5 Long term orientation Long-term orientation reflects that the society is maintaining link with their past in order to deal with their situations in present and maybe in future. The score of Singapore in this
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Diploma of Business Administration7 dimensional is 72 which is quite high on the scale indicating that culture of Singapore is more towards qualities that are supporting investment and long-term like sustained effort‘s, perseverance thrift, slow results, ordering relationship as for the status(heritage, 2019).
Diploma of Business Administration8 5 Conclusion Singapore is island city state in Southeast Aisa with multicultural population. The evidence suggests that meritocracy has been the system of this nation; this system is to encourage people to develop to their maximum and optimised potential. Every individual in the nation has the access to education in the nation.This city is considered to be the education hub of Asia, which is also student from other nations attracted to gain high level education from Singapore with world’s best education institutes. Maximum population is educated which reflected high talented and increasing competition in personal life and jobs. Taking upon marriage culture in the nation, it has been identified that monogamy is the system that is being adopted that is only one marriage is allowed in the culture. However in case of Muslim Malay, polygamy has been allowed as per their cultural norms. Equality in sexes is also assured as women are part of authorities positioning in business. It can be said that in local firm subordinates are expected to show gratitude and respect towards their seniors.
Diploma of Business Administration9 References Allen,D.(2017).Recruitmentandretentionacrosscultures.AnnualReviewof Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 153. Alvesson, M. (2016).Organizational culture.New York: Sage. Anitha, J. (2019). Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee Retention.Journal of Management, 9(1). Bakir, A., & Rose, G. (2015). A preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of Hofstede’scrossculturaldimensions.InProceedingsofthe2000Academyof Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 226. Bird, A., & Mendenhall, M. (2016). From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business, 51(1), 115-126. guidemesingapore. (2019).guide-to-singapore-work-culture-for-newcomers. Retrieved from https://www.guidemesingapore.com/business-guides/immigration/get-to-know- singapore/guide-to-singapore-work-culture-for-newcomers heritage.(2019).index/country/singapore.Retrievedfrom https://www.heritage.org/index/country/singapore hofstede-insights.(2019).singapore.Retrievedfrom https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country/singapore/ Petersen, J., & Kumar, V. (2015). Marketing communication strategiesand consumer financial decision making: The role of national culture.Journal of Marketing, 79(1), 44. singapore.um.dk.(2019).BusinesscultureinSingapore.Retrievedfrom https://singapore.um.dk/en/the-trade-council/menu-4/ Stahl, G., & Tung, R. (2015). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international businessstudies:Theneedforpositivecross-culturalscholarship.Journalof International Business Studies, 46(4), 391.
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Diploma of Business Administration10 theglobaleconomy.(2019).Singapore/wb_ruleoflaw.Retrievedfrom https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Singapore/wb_ruleoflaw/