Diploma of Nursing: Case Scenario and Answers

Running head- DIPLOMA OF NURSING
Case Scenario
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

DIPLOMA OF NURSING 1
Part A
Answer 1
Emphysema is the abnormal enlargement of the air spaces and destruction of alveolar
walls. The alveolar septum gets eroded resulting in airspace enlargement (Jankowich & Rounds,
2012).
Answer 2
High BP will occur due to alveolar capillary wall destruction. Respiratory rate will also
get increased.
Answer 3
Inadequate blood flow to cardiac muscles results in chest pain or angina. It occurs due to
an imbalance between supply and demand of oxygen to the heart (Kosiborod et al., 2013).
Answer 4
Reduced blood flow to a part of heart, results in myocardial infarction. Atherosclerotic
plaques reduce the blood flow (Thygesen et al., 2012). This leads to oxygen deprivation, cell
injury and ischemia. ST elevation MI might have occurred due to blockage of the major arteries
(Jneid et al., 2012).
Answer 5
Huge demand for oxygen and limited supply of blood results in heart failure. The
coronary arteries of the heart get blocked. This deprives the heart of oxygen and the cells die.
Answer 6
Fluid accumulation in the body might have resulted in swelling in the legs and ankles.
This indicates more risk of heart failure.
Answer 7

DIPLOMA OF NURSING 2
Non-cancerous prostate gland enlargement leads to benign prostate hypermegaly.
Common symptoms are loss of bladder control, urination problems, renal failure, bladder stones,
and urinary tract infection (Barry et al., 2017).
Answer 8
Fluid accumulation in lung air-spaces leads to pulmonary oedema. Gaseous exchange
gets impaired and there is respiratory failure (Davison, Terek & Chawla, 2012).
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea and coughing up pink sputum can be observed.
Answer 9
Problem Goal Course of action
Hypertension Blood pressure maintenance  Skin colour,
temperature an oedema
measurement
 Thiazide diuretic
administration
COPD Airway patency maintenance  Fluid intake increase
 Breathing sound
auscultation
Myocardial infarction Chest pain control  Morphine drug
administration
 Beta-blocker
administration
Answer 10