Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer and Lymphoedema

This document discusses the pathogenesis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, including its causes and risk factors. It also explores the pharmacological effect of morphine in altering the conscious perception of pain during the perioperative period. Additionally, it delves into the pathogenesis of lymphoedema that may occur after axillary lymph node removal during breast cancer surgery. The document provides insights into the symptoms, prevention, and management of lymphoedema. References are included for further reading.