(PDF) Infant psychiatric disorders

Running Head: DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND INFANTS 1
Disorder in Children and Infant
Name
Institution

DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND INFANTS 2
Introduction
More than often, we find ourselves faced with adverse condition when it comes to
feeding and swallowing amongst children. This is a common problem amongst infants known as
dysphagia. It is usually caused by many factors. In most cases, swallowing disorder or problem
can occur at any stage in the process of eating. In some cases, feeding disorder may appear in
kids in that it is difficult to gather food and suck, chew, or swallow (Riesco et al., 2018)
Purpose of study
According to Riesco et al. (2018), increased cases of feeding and swallowing disorder has
necessitated this research to be carried out with the aim of developing and finding viable
solutions, which can help curb the problem among children that can be dragonized. This paper
also aims at finding full information about feeding and swallowing disorder, general signs and
symptoms, its causes, how to test for the disorder and treatment of the disorder.
Rationale for the study
It has always been very common for pediatric feeding and swallowing disorder of about
25-35% to be seen in children who are developing normally and almost 55-75% in children who
have been born prematurely or those who are experiencing chronic medical conditions (Sysko et
al., 2015). Technically, swallowing disorder arises more often due to structural weaknesses or
dysfunction that in turn results in difficulty with the actual act of food movement in the digestive
system i.e. from the mouth to the stomach. On the other hand, feeding disorder majorly entails
the motivation of the range if mannerism (behavioral) that results in the kids refusing to eat
mostly known as food aversion. It is common to find this kind of problem among children but in
rare cases, it also affects adults.

DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND INFANTS 3
We as grownups, we all know the process of eating which is always a foreign
phenomenon amongst children and infants. To kids, this process starts by sucking which then
develops to eating tangible food. In the cause of learning how to feed and swallow food, children
end up experiencing a number of obstacles such as pushing food back out or may gag on new
food, which is always normal to them (Adamson & Morawska 2017). When it comes to children
with feeding disorder, they tend to experience this obstacle for a prolonged period. It may even
result to children only eating certain foods rather spends much time eating than the normal
children. In addition to this, swallowing problem that is also a problem among the children also
known as dysphagia takes place in three. According to research, children may have problems in
one of the phases or more than one stage. These stages include:
The oral phase it entails sucking, chewing and movement of food or fluids into the
esophagus. In this case, feeding becomes part of this stage.
The pharyngeal phase-the genesis of this stage is swallowing and squeezing of bolus
down the throat. At this stage, it becomes a requirement for a child to close of his airway
so that it may not be tempered with food or fluids. In case of food going through the
windpipe, it may result in chocking or coughing.
The esophageal phase- it involves the opening and closing of the esophagus. The long
narrow tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach whose main function is to act as
food passage. To some extent, children with disorder may experience food sticking in the
esophagus or the infant may end up throwing a lot if he has problem with the esophagus.
Methodology
In order to come up with concrete evidence on the research, various methods were
followed. There were 23 participants. Seven children with feeding and swallowing disorders,