Sustainable Energy Development in the UK

This assignment examines sustainable energy development in the United Kingdom. It analyzes growth rates in renewable energy generation, heat production, and biofuel utilization between 2009 and 2015. The report highlights the impact of policies like the Renewable Commitment and Feed-in Tariff on these sectors. The analysis also explores employment trends, market value, and challenges facing different segments of the sustainable energy industry in the UK.

RUNNING HEAD: The Impact of the supply of natural gas on the adoption of renewable energy in the UK
1
The Impact of the supply of natural gas on the adoption of renewable energy in the UK
Submitted by:

Dissertation 2
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................4
1.2 Research Background............................................................................................................4
1.3 Rationale of the Research......................................................................................................5
1.4 Problem Statement.................................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Aims and objectives...............................................................................................6
Research aims:..........................................................................................................................6
Research Objectives:................................................................................................................6
Chapter 2 Literature Review........................................................................................................7
Introduction..............................................................................................................................7
Natural gas supply landscape.......................................................................................................8
Overview of UK energy mix........................................................................................................8
Onshore wind generation...........................................................................................................10
Renewable energy provision in the UK.....................................................................................11
Challenges and Future Outlook..................................................................................................11
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................12
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
3.2 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................13
3.3 Research Strategy.................................................................................................................14
3.4 Research Methods................................................................................................................14
3.5 Reliability and validity.....................................................................................................14
3.6 Research Ethics....................................................................................................................15
3.7 Research Limitation.............................................................................................................15

Dissertation 3
3.8 Summary..............................................................................................................................16
Chapter 4 Data analysis.................................................................................................................16
Present and Anticipated Worldwide Market for Energy............................................................20
Effect on the Economy...............................................................................................................21
A. Increment in Occupations.....................................................................................................21
B. Lower Customer Cost............................................................................................................21
C. All inclusive Access to energy..............................................................................................22
Chapter 5 Discussion.....................................................................................................................23
Chapter 6 Recommendations and Conclusion...............................................................................27
References......................................................................................................................................29
Appendix........................................................................................................................................35
Reflective log.............................................................................................................................35

Dissertation 4
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Energy is necessary part to an individual’s life. It is impossible for an individual to survive
without it. One of The key sources of energy is fossil fuels. Few of the most dominant fossils
fuel an oil, coal and natural gas (Boyle, 2004). As per the report, the world produced
approximately 130 quadrillion in 1997. It is expected in the coming years that the production of
fossil fuel however affect the future generation, (Foxon, Gross, Chase, Howes, Arnal. and
Anderson, 2005). An increase in the restricted amount of fossil fuels starts to diminish. This is
not possible to provide the amount of energy required by the world for using fossil fuels to
change energy. There are plethoras of ways to change energy devoid of fossil fuels. Countries
are taking action to endorse a greater use of renewable energy resources like geothermal energy
or nuclear power. These resources are carried out in a well prepared way in order to provide
supplies of fossil fuels (Mitchell and Connor, 2004). The low cost of converting natural
resources into energy resources is creating another issue. Future generation will face issues due
to limited natural resource (McKendry, 2002). There is restricted amount of oil, coal, and
natural gas that the earth can hold. These resources can only be used for a limited period of time.
An increase in the consumption of the natural resources is putting a high level of pressure on the
environment. This will possibly increase the consumption trend and will possibly result in the
international economic crisis. Prices will simply increase due to the changing economic model of
supply and demand (Devine-Wright, 2005; Demirbas, 2005). Fossil fuel demand has increased
in the last 30 years. It is due to the growing trend that is seen in the energy produced by the 3
fossil fuel. At present, the economies are dependent on fossil fuels to meet their needs. The
energy resources are used to give an effective response to insatiable desire. The purpose of
natural resources is to meet the demand of the people. 80 percent of global energy arises from
burning fossil fuels. At the current consumption rate, it is difficult to replenish the natural
resources for the future generation (Tyagi and Lo, 2013).
1.2 Research Background
The (over)consumption of non-renewable resources is linked to the discharge of greenhouse
gases and pollution. These are considered to be the major factors behind the global warning and
climatic change. The energy consumption in Ireland amounted to 89% in 2013. As per the report

Dissertation 5
presented by Department of Energy and Climatic Change, UK will be able to catch up with the
target of 15 percent by 2020 through renewable resources. As per the Research, ‘bottom-up’
analysis, tested with industry, that there is noteworthy upside potential as well as downside threat
to consumption. Moreover, there are around 8 technologies competent of delivering 90% of the
renewable energy by 2020(Perry, Klemeš and Bulatov, 2008).
1.3 Rationale of the1 Research
The underlying principle is related to the research in the given section of the introduction chapter
aims to provide with reasonable research study. The rationale provides with a set of reasons that
offer researchers to find out information related to a particular topic. In the context of the
research study, the research aims to understand the Impact of supply of natural gas on the
adoption of renewable energy in the UK. The renewable energy has become a well-established
necessity important for the energy development and management. The study critically evaluates
the factors that affect the supply of renewable energy resources and consumer behavior in large.
The accessible pipeline of large-scale projects is well-built, and permitting significant dropout
rates, to put on an addition of 29 GW of operational capacity by 2020. It is helping in introducing
the world’s first incentive for renewable heat, delivering 124,000 renewable heat installations by
2020. In addition the road transport biofuels make up over 3 percent volume of all road transport
fuel. Subject to this, government will make appropriate arrangements regarding the changes that
are taking place in the procurement of energy resources (Upreti and van der Horst, 2004; Dincer,
2000).
1.4 Problem Statement
The problem statement provides with a brief description of the required topic to be concentrated
on by acquire noteworthy information. In the context of the research study, it focuses on the
costs and the supply chain. There will be serious challenges in technicalities and the cost of
capital with an increase in the risk. The cross-cutting barriers to operation for renewable energy
technologies are applied to specific technologies, in order to address the issue in order to achieve
the aim (Scarpa and Willis, 2010). As per the report in The Guardian, Renewable Energy
amounted to 30 percent of the total UK power consumption in between April to June. The
changing pattern in the energy consumption is considered to be revolutionary. Consumers are
now realizing the importance of renewable resources necessary for managing the needs

Dissertation 6
pertaining of natural resources. In order to address the above mentioned issue, the problem
statement can be stated as, Whether the adoption of renewable energy in the UK Focus on
aspects such production, costing price levels, consumers willingness to switch or not?
1.5 Research Aims and objectives
The research paper and aim are important part of the overall study. It acts as a guiding path for
the researcher. The paper primarily focus on the Impact of supply of natural gas on the adoption
of renewable energy in the UK and Focus on aspects such as production, costing, price levels,
consumers willingness to switch. The purpose is to focus on the changes in the environment and
consider entity actions depend upon an individual behavior.
Research aims:
The primary aim of the study is to find out the utilization of renewable energy resources and
consumption pattern in UK. These results are important and steady in finding the changes in the
study related to the management of energy and resource pattern in order to manage the resources
in the most appropriate way. This will however help in managing the resources in the most
appropriate way by indulging into an effective market pattern in UK (Wang, et al 2009).
Research Objectives:
In order to achieve the primary objective of the research study, the researcher requires addressing
the following objectives to gain an effective study.
 To examine the theory that examines the supply of natural gas in The UK. Moreover, it
focuses to be persuaded in a positive direction in order to take requisite actions (Grubb,
Butler and Twomey, 2006).
 To study the pattern seen in the economy in the recent years. This is not only necessary to
manage the ongoing economy pattern in order to realize the changes that are taking place
in the supply of renewable source of energy.
 To analyse the critical difference while undertaking the behavior of the critical mass. It is
important for managing the resources in the most effective way by allocating the
resources in the most appropriate way (Twidell and Weir, 2015).

Dissertation 7
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction
As per the data co
1llected, from the mid-1990s the total contribution of renewable energy to the electricity
generated in the United Kingdom, has been adding to a small hydroelectricity generating
capacity. In total, the renewable source of energy contributes 14.9% of the electricity produced
in the United Kingdom in 2013 and reaching 53.7 TWh of electricity generated. As of 2nd
quarter 2017, renewable generated 29.8% of the UK's electricity. Near about a third of all UK
electricity he second three months was derived from renewable sources. These facts have helped
in setting a new record for the clean energy deployment. Wind energy, solar energy and other
form of energy source as an effective source of energy resources. They form to be one of the
important sources of energy resource. 29.8 percent of the total amount of electricity is generated
in the last quarter of 2017 against 26.9 percent of energy generated in the first quarter.
Renewable sources are one of the important sources of energy generation in UK. This depicts an
increase in the wind capacity and wind speeds increasing the overall capacity. This is important
from the point of view of generating energy. It depicts the effective procedure and growth taking
place in the energy sector. Onshore wind generation has increased by 50 per cent due to an
improvement in high-end technology. It is known as a widest source of energy generation in the
country. The offshore wind energy is increased by 22 percent (Sinden, 2007). The energy
produced from biodegradable waste was up 30 per cent due to the increased capacity. As per the
data, the Total renewable electricity capacity was 38 GW by the end of June. There is a 13
percent increase on a year. Over half of the energy is generated from the onshore wind and
around one quarter from photovoltaics. It is incredible to see a significant change in around a
third of the UK’s electricity that is generated through the renewable source of energy. The
overall target is to reduce the total contribution to meet the UK’s 15 Percent target reduction in
total energy consumption by 2020. The figures are been increasing contributing towards the
overall growth of the renewable source of energy. The reason behind the rising interest in
renewable energy has grown due to the EU target to reduce the carbon emission (Burnett, et al
2014). The total electricity power generation gained through Renewable Obligation Certificate
scheme (ROCs) and Feed in tariffs (FITs) and by the renewable heat. In the past, hydroelectric

Dissertation 8
schemes were known to be the largest source of renewable source of energy (Quaschning, 2016).
These energy resources are now surpassed by wind energy.
Natural gas supply landscape
It is certain that the 20pc of the country’s electricity generating capacity will be reduced in the
coming decade. The demand for power is forecasted to be double now and 2050. UK is
producing 15pc of energy by the renewable source of energy. They are dedicated to de-
carbonize electricity production by 2030.The North Sea oil and gas boom is on the wane, and the
UK has been a net importer of fuel since 2004.Politicians and energy providers are questioning
the future of the energy needs without reneging on environmental commitments or slowing the
economic growth. The drastic change in the energy consumption is completely different.. While
considering all the factors, it is evident to manage the different factors related to the production
and distribution of energy resources. This is important for the purpose of gaining competencies
by organizing energy resources in the most valuable way. The sector is proactively creating
multifold opportunity in order to gain an organized growth. This is effective from the point of
view of gaining sustainable results for the purpose of gaining longevity. These energy resources
are important from the point of view of gaining effectiveness. It is necessary for developing
effectiveness while focusing on generating energy (Daly, et al 2015).
Overview of UK energy mix
The major change related to the energy consumption is changing due to a shift in the
consumption of the energy resources. In 1970, UK had 57 million tonnes of oil equivalent in coal
and manufactured fuels. The void in relation to the use of coal is largely filled by the use of
natural gas and, to a lesser extent, amplifies in electricity usage.

Dissertation 9
The UK’s renewable energy sector is the fastest growing sector developing multiple
opportunities in terms of growth and development. There are effective industrial success story,
attracting investment, creating new opportunities and empowering economy in different way.
Almost half the UK’s electricity is gained from the renewable energy sources like wind and
nuclear power. The change in the pattern has created effective changes in the requirement of the
economy. It is evident from the changing pattern that the requirements are appropriate as per the
changing aspects in the economy. The excessive dependency on fossil fuel has increased the
carbon emission. It is thereby causing an excessive pressure on the environment. Renewable
resources on the other hand are an appropriate source of energy generation in order to gain
effectiveness. This is significant to understand that the Renewable source of energy currently
accounted for a quarter of the country’s power supplies in the year 2015. This has drastically
over-run the coal power for the first time. The low-carbon power sources have supplied a record
46 percent of the total green house gas. Interestingly, Coal supplied just over a fifth (22%) of
power in 2015, lesser than (i.e. 30% in 2014), at the same time gas continued to offer about 30%
of the UK’s electricity (Vaughan, 2017). The Nuclear power’s part rose slightly from 19% in
2014 to 21% in 2015, as per the figures given by the Department for Business, Energy and
Industrial Strategy. As per the government, energy generation from in the third quarter of 2015
was mainly through gas, followed by nuclear and renewable source of energy. This directly
means that the overall renewable energy consumption has surpassed coal generation. It is due to
the increasing solar capacity with bio energy. The purpose is to launch units at the places where
one can generate energy resources by placing more power plants. There is an increase in the

Dissertation 10
occupation of power plants in the recent time. The number of turbines has also increased
considering the energy generation. The deployment of energy resources has helped in gaining
market capacity helping in propagating long term sustainable activities.
Government wants to pull out the pollution creating power plants by 2025 as part of efforts to
tackle climate change, but only if new gas plants can be built to meet demand. Government took
required efforts in order to use renewable resources announcing phasing out of coal in the most
effective way. The energy resources can be used most effectively by filling the gap, replacing
old technology with new (Demski, et al 2014). Country witnessed a complete change in the
performance of renewable resources over coal in the year 2015. A quarter of UK’s power is now
derived from wind, wave and tidal power and other renewable energy sources. The resources
have now become the most important source of energy manufacturing and utilization. Slowly
and gradually renewable resources have become a part of energy mainstream, helping society to
modernize similar to building new infrastructure for the next generation. Renewable resources
accounted for 8.3% of consumption, up from 7.1% in 2014. This has effectively improved the
complete development in case of energy utilization and an effective use (Keyhani, 2016). It is
interesting to notice that within a short tenure, UK has implemented effective energy resources in
the best possible way. Energy resources are important for the country in order to manage the
effective need.
Onshore wind generation
The Onshore wind is one of the cheapest forms of power plant. It plays an important role in
reducing the bill amount. This is evident from the recent changes in the energy development and
management. Low-cost onshore wind energy has all means to gain the competitiveness against

Dissertation 11
the other source of energy generation. In the recent time there is an increase by 50 per cent as
compared to the same period last year (Moseley and Garche, 2014). The increasing dependency
on the onshore wind energy has helped in developing an effective status. It has helped in
managing key effectiveness in order to gain effectiveness in terms of long-term energy
generation. The primary goal is to attain effectiveness in order to reduce the dependency on the
other source of energy generation (Devine-Wright, 2014). There is a consistent strong support
from people in UK regarding the use of wind power. Around three quarters of the population has
agreed upon using onshore turbine. In 2015, 40.4 TWh of energy was generated by wind power
(Markides, 2013). Three large offshore plant came into operation in the year 2015 are: Gwynt y
Môr (576 MW max. capacities), Humber Gateway (219 MW) and Westermost Rough (210
MW). Biofuels utilization has expanded on normal by 0.47% in the vicinity of 2009 and 2015,
demonstrating an enormous log jam in this last year (- 19.7% utilization in 2015 contrasted with
the volume in 2014(Wheeler and Hunt, 2016). Occupations and market esteem keep on develop
yet at a slower pace than trusted and unevenly over the divisions Proceeded with solid
sustainable power source development debilitated by strategy changes. From information gave
by Innovas, 117,000 individuals were utilized over the UK sustainable power source esteem
chain in2014/15, an expansion of 4.2% on the earlier year. The quantity of organizations
working in the segment has diminished, from a little more than 6810 to less than 6790, a
difference in - 0.4%. The segment with the biggest number of organizations taking an interest in
it remains sun oriented PV with more than 2000. Be that as it may, this segment saw the biggest
decrease of associations from 2013/14 to 2014/15, contracting by 4%, with advance decreases
foreseen through 2016 as later changes to Nourish in Levy strategy unfavourably affect work
prospects in the division. The businesses fairly estimated worth has expanded over that time by
6.8% to £15.91bn.
Renewable energy provision in the UK
It is Through the Renewable Obligation, the British electricity suppliers have to supply the
electricity into a proportion of their sales from renewable sources such as wind power. Non-
compliance of this will lead to penalty (Inglesi-Lotz, 2016). The supplier get a Renewable
Obligation Certificate (ROC) for each MW·h of electricity. Wind energy is one of the largest
sources of renewable electricity. There are certain pre-notions that the wind energy has increased
the overall cost (Ellabban, Abu-Rub and Blaabjerg, 2014).

Dissertation 12
Challenges and Future Outlook
Over the coming months a clearer picture will rise on the here and now affect on incomes and
along these lines the capacity of the business to ride out the effect of these critical approach
changes. The REA will keep on monitoring the circumstance precisely and will give refreshes
over the course of the year. The RO is the most seasoned of the ebb and flow UK sustainable
monetary motivators, having begun in 2002. It obliges power providers to source an extent of
their power from sustainable sources. (ROCs) are granted to sustainable generators, who at that
point pitch them to providers. Bolster goes on for a long time; however the genuine estimation of
ROCs relies upon the result of business transaction as opposed to being settled by the strategy.
Whenever presented, all sustainable power got a similar level of appropriation, paying little
respect to the innovation utilized. This changed in 2009, when 'banding' was presented -
implying that bolster fluctuates relying upon the cost of the innovation. The RO is because of
near new members in 2017, with help for new sun oriented and on-shore wind finishing a year
sooner in April 2016. The component supplanting the RO - despite of the fact that they are
additionally accessible for atomic and carbon capacity ventures. Dissimilar to ROCs, CfDs set a
figure for adding up to salary for a venture - i.e. both the renewable bolster and the estimation of
the power. This aggregate figure is known as the strike cost'. Government takes a market file at
the power cost, known as the 'reference cost'.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
The Research methodology chapter highlight the technique used to gain knowledge
about the topic. This allow in managing the problem in the solution to the problem through
employing extensive research practices. The research study here provides information regarding
the Electricity generation in UK and how consumers are behaving looking onto the current
situation (Dhingra, et al 2016). This helps in addressing the issues in the most appropriate way
by conducting a research study and providing with a relevant information and knowledge into the
research topic that aims to study the change in the Energy Consumption behavior(Crafts,2016).

Dissertation 13
The selection of research design and research methods is made by studying the different
type of energy consumption method used in UK. The research is based on the selection of
various journals and online official websites. The data collected is analysed in order to make
conclusion in an appropriate way. It is important from the point of view of generating an opinion
regarding use of natural case for energy consumption. It also implicates various techniques
which involve the theory related to the energy consumption. According to the reasoned theory of
action, every individual behaves in a definite manner. This directly determines the definite
individual behavior towards the energy consumption pattern. This is important for gaining
effectiveness and managing the goals pertaining to energy. The changing behavioural pattern in
the energy consumption pattern in UK has consequently created a change. There is a difference
in the amount of satisfaction among the consumers. This tends to impact the behavior of each
and every individual associated with the research practice (BREXIT: the impact on the UK and
the EU, 2015). There is a consequent shift in the energy consumption pattern that is putting a
great impact on the overall capacity. It is therefore creating a big question on the pattern of
energy consumption and thus relatively impacting the changes in the manner which allows them
to meet their expectation levels and helps them to obtain a favourable outcome. This will in
addition help in managing the theory that is planned according to the consumer behaviour stated
that, factors such as personal and social influence are variable factors(Carrington,2015). These
factors are important from the point of view of arranging an applicable aspect that helps in
generating the better prospect. It is necessary for the point of view of gaining consequent result.
This is important from the point of view of generating better opportunities. This is evident from
the point of view of gaining effectiveness and controlling an appropriate procedure that allow in
implementing energy consumption. It is necessary for deriving better opportunities in order to
manage individual behavior that is relevant to necessary aspect. This is evident from the point of
view of developing better aspect in order to manage the different aspects associated with the
energy consumption. This theory has extensive implications on studying individual behaviour
while making desired opinion. In contrast to this, there are some other factors also which
affected energy consumption pattern in the UK. The gradual shift of energy consumption pattern
and behavior has a direct impact on every individual. There is a direct impact that can affect the
consumer as the installation charges. This is evident from the research that Based on the above

Dissertation 14
theories and factors, research philosophy, research design and various research methods that will
help in organizing the data in an accurate way.
To conclude, the research is been stated below in order to organize effective results. This theory
is important from the point of view of gaining desired results in order to understand the process
in order to gain effective results. Below are the important points that are important to understand
the Energy consumption pattern in a definite way.
3.2 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy therefore present before the pattern of a research study that is
important to develop an interesting knowledge while considering the research topic. It is
important for the researcher to focus on the pattern through which research is been conducted.
This is basically providing with a proper way to conduct research. Research philosophy is of the
following type: Epistemological and Ontological. The most well-known philosophies suitable for
a research study are Positivist and Interpretivist. The Positivist philosophy is directly linked with
objectivism as it is based on hypothesis. The data collected in the rest of the segment is based on
the secondary research collected from the book, journals and articles available on authentic
websites. It further describes the available information that is collected through evaluation of
the data in an effective way. This theory is further tested based on the existing theories,
principles, observations and the existing knowledge (Vaughan, 2017). The Interpretivist
philosophy includes subjectivism stating the involvement of researcher beliefs. This theory
further involves principles and awareness to reach an ending.
Furthermore, in the context of this research study, the positivist philosophy is applied in
order to gain factual knowledge on a research topic. This will help in gaining a definite insight in
order to employ trustworthy measures in order to gain research objective and then quantifying
that observation. This is important for understanding the research study and analysing the
information on the topic. This quantitative approach is supported by the positivist philosophy.
3.3 Research Strategy
The Research strategy helps in gaining knowledge regarding the research topic. It is a critical
analysis that helps in gaining conceptual knowledge. It allows in guiding the researchers in
developing strategy in order to gain effective knowledge in this context, it is important enough to

Dissertation 15
gain an effective knowledge by focusing over the effective measures and calculating the
effective measures in order to manage desired result. The inductive approach focus on
developing effective measures that allow in gaining accuracy. The study is aimed to focus on the
energy sector in UK.
In the context, research study is based on gaining significant knowledge by answering the
research question and providing with the justification. The researcher wants to justify effective
information and provide with a basic idea to deal with the study. The deductive research
approach therefore signifies reliable justification and support reliable functions in order to gain
accurate knowledge. This is an important way to attain reliable information and to gain accuracy.
3.4 Research Methods
Research methods describe the method used to collect information. The data is collected
through secondary research method. The data is collected from the secondary sources. This
source furnishes the data presented by the researcher and developed by gaining effective
information in order to attain knowledge. The researcher has collected information from the
published data furnished by different authors. This is an evident tool that allows readers to gain
information about the topic. This helps in providing with significant information and meeting
desired results (Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC, 2015).
3.5 Reliability and validity
The reliability and validity display credibility and dependability of information that has been
assembled to help the research question and to accomplish the points and related examination.
Also, to upgrade dependability and legitimacy of research work, the inquiries in the research
have been made in understanding to help the writing segment and to increase satisfactory data on
the examination subject. What's more, the utilization of online channels additionally goes about
as a decent arrangement as it puts a limitation to as far as possible obstructions and includes huge
separation shoppers. The utilization of online study empowers an easy study, which helps in
collecting data in an appropriate way. The purpose is to infer a significant conclusion on the
examination theme. Alongside this, to improve the legitimacy and unwavering quality of
research work, unique consideration has been given while deciphering comes about by keeping
up a high precision level. Along these lines, the entire research work has been led by

Dissertation 16
guaranteeing high legitimacy and unwavering quality of research techniques and information
(Tietenberg and Lewis, 2016).
3.6 Research Ethics
Research ethics is a standout amongst the most essential parts of the entire research work which
straightforwardly impact the legitimacy, realness and dependability of research work. Research
ethics characterizes the qualities, standards and rules which assume a noteworthy part in the
entire research process by expressing the way a scientist collaborates with the objective
respondents. With regards to this examination think about, the specialist guarantees the
applications and adherence of appropriate moral contemplations. While compiling the data,
researcher has made taken measures to avoid falsification that is checked among a major
infringement of moral standards.
Alongside this, in the writing research area, legitimate acknowledgment to the writers have been
given whose distributed data is utilized to improve the credibility and dependability of the
exploration work. It has been made by giving legitimate references and reference in the
substance. In this manner, the use of every one of these means altogether adds to the
accomplishment of research goals by keeping up unwavering quality and credibility of research
work.
3.7 Research Limitation
The research is directed regarding the adoption of renewable energy in the UK and various
aspects related to it. The researcher further Focus on aspects such production, costing price
levels, consumers willingness to switch or not. The researcher faces issue in increasing
legitimate data from valid auxiliary sources because of copyrights.
3.8 Summary
The part inquire about system is a critical section of the examination contemplate which features
every fundamental component of research. It altogether controls the scientist in leading the
examination think about in the most ideal way which specifically contributes in accomplishing
research targets. It helps in tending to the examination question adequately which goes for
concentrate the Indian customer conduct while buying the extravagance design items. With a
specific end goal to achieve the foreordained points and destinations of the research examine,

Dissertation 17
positivist research theory, deductive approach, utilization of subjective and quantitative
technique has been made. All these contribute in increasing relevant data on the exploration
theme and furthermore help in essential and auxiliary information gathering techniques (Dhingra,
S. et al, 2016). It can be compressed in light of the above exchanges that the utilization of
auxiliary techniques has been made to increase correlated data for the writing segment and
essential strategy for information gathering has been utilized to pick up information. The energy
consumption in Ireland amounted to 89% in 2013. As per the report presented by Department of
Energy and Climatic Change, UK will be able to meet the target of 15% of the UK’s energy
consumption from renewable sources by 2020(Froggatt, et al 2016). As per the Research,
‘bottom-up’ analysis, tested with industry, that there is noteworthy upside potential as well as
downside threat to consumption. A quarter of UK’s power is now derived from wind, wave and
tidal power and other renewable energy sources. The resources have now become the most
important source of energy manufacturing and utilization. Slowly and gradually renewable
resources have become a part of energy mainstream, helping society to modernize similar to
building new infrastructure for the next generation. Renewable resources accounted for 8.3% of
consumption, up from 7.1% in 2014.
Chapter 4 Data analysis
The UK currently produces sufficient gas to meet approximately half of its needs (45%) from the
North Sea and the East Irish Sea. They are also importing 38% of the gas via pipelines from
Europe and Norway. As per the sources, the remaining 17% comes in to the UK by tankers in the
form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
.Energy trend and Vitality Costs productions as on 30 June 2016 by the following Division:
Energy Patterns covers insights on creation and utilization, altogether and by fuel, and provides
with an investigation about the year. It provides with costs of oil items and correlations of
universal fuel costs.
An article on Sustainable power source in 2015, inside energy Patterns, demonstrates the
advance made against the UK's 15 % focus under the 2009 EU Inexhaustible Order. Temporary
computations appear that 8.3 % of definite vitality utilization in 2015 originated from sustainable
sources; up from 7.1 % in 2014. There was a critical development in the commitment of

Dissertation 18
inexhaustible power (up 29 for every percentage); sustainable warming additionally climbed
however inexhaustible transport commitments fell somewhat. The outline underneath
demonstrates the utilization of sustainable power source for heat, power and transport.
The principle focuses for the main quarter of 2016 are:
 Add up to energy creation was 4.4 % higher than in the primary quarter of 2015, with
further development in UKCS creation.
 Add up to essential energy utilization for energy fell by 4.4 %. In any case, when
acclimated to assess climate contrasts between the primary quarter of 2015 and the
principal quarter of 2016, add up to essential energy utilization fell by 2.5 %.
 Last energy utilization (barring non-energy utilize) was 1.2 % lower than in the first
quarter of 2015. Residential utilization fell by 3.4 % because of climate. The
 Normal temperature in the principal quarter of 2016 was 0.5 degrees Celsius hotter than
the same period a year sooner. On a temperature remedied premise, last energy utilization
was up 0.4 % over a similar period.
 Of power produced in the primary quarter of 2016, coal represented 15.8% – a record
low, while gas represented 37.8%. Atomic age represented 18.7 % of add up to power
produced in the primary quarter of 2016.

Dissertation 19
 Renewable' offer of power age (hydro, wind and different renewable) expanded from
22.8 % in 2015 Q1 to 25.1 % 2016 Q1.
 Sustainable power age was 23.2 TWh in the main quarter of 2016, an expansion of 6.4 %
on a similar period a year sooner.
TOTAL Vitality: QUARTER 1 2016
Add up to energy creation:
(1)Nuclear and wind and normal stream hydro power
 Add up to vitality creation in the primary quarter of 2016 remained at 33.3 million tons of
oil equal, 4.4 % higher than in the primary quarter of 2015.
 Generation of oil ascended by 17.3 % contrasted with the primary quarter of 2015,
because of new fields coming on the web yet in addition because of decreased generation
in February 2015, while creation of petroleum gas ascended by 6.0 %.
 Essential power yield in the principal quarter of 2016 was 3.3 for every penny lower than
in the first quarter of 2015, inside which atomic power yield was 4.6 % bring down due

Dissertation 20
to the conclusion of Wilma toward the end of December 2015 and yield from wind and
regular stream hydro was 0.9 % higher.
 Creation of bio energy and waste was 9.8 % higher contrasted with the primary quarter
in 2015, while coal creation fell by 68 % because of mines shutting and some different
mines creating less remarkably to the finish of their operational life.
As of now, the world depends vigorously on coal, oil, and flammable gas to meet its vitality
needs. Be that as it may, the usage of these vitality sources drastically affects our condition,
which is all around reported.
Besides, these wellsprings of vitality are non-inexhaustible, that is, they won't keep going
forever. As their provisions diminish, they will turn out to be excessively costly, troublesome,
making it impossible to recover, and will likewise damagingly affect the earth. Eco-friendly
energy, otherwise called efficient power vitality or sustainable power sources, have gained
colossal consideration and acknowledgment in the previous couple of years as governments,
associations and individuals everywhere throughout the world are grasping their ecological
obligations. Sustainable power sources incorporate sun oriented, wind, water, snow, and rain.
Notwithstanding not adverse affecting the earth, these vitality sources will never vanish as they
are consistently recharged. The target is to give a view on the financial effect of environmentally
friendly power vitality.
Present and Anticipated Worldwide Market for Energy
Restraining infrastructure based authoritative structures characterized the vitality advertise amid
its initial history. Because of exceptional conditions in the 1970s, the market saw a radical
redesign that prompted advancement in a few nations. Today, we are at the cusp of what might
be another radical upgrade in the market. Petroleum derivatives rule the power part and will keep
on doing so within a reasonable time-frame. Solid development in non-OECD nations surpasses
the decreases in OECD nations, in this manner broadening a life saver of petroleum products. Be
that as it may, their offer of the vitality age showcase is required to decay from 68 percent in
2011 to 57 percent in 2035. For 2010, the offer of sustainable power source in the worldwide
vitality utilization was assessed at around 16.7 percent. This meant $224 billion regarding

Dissertation 21
esteem. The valuation of sustainable power source is relied upon to hit 331 billion by 2015.
China's reception of the innovation would produce esteem more noteworthy than that got from
the European Union, Joined States, and Japan set up together. This would impel the area to more
prominent statures with its offer in control age ascending from 20 percent in 2011 to 31 percent
in 2035 making it the main wellspring of the world's vitality(Renewable statistics.2017).
Inside the European Union, sustainable power source had a 24.3 percent offer of the aggregate
vitality delivered from all sources. The measure of sustainable power source delivered inside the
locale expanded by 84.4 percent in the vicinity of 2003 and 2013. The sustainable power source
division is equally isolated amongst present day and customary inexhaustible sources. Present
day renewable source of energy include solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal. Conventional
renewable includes biomass, which is normally utilized in rustic areas of creating nations. Of the
worldwide vitality piece of the pie, current renewable contributed an expected 8.2 percent while
conventional renewable represented around 8.5 percent. Hydropower is one of the greatest
sustainable wellsprings of vitality. Starting at 2010, it provided around 3.3 percent of the world's
vitality utilization and was evaluated to be worth $62 billion. The segment is anticipated to touch
$74 billion of every 2015. The most emotional development is normal from the sun oriented
vitality segment. Esteemed at $44 billion out of 2010, the area is required to develop at a CAGR
of 17 percent and hit $97 billion by 2015. A few reports propose that the area will encounter 25
to 50 percent development in 2016.
Effect on the Economy
Over a hundred nations – an even blend of creating and creating nations – have set sustainable
power source targets. The European Union, specifically, has characterized an aspiring objective
of securing 20 percent of its vitality needs from sustainable sources by 2020. The Assembled
States too is centred on changing from a carbon-serious economy to a vitality based economy as
the truth of worldwide environmental change approaches quickly. A portion of the significant
changes would include:
A. Increment in Occupations
Changing from petroleum derivatives to sustainable power sources could give the truly necessary
kick to the economy. As indicated by a recent report from the College of Tennessee, the province

Dissertation 22
of Pennsylvania could produce around 44,000 new employments and increment net ranch pay by
$460 million by receiving sustainable power source (Johnston, 2017).
Among every single sustainable wellspring of vitality, bio energy apparently has the most
enduring impact, locally and provincially. This could be because of the way that the fuel is made,
arranged and transported inside a little territory. It is likewise to a great degree work
concentrated.
Hydropower and wind control developments make most employments amid the undertaking
improvement and development stage. After the framework is finished and charged, just a couple
of staff is required to do the restricted operational work. Information discharged by an exchange
relationship of wind and marine vitality suppliers propose that three to four backhanded
occupations were created for each individual utilized specifically inside the wind business.
B. Lower Customer Cost
Generation of sustainable power source is generally more proficient contrasted with customary
vitality. The American Wind Vitality Affiliation asserts that an adequate number of wind plants
– that could be worked in four years – could dispense with the gas lack. Every single other type
of sustainable power sources additionally end up being path less expensive than customary non-
inexhaustible sources. What this implies for shoppers is that they can spare cash on their service
bills. For a long time, earthy people have contended for the selection of sustainable power source
as a swap for conventional vitality assets. Today, governments and partnerships are singing a
similar tune basically on the grounds that it bodes well.
Think about General Electric, for instance, which drives the wind vitality showcase in the
Assembled States. They propelled a grassroots battle to advance sustainable power source by
exhibiting a 131-foot twist turbine in a couple of states. Such crusades mean to spread
mindfulness about sustainable power source and its many preferences. Nonetheless, a few
nations have officially moved towards sustainable power source. Suppliers in such nations have
seen the huge effect sustainable power source can have on all that really matters. Putting
resources into sustainable power source can likewise massively affect the administration's costs.
For instance, Germany is a noteworthy net merchant of energy. According to estimations, the

Dissertation 23
nation could utilize just sustainable power source by 2050 that could enable it to spare billions of
dollars as it would not have to import vitality.
C. All inclusive Access to energy
Reliance on petroleum derivatives keeps on contorting the vitality showcase bringing about a
critical number of individuals having no entrance to control. It is evaluated that very nearly 1.3
billion individuals over the world had no entrance to power in 2011. An aggregate of 2.6 billion
individuals depended on customary biomass for cooking for that year. By far most of these
people were in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable power source can reach even these
denied regions. It ought to likewise be noticed that the renewable part is a moral and appealing
speculation goal for the individuals who want to put their funds past and outside the conventional
channels. Rising speculations make a solid and uplifting viewpoint for the segment, which can
intangibly affect work creation and group attachment.
Can sustainable power source extend reliably to rule the vitality showcase as proposed by a few
free reports? All the more vitally, would adoption be able to of this innovation convert into
financial advantages for countries? Taking a gander at nations that have grasped sustainable
power source while diminishing their reliance on conventional sources, the appropriate response
is by all accounts a reverberating "yes" for both the inquiries. Information discharged by the
legislature of the Assembled Kingdom uncovered that the nation encountered the steepest drop in
carbon outflows in 2014, after over two decades. UK economy has developed by 2.6 percent
regardless of depletion in the ozone outflows by 8.4 percent. The exposure is empowering for a
nation that has made a legitimate sense of duty regarding diminish its carbon discharges to an
insignificant 20 percent of its 1990 levels by the centre of the 21st century. At present, a fifth of
the nation's vitality is gotten from inexhaustible sources like sunlight based ranches and the
wind. Costa Rica accomplished an apparently greater vitality development. From January 1 to
Walk 16 of 2015, it produced the majority of its vitality without utilizing any customary vitality
sources like coal or gas. For 75 days, the Focal American nation created control utilizing a blend
of sustainable sources – substantial precipitation, sun based vitality, wind vitality, and
geothermal vitality(Zafirakis and Chalvatzis,2014; Evangelisti et al 2015). Like the Assembled
Kingdom, Costa Rica delighted in noteworthy monetary development even as its carbon
discharges diminished. The affectability towards world temperature boost is expanding over the

Dissertation 24
globe and a few major organizations claim to work totally on efficient power vitality to diminish
carbon outflow and do their part in sparing the planet. Corporate mammoths like Intel, Apple,
Microsoft, Kohl's Retail establishments, Unilever and numerous more are using 100% green
power in the Assembled States, in this manner decreasing their carbon impression
essentially(Schaffer and Bernauer, 2014; Eyre and Baruah, 2015).
Chapter 5 Discussion
Quarter of power created in the UK originated from sustainable sources, for example, wind,
sunlight based and biomass in 2015; up from a fifth in 2014, official measurements appear. Gas-
terminated power stations were the prevailing wellspring of energy for the second year running,
representing very nearly 30pc of power delivered in the UK.
Coal control plants, which were the main wellspring of energy as of late as 2013, preceded with
their decrease, dropping from 29pc to 22pc of UK power age, while atomic represented 21pc.
The greatest inexhaustible commitment originated from 'bio energy', which incorporates the
consuming of biomass wood pellets at England's greatest power plant, Drax, and additionally
numerous littler landfill gas, anaerobic assimilation and vitality from-squander plants. Together
these sources represented right around 9pc of energy produced in the UK, up from around 7pc
out of 2014. Inland wind created right around 7pc of UK control and seaward wind cultivates
around 5pc, while a little more than 2pc originated from sunlight based boards (Raugei and
Leccisi, 2016). Sustainable power sources have developed quickly as of late on account of a
progression of Government endowment plans, while coal plants have been closed down because
of ecological control and expenses. The introduced limit of inexhaustible power sources in the
UK expanded by 23pc or 5.7 gigawatts in 2015, essentially because of an immense extension of
solar energy (Cotton Rattle and Van Alstine, 2014). The UK expends a littler extent of
sustainable power source than the majority of its European neighbours, new information appears.
Government figures as of late discharged show 8.9 percent of aggregate vitality utilization
originated from sustainable sources in 2016. The offer of sustainable power source devoured in
the UK has risen strongly since 2010 and, as indicated by the administration report, the UK has
gone past its 7.5 percent temporary focus amid 2015/2016 by developing its utilization of

Dissertation 25
inexhaustible sources to 8.5 percent. Yet, when taking a gander at the information in light of
other European nations' sustainable offer, an alternate picture begins to develop that
demonstrates the UK lingering behind. The most recent worldwide information aggregated by
the World Bank demonstrates that in 2014, the European Union had a normal offer of sustainable
power source utilization of 16 percent (Baier, Bergstrand, Egger and McLaughlin, 2008).
At the time, just 7.29 percent of the UK's aggregate vitality utilization originated from
inexhaustible sources — not as much as the greater part of its neighbours, including Ireland
which had an offer of 8.47 percent, France and Germany with 13 percent, and Italy and Spain
with individually over 17 percent. Just a modest bunch of nations performed less well than the
UK, with Luxembourg, Belarus, the Netherlands, Malta, Ukraine and Russia being under the 10
percent stamp.
Driving the way, Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway and Sweden had in any event half of their
aggregate vitality utilization originating from sustainable power source. At the highest priority
on the rundown, Iceland accomplished an offer of 76.42 percent of sustainable power source in
its general utilization. The information arranged by the World Bank concentrates on the last
vitality utilize per nation, which incorporates vitality utilized by homes, industry, and transport,
for example, planes, trains, and autos. Then, vitality created from wind, sun oriented,
hydropower, bio energy, wave and tidal vitality and also vitality from landfill and sewage gas are
viewed as inexhaustible. It ought to likewise be noticed that the offer of sustainable power source
expended additionally relies upon how much vitality a nation utilizes and does not mirror the
measure of energy delivered by inexhaustible sources. The information attracts a photo which the
UK has far to go to move its vitality utilization far from petroleum products in accordance with
its global sense of duty regarding tackle environmental change. However different factors such a
populace measure, normal assets and local difficulties, for example, vitality imports ought to
likewise be thought about when looking at nations (Booth, et al 2015). With the change in the
energy consumption trends it is clear that there is a growth in the natural gas consumption over
the years. This has helped in gaining competency and development over the years. It is
necessary for managing effectiveness and gaining concrete role and responsibilities over the
years to come.

Dissertation 26
A year ago, for example, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 41 percent of its vitality utilization
originating from renewable – almost six times the offer of sustainable power source expended in
the UK. In any case, while around 40 percent of Bosnia and Herzegovina's vitality originates
from hydropower, the rest of the 60 percent is gotten from coal-terminated power plants.
Furthermore, a year ago, the nation's seven noteworthy coal mines expanded generation by more
than 10 percent, which would have altogether expanded its ozone depleting substance
emanations. Despite what might be expected, amid a similar period the UK just devoured 6.4
percent of its vitality from coal, not as much as its wind vitality utilization. In the mean time, the
World Bank assessed Bosnia and Herzegovina had a populace of 3.5 million while the UK had
65.5 million, which mirrors an altogether different vitality request(Brexit Britain: What has
actually happened so far? 2016).
Despite the fact that the information demonstrates the UK needs to make solid move on the off
chance that it needs to progress towards a more supportable and greener economy and one day
accomplish an objective of 100 percent of sustainable power source, contrasting the above
information ought to likewise be done in light of every nation's unpredictable vitality request and
generation frameworks (Brexit impact so far its bad for the UK not Europe.2016).
Until 2007, the UK produced short of what one percent of sustainable power source inside its
vitality blend. After three years, following the selection of the Environmental Change Act, which
sets lawfully restricting focuses to cut the nation's outflows, the offer of sustainable power source
devoured, began to build, coming to around four percent in 2013 and almost nine percent in
2016.
In any case, this unfaltering ascent is probably not going to be sufficient to meet to government's
objective of expanding the sustainable offer to 15 percent by 2020 – which is under three years
away. MPs from the Vitality and Environmental Change Select advisory group cautioned a year
ago the Administration will neglect to meet the objective if "critical move" was not taken
particularly with respect to vitality creation for warming and transport. In June the Advisory
group re-established its notice. It said the administration expected to arm itself with another
system to address environmental change chances and featured the reality advance on lessening
discharges and developing the sustainable power source share were slowing down.

Dissertation 27
When most nations around the globe have restored their responsibility regarding the Paris
Understanding after Donald Trump's declaration the US will pull back from the bargain, many
have required the UK Government to send a solid flag it is devoted to meeting its objectives and
that should begin with boosting the offer of sustainable power source utilization.
Over the UK, every district has an alternate impact with regards to producing power from
sustainable sources. Wind remains the best wellspring of sustainable power source age. A
Carbon Brief investigation found that in 2016, the extent of sustainable power delivered by wind
surpassed coal to achieve 11.6 percent. The most recent local figures distributed by the
administration, demonstrate that in 2015 Scotland created about 33% of the UK's aggregate wind
vitality and had around 39 percent of the UK's wind limit. In any case, wind vitality isn't only a
Scottish issue and many parts of Britain and Grains are likewise delivering it.
Yorkshire and the Humber overwhelm the bio energy generation with 54 percent of the UK's
ability while the East of Britain has 17 percent of the nation's landfill gas limit.
Britain represents around 85 percent of the UK's aggregate sun powered limit however a fourth
of the general limit is situated in the South West. In 2015, London additionally had the most
elevated sewage gas limit in the nation. Expecting huge advance keeps on being made towards
the 2020 target, at that point the examination gauges this expanding to £22bn by 2019/20. In the
event that work numbers increment at a comparable rate to showcase esteem over that time, this
would suggest an extra 45,500 individuals utilized, bringing new aptitudes, capacities and
chances to the UK work market to equal other vitality advancements. Interest in renewable
developed in 2015, however altogether more is required (Grant et al 2017). In a year ago's Audit,
PwC revealed that £10bn was put resources into UK renewable in 2014 with a further £42bn
required to 2020. KPMG, referencing Bloomberg New Vitality Fund information, announced
that in 2015, near £15bn was contributed into clean advancements, beating 2014's remarkable
result by near half, the fourth in the main best 10 contributing nations on the planet. The vast
majority of this speculation was into power and warm with little interest in sustainable transport
other than developing sparkles of enthusiasm from spearheading players in green gas for
transport. By basic arithmetic, the UK needs to pull in a further £30bn, proceeding to make the
UK a conceivably appealing business sector with its need to meet the 2020 RED target.
Sustainable power conveyed limit - accomplished to date and anticipated for 2020 Geothermal

Dissertation 28
Vitality from Squander Biomass Anaerobic Assimilation Marine Hydropower Sun based PV
Seaward wind Inland Wind (Murray, 2015).
Chapter 6 Recommendations and Conclusion
This is the main year since Survey was in the first place distributed in 2014 that we have not
gave a development conjecture to the innovations shrouded in the production. The segments in
this report from KPMG what's more, REA contain a point by point investigation of the historical
backdrop of UK Government mediations in the individual areas. The REA presume that in view
of the number and recurrence of mediations there is elevated amounts of vulnerability of how
what's more, without a doubt whether the RED target will be accomplished. Remarking quickly
here, the current Arrangement changes for the Bolster in Duty (FiT) furthermore, Renewable
Commitment (RO) and the absence of lucidity as to Government's aims on future Contracts for
Distinction (CfD) barters all effect organizations working in the sustainable control division.
To conclude, it is very much clear that there is a change in the energy consumption pattern. The
change is important to be managed in order to organize effective roles and responsibilities. This
will certainly allow in managing the changes and following up better and effective method of
energy consumption. The sustainable warmth area has likewise not gotten away vulnerability. At
the season of composing a discussion is in progress into the Sustainable Warmth Impetus (RHI)
which proposes radical changes to the help the plan gives. The biofuels segment is likewise in a
condition of motion as it anticipates a discussion which will choose whether the segment’s
potential will be acknowledged or not. Giving a solid estimate this level of arrangement change,
either instituted or, on the other hand proposed, when the business is as yet processing their
suggestions isn't conceivable. This isn't to imply that it is all terrible news for the sustainable
power source segment. Proceeded delays in conveying atomic and a need of financial specialists
willing to approach to support new huge gas creating plant could give chances to a range of
sustainable power source advances to be sent at scale if arrangement is strong. This will
especially be the situation for advances for example, sun oriented and wind, whose expenses
keep on falling, with the end goal that as the end of decade approaches sustainable power source
plant gets manufactured through financial specialist decision rather than Government
arrangement. The entry of aggressive vitality stockpiling arrangements what's more, the

Dissertation 29
proceeded with take-up of EVs, which additionally work getting it done when sent with
sustainable power source, will be an impetus for quickened sending.

Dissertation 30
References
Acar, C. and Dincer, I., 2014. Comparative assessment of hydrogen production methods from
renewable and non-renewable sources. International journal of hydrogen energy, 39(1), pp.1-12.
Ammar, Y., Joyce, S., Norman, R., Wang, Y. and Roskilly, A.P., 2012. Low grade thermal
energy sources and uses from the process industry in the UK. Applied Energy, 89(1), pp.3-20.
Baier, S. L., J. H. Bergstrand, P. Egger and P. A. McLaughlin [2008] ‘Do Economic Integration
Agreements Actually Work? Issues in Understanding the Causes and Consequences of the
Growth of Regionalism’, The World Economy 31(4): 461-97.
Booth, S., C. Howarth, M. Persson, R. Ruparel and P. Swidlicki (2015) ‘What If..? The
Consequences, Challenges and Opportunities facing Britain outside the EU’, London: Open
Europe
Boyle, G. ed., 2004. Renewable energy (Vol. 328). Oxford: OXFORD university press.
Brexit Britain: What has actually happened so far? [2016] [Online].Available at:
http://www.bbc.com/news/business-36956418 [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Brexit impact so far its bad for the UK not Europe. [2016] [Online].Available at:
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/brexits-impact-so-far-its-bad-for-the-u-k-not-europe/ [Accessed
on: 25 October 2016]

Dissertation 31
BREXIT: the impact on the UK and the EU, [2015] [Online].Available at: https://www.global-
counsel.co.uk/sites/default/files/special-reports/downloads/Global
%20Counsel_Impact_of_Brexit.pdf [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Burnett, D., Barbour, E. and Harrison, G.P., 2014. The UK solar energy resource and the impact
of climate change. Renewable Energy, 71, pp.333-343.
Carrington, D. [2015]. UK cancels pioneering £1bn carbon capture and storage competition
[Online].Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/25/uk-cancels-
pioneering-1bn-carbon-capture-and-storage-competition [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Cotton, M., Rattle, I. and Van Alstine, J., 2014. Shale gas policy in the United Kingdom: An
argumentative discourse analysis. Energy Policy, 73, pp.427-438.
Crafts, N. (2016) ‘The Growth Effects of EU Membership for the UK: A Review of the
Evidence’, University of Warwick mimeo.
Dhingra, S., H Huang, G Ottaviano, J Pessoa, T Sampson and J Van Reenen [2016] ‘The Costs
and Benefits of Leaving the EU’, Centre for Economic Performance Technical Report.
Daly, H.E., Scott, K., Strachan, N. and Barrett, J., 2015. Indirect CO2 emission implications of
energy system pathways: linking IO and TIMES models for the UK. Environmental science &
technology, 49(17), pp.10701-10709.
Demirbas, A., 2005. Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion
problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues. Progress in
energy and combustion science, 31(2), pp.171-192.
Demski, C., Poortinga, W. and Pidgeon, N., 2014. Exploring public perceptions of energy
security risks in the UK. Energy Policy, 66, pp.369-378.
Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) (2015), ‘Amber Rudd’s speech on a new
direction for UK energy policy’. [Online].Available at:
https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/amber-rudds-speech-on-a-newdirection-for-uk-
energy-policy [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]

Dissertation 32
Devine-Wright, P. ed., 2014. Renewable Energy and the Public: from NIMBY to Participation.
Routledge.
Devine-Wright, P., 2005. Local aspects of UK renewable energy development: exploring public
beliefs and policy implications. Local Environment, 10(1), pp.57-69.
Dhingra, S. et al. [2016] the consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards
[Online].Available at: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/brexit02.pdf [Accessed on: 25 October
2016]
Dincer, I., 2000. Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review. Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), pp.157-175.
Ellabban, O., Abu-Rub, H. and Blaabjerg, F., 2014. Renewable energy resources: Current status,
future prospects and their enabling technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39,
pp.748-764.
Elliott, D. ed., 2016. Nuclear or not?: does nuclear power have a place in a sustainable energy
future?. Springer.
Evangelisti, S., Lettieri, P., Clift, R. and Borello, D., 2015. Distributed generation by energy
from waste technology: a life cycle perspective. Process Safety and Environmental
Protection, 93, pp.161-172.
Eyre, N. and Baruah, P., 2015. Uncertainties in future energy demand in UK residential
heating. Energy Policy, 87, pp.641-653.
Foxon, T.J., Gross, R., Chase, A., Howes, J., Arnall, A. and Anderson, D., 2005. UK innovation
systems for new and renewable energy technologies: drivers, barriers and systems
failures. Energy policy, 33(16), pp.2123-2137.
Froggatt, A., Raines, T. and Tomlinson, S. [2016]. [Online].Available at:
https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/publications/research/2016-05-26-uk-
unplugged-brexit-energy-froggatt-raines-tomlinson.pdf [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]

Dissertation 33
Grant, D.B., Wong, C.Y. and Trautrims, A., 2017. Sustainable logistics and supply chain
management: principles and practices for sustainable operations and management. Kogan Page
Publishers.
Grubb, M., Butler, L. and Twomey, P., 2006. Diversity and security in UK electricity generation:
The influence of low-carbon objectives. Energy policy, 34(18), pp.4050-4062.
Here's How the Brexit Referendum Is Affecting the U.K. Economy So Far. [2016]
[Online].Available at: http://fortune.com/2016/07/11/brexit-referendum-uk-economy/ [Accessed
on: 25 October 2016]
Inglesi-Lotz, R., 2016. The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: A
panel data application. Energy Economics, 53, pp.58-63.
Institute of Mechanical Engineers [2016], ‘Engineering the UK Electricity Gap’, January 2016,
https://www.imeche.org/docs/default-source/position-statements-energy/imeche-ps-electricity-
gap.pdf?sfvrsn=0 [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Johnston,I.2017. UK ranked 24th out of 28 EU member states for renewable energy Online .
Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/uk-ranked-24-out-of-28-eu-member-
states-renewable-energy-wind-farms-fossil-fuels-solar-panels-a7559376.html Accessed on: 5
December 2017
Keyhani, A., 2016. Design of smart power grid renewable energy systems. John Wiley & Sons.
Markides, C.N., 2013. The role of pumped and waste heat technologies in a high-efficiency
sustainable energy future for the UK. Applied Thermal Engineering, 53(2), pp.197-209.
McKendry, P., 2002. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of
biomass. Bioresource technology, 83(1), pp.37-46.
Mitchell, C. and Connor, P., 2004. Renewable energy policy in the UK 1990–2003. Energy
policy, 32(17), pp.1935-1947.
Moseley, P.T. and Garche, J. eds., 2014. Electrochemical energy storage for renewable sources
and grid balancing. Newnes.

Dissertation 34
Murray, J. (2015), ‘Energy efficiency scheme cut as Osborne announces next phase of green
policy shake-up’, Business Green, [Online].Available at:
http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2436536/energy-efficiency-scheme-axed-as-osborne-
announces-next-phase-of-green-policyshake-up [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Nesta, L., Vona, F. and Nicolli, F., 2014. Environmental policies, competition and innovation in
renewable energy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 67(3), pp.396-411.
Pain, N. and G. Young (2004) ‘The Macroeconomic Effect of UK Withdrawal from the EU’,
Economic Modeling 21: 387-408.
Painuly, J.P., 2001. Barriers to renewable energy penetration; a framework for
analysis. Renewable energy, 24(1), pp.73-89.
Perry, S., Klemeš, J. and Bulatov, I., 2008. Integrating waste and renewable energy to reduce the
carbon footprint of locally integrated energy sectors. Energy, 33(10), pp.1489-1497.
Quaschning, V., 2016. Understanding renewable energy systems. Routledge.
Raugei, M. and Leccisi, E., 2016. A comprehensive assessment of the energy performance of the
full range of electricity generation technologies deployed in the United Kingdom. Energy
Policy, 90, pp.46-59.
Renewable statistics.2017. Online . Available at:
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/renewables-statistics Accessed on: 5 December
2017
Saber, A.Y. and Venayagamoorthy, G.K., 2011. Plug-in vehicles and renewable energy sources
for cost and emission reductions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial electronics, 58(4), pp.1229-
1238.
Scarpa, R. and Willis, K., 2010. Willingness-to-pay for renewable energy: Primary and
discretionary choice of British households' for micro-generation technologies. Energy
Economics, 32(1), pp.129-136.

Dissertation 35
Schaffer, L.M. and Bernauer, T., 2014. Explaining government choices for promoting renewable
energy. Energy Policy, 68, pp.15-27.
Sinden, G., 2007. Characteristics of the UK wind resource: Long-term patterns and relationship
to electricity demand. Energy Policy, 35(1), pp.112-127.
Tietenberg, T.H. and Lewis, L., 2016. Environmental and natural resource economics.
Routledge.
Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015. Renewable energy resources. Routledge.
Tyagi, V.K. and Lo, S.L., 2013. Sludge: a waste or renewable source for energy and resources
recovery?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, pp.708-728.
Upreti, B.R. and van der Horst, D., 2004. National renewable energy policy and local opposition
in the UK: the failed development of a biomass electricity plant. Biomass and bioenergy, 26(1),
pp.61-69.
van Vuuren, D.P., Stehfest, E., Gernaat, D.E., Doelman, J.C., Van den Berg, M., Harmsen, M.,
de Boer, H.S., Bouwman, L.F., Daioglou, V., Edelenbosch, O.Y. and Girod, B., 2017. Energy,
land-use and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories under a green growth paradigm. Global
Environmental Change, 42, pp.237-250.
Vaughan, A.2017. UK hits clean energy milestone: 50% of electricity from low carbon sources.
Online . Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/22/uk-hits-clean-
energy-milestone-50-of-electricity-from-low-carbon-sources Accessed on: 5 December 2017
Vaughan,A.2017.How green is Britain’s record on renewable energy supply? Online . Available
at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/oct/07/how-green-is-britains-low-carbon-
energy-supply Accessed on: 5 December 2017
Wang, L., Gwilliam, J. and Jones, P., 2009. Case study of zero energy house design in
UK. Energy and buildings, 41(11), pp.1215-1222.
Warren, P., 2014. A review of demand-side management policy in the UK. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, pp.941-951.

Dissertation 36
Wheeler, B. and Hunt, A. [2016]. [Online].Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-
32810887 [Accessed on: 25 October 2016]
Zafirakis, D. and Chalvatzis, K.J., 2014. Wind energy and natural gas-based energy storage to
promote energy security and lower emissions in island regions. Fuel, 115, pp.203-219.
Appendix
Reflective log
As per my understanding, the UK has made impressive advance towards meeting its
inexhaustible targets. Possibly, the UK is on track to meet the Sustainable power source focus of
15% of vitality being sustainable by 2020. The evaluated direction for the UK to stay on track
found the middle value of crosswise over 2015-2016, requirements to be 7.47% of vitality
produced from renewable; to date the UK accomplished 7% of every 2014, as detailed in our
most recent advance answer to the EU. As indicated by the most cutting-edge gauges, the UK
was provided with 22.3% of its energy in 2015, 4.6% of its warmth in 2014 and 3.2% of
transport powers in 2015 from inexhaustible sources. In any case, the development rate over the
following five years is exceptionally steep - and stays one of the most elevated for any EU. The
general figures cover stark contrasts amongst segments and singular innovations. Sustainable
power age (bolstered by the Renewable Commitment, Nourish in Tax what's more, hitherto
Contracts for Distinction) Keeps on developing at a normal rate near 25% year-on-year between
2009 furthermore, 2015. In spite of the fact that this normal rate has descend in the most recent
year (now 24.2%) given the development from 2014 to 2015 this area has the most grounded
claim to being on track for 2020. Be that as it may, with the Renewable Commitment shut to
coastal wind also, sunlight based and shut for new contestants for other qualified innovations
from 2017 noteworthy vulnerabilities remain.
With declining energy resources, it has become important to find out an effective process
and technology in order to reduce excess dependency on resources. In order to procure better
results, This is necessary for managing the resources in a better way. It is important from the
point of view of developing better opportunities for the coming generation. This is necessary for
gaining vital utilities on a long run. The first place Contracts for Distinction are still however to
affect inexhaustible vitality limit levels and there is vulnerability about what number of further

Dissertation 37
rounds of closeouts there will be and which advances will be permitted to take an interest in
them. Inexhaustible warmth age has too developed relentlessly, expanding by and large by
25.4% year-on-year in the vicinity of 2009 and (the last entire year for which information are
accessible). Albeit just a little part of the entire warmth age, the Inexhaustible Warmth
Motivating force has driven inexhaustible warmth age to develop quickly since it was propelled
(Pain and Young, 2004). The nondomestic arrangement is ruled by biomass boilers and bio
methane infusion to the framework, while the residential approach has seen 7,106 establishments
spread all the more equitably crosswise over biomass boilers, warm pumps and sun based warm.
In spite of this development, the sustainable warmth segment is far short of the assessed
commitment required for 2020. Biofuels utilization has expanded on normal by 0.47% in the
vicinity of 2009 and 2015, demonstrating an enormous log jam in this last year (- 19.7%
utilization in 2015 contrasted with the volume in 2014(Wheeler and Hunt, 2016). Occupations
and market esteem keep on develop yet at a slower pace than trusted and unevenly over the
divisions Proceeded with solid sustainable power source development debilitated by strategy
changes. From information gave by Innovas, 117,000 individuals were utilized over the UK
sustainable power source esteem chain in2014/15, an expansion of 4.2% on the earlier year. The
quantity of organizations working in the segment has diminished, from a little more than 6810 to
less than 6790, a difference in - 0.4%. The segment with the biggest number of organizations
taking an interest in it remains sun oriented PV with more than 2000. Be that as it may, this
segment saw the biggest decrease of associations from 2013/14 to 2014/15, contracting by 4%,
with advance decreases foreseen through 2016 as later changes to Nourish in Levy strategy
unfavourably affect work prospects in the division. The businesses fairly estimated worth has
expanded over that time by 6.8% to £15.91bn. Hence it is clear from the study that one need to
find out the best approach in order to manage results.