DISSERTATION

Dissertation

Acknowledgement
I am thankful for University who provide me an opportunity to research on this topic.
First and foremost, I express my gratitude to everyone who support to complete the entire
research.
I also thank to my parents who support me financially and non-financially to support me
to complete the research.
Lastly, I thank my friend who contribute their best in order meet the define aim.

Abstract
The research helps to investigate the relationship between advance technology and UAE
construction industry. Hence, for that deductive research methodology seeking to collect and
examine the purpose of investigation. For that questionnaire is designed which is based upon the
Likert scale and data analyses was performed by using SPSS software using Anova table. Also
the result interpreted that there is no direct relationship between both variables and also there is
low and moderate relationship. Hence the findings also reflected that there are many challenges
which the company face such that managing the employees while implementing the advance
technology. Also it is reflected that there are many benefit which a company gain but due to not
having any relationship between the dependent and non-dependent variable. But by using
advance technology within the firm, construction industry improve the performance and robust
the working environment as well.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
Background..................................................................................................................................4
Aim and objectives......................................................................................................................5
Significance of the study.............................................................................................................6
Rationale......................................................................................................................................6
Structure of Dissertation..............................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................7
2.2: To understand the concept of project life cycle management..............................................8
2.3 : Use of various technologies in the Life cycle management within construction industry
for effective managing of project..............................................................................................10
2.4 Benefits and challenges associated with usage of technology within construction industry.
...................................................................................................................................................13
2.5 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................16
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................16
3.2 Research type.......................................................................................................................16
3.3 Research approach...............................................................................................................17
3.4 Research philosophy............................................................................................................17
3.5 Research design...................................................................................................................18
3.6 Data collection.....................................................................................................................18
3.7 Sampling..............................................................................................................................19
3.8 Data analysis........................................................................................................................19
3.9 Ethical consideration...........................................................................................................20

3.10 Research limitation............................................................................................................20
3.11 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS.............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION........................................................................................................56
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................59
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................59
Recommendations......................................................................................................................60
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................62
Appendix........................................................................................................................................65
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................65

Topic: Use of technology in Project life cycle Management: UAE Construction Industry
Perspective
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
In the era of digitization, each and every sector is focused upon different techniques in
order to meet the set task within specified tenure. In the same way, technologies are also used in
construction industry in every phase of project life cycle management (Taofeeq, Adeleke and
Hassan, 2019). Use of technologies is better within construction industry because there is a lack
of communication and collaboration between designers and constructors etc. Hence, to minimize
such key issues within construction industry, Virtual Prototyping technology is used, it is a
computer aided design process which concerned with construction of digital mock up and
realistic graphical simulation that address issues related to layout, operational concept etc. On the
other side, for managing project in better manner, Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine
Learning are also used that assist to make better decision and also increase productivity and
reduce the chances of risk as well.
Thus, AI also improve worker productivity by minimize the amount of time wasted
moving about construction site to retrieve tools etc. Hence, workers are also tracked by using
smartphones, along with this industry also uses sensor on material as well as equipment in order
to track the movement of things in sites (Ali and et.al, 2020). In addition to this, deep learning
algorithms are also used to identify and report errors in work performed. Thus, it is clearly
examined that there are range of technologies available within construction industry that assist to
managing the life cycle of projects.
Apart from this, in construction industry, safety issues are handled at priority and for that
Virtual reality (VR) supported and also workers could get exposure to environment. While on the
other side, VR simulators are also used in order to provide enough training to different workers
in order to perform the work at their best. In addition to this, Building Information Modeling
(BIM) is also considered another best technology which incorporates digital representation of
building in 3D models to facilitate better collaboration among all stakeholders. Thus, this can
lead to better design and share to each and every member of team and project manager keep

updating with regard to changes. This clearly reflect technology plays an important role in
construction industry (Shurrab, Hussain and Khan, 2019).
The UAE construction industry regained growth from 2017 with an output of 3.9% and it
is also analyzed that the industry is increases its growth from next 5 years because of various
projects. Such that the building construction industry in United Arab Emirates is expected to
record a CAGR of 8.8% to reach approximately 248 billion by 2024 (UAE Construction industry
Databook series, 2020). Though it is analyzed that due to COVID- 19, the performance of
construction industry is degraded from but it is expected to grow in next few years because
government invest lot in order to take an industry back on track. Moreover, the industry is grown
in both sectors i.e. private and public and it is analyzed that in 2021 it is grown by 3.8%. Also, as
per the statistics generated in 2018, it is analyzed that there are around 7 million employees
engage within this industry which clearly reflected that industry share its part in the growth of
GDP or economy. Also, there are many plans or commercial projects which needs to be
completed which will further help in sustaining elevated growth rates as well (Le, Tran and Tam,
2018).
Aim and objectives
Aim: “To examine the use of technology in project life cycle management in construction
industry: A study on UAE Construction Industry.
Objectives: To understand the concept and the stages of project life cycle management To analyze different technologies used in Life cycle management in construction industry
for managing projects. To identify the benefits and challenges associated with usage of technology within
construction industry. To recommend the ways through which challenges can be overcome with regard to
technologies in construction industry.
Research Questions:
 What do you understand by project life cycle management?
 What are the different technologies used in construction industry for managing projects.?

 What are the benefits and challenges associated with usage of technology within
construction industry?
 What are the ways through which challenges can be overcome with regard to
technologies in construction industry?
Significance of the study
Study on this topic will help construction industry to analyze different technologies
which in turn leads to successfully met the project's aim. Further, the study will help other
scholars when they also conduct the study related to similar topic. Also, the study helps
construction industry in order to determine different technologies like Virtual Prototyping
technology, VR and AI that assist industry to take better decision and lead an industry towards
growth.
Rationale
The reason for choosing the specific topic is such that in this modern era, every company
and sector needs advance technology which in turn leads to manage the project. In the same way,
current study is also focused upon different technologies which are used in construction industry
in order to manage the project life cycle management. Further, there are many issues which
manager faces while developing project and that is why, by analyzing different technologies used
in construction management the issues are minimized up to some level. Thus, conducting study
on this topic will help the reader and scholar to gain knowledge and analyze how different
technologies supported or benefited the project in successful manner.
Structure of Dissertation
Chapter 1: Introduction
It is the first chapter of dissertation which provides an overview and background of the
study. Further it also highlights the research aim, objectives and questions which need to be
addressed through this investigation. Also, this section also describes the reason behind
conducting the study and determine the significance as well.
Chapter 2: Literature review

Second chapter of dissertation in which brief thesis will be prepared by doing critical
evaluation of a topic by using books, Journals and scholarly articles. This chapter is considering
one of the most important chapter within a dissertation because it provides a critical evaluation
of the themes and this in turn helps to determine the results in better manner.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
This chapter provides the methods through which the results are generated and for that
research type, approach, philosophies, data collection, sampling and analysis method are used.
Therefore, this chapter present the tools which in turn assist in investigation issue in the best
possible way.
Chapter 4: Findings
The fourth chapter of dissertation which is highly important because it entails the results
derived through research. So, in this chapter the themes and graphs will be prepared on the basis
of responses gather through primary investigation.
Chapter 5: Discussion
Fifth chapter of dissertation in which scholar supported the responses through literature
review and this assist to determine the actual results and answer the research questions as well.
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations
Final chapter which highlights summary that derived through investigation and also
conclusion will be drawn by taking into account research aim and objectives. Along with this,
different ways are also presented pertaining to technology within construction industry are
recommended in near future that will assist to enhancing organizational performance.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is considered to be as a narrative review which is useful in effectively
representing the current knowledge which mainly comprise of the key substantive findings. It is
referred to as a specific survey associated with the research questions. Literature review helps in
gaining viewpoints of various google scholars and helps in gaining in- depth degree of
knowledge related with the subject matter. This section of the study helps in developing the key
theoretical framework and also helps in identifying the gaps associated with the study. This
chapter of the dissertation provides both supportive as well as the argumentative approach to the
same theme and research questions. It helps in gaining in better in- sight related with the subject
matter. However, literature review is considered to be as the key summary of the research which
has been carried out earlier. The literature review tends to survey books, scholarly articles and
other sources which are relevant to the specific area of research.
2.2: To understand the concept of project life cycle management.
Wuni and Shen, (2020) sought to determine that, project life cycle is referred to as the
specific procedure where all the various series of activities which are considered to be necessary
in order to attain the key goals and objectives of the specific project. The project life cycle stage
includes all the series of stages which are necessary for the successful completion of the
construction project. Also, in addition to this the project life cycle management also assist the
construction project manager to brief all the employees working on the project and this will
assist manager in directing in effective manner. This process in turn mainly comprise of
initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closure. With respect to the construction industry
the project life cycle goes in the same manner that is the same five stages. These includes the
stage of initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and closure.
Along with this Orgut and et.al, (2020) states that the initial stage comprises of nature
and the key scope of the construction project. The planning stage helps in determining the time,
resources, scheduling and cost related with the project. The execution stage is referred to as the
process which has been used in order to complete the desired construction project. The next stage
is of monitoring the whole project that is whether the project is being undertaken in the planned

manner or not. The last stage is known as the closure stage which is the formal end of project.
Subsequently,
Ma and et.al., (2018) argued that, the initiation stage is where the manager of the project
develops a project charter and carry out a feasibility study. The manager of the project also tends
to develop a business case associated for the construction project. The planning stage within the
project life cycle management tends to effectively take into consideration the complete financial
planning, communication planning, procurement plan, acceptance plan, quality plan and risk
assessment plan to attain the desired set of goal related with the construction project. The project
life cycle plan is useful because it helps in providing a framework which is useful for managing
any specific project in an effective and accurate manner.
Further as per the opinion of Mabelo and Sunjka (2017) the next stage is of execution
wherein the construction project manager will implement and execute all the things which have
been planned under the planning stage. After this the next stage is of monitoring wherein the
construction project manager tries to monitor the working of the project plan. The monitoring is
necessary as this assist the project manager to ensure that all the working of the project is as per
the plan only. In addition to this the last stage is of the project closure wherein the project is
being closed and all the aim and objectives under the project are attained.
Stark, (2016) examined that, the project life cycle is considered to be crucial because it is
useful in providing structured approach which helps in the attainment of the key goals and
objectives of the project. It is considered to be highly prominent in providing the common set of
roadmap for the team to follow which helps in the attainment of the common goal. It is also
useful in evaluating how the project has been progressing and also helps in clearly defining the
activities and the key outputs associated with each phase.
On the other side Addyman, Pryke and Davies (2020) criticizes that the major reason for
the use of project life cycle stages within the construction industry is that this provides a
direction to people undertaking the project. This is the major reason for the effective completion
of the whole project in the intended manner only. The major reason underlying this fact is that
when the project manager within construction industry plans all the stages of project in proper
and effective way than this provides a clarity to people working on the project. This clarity

directs the people to work in proper and efficient manner and this result in the better completion
of the project.
In contrast to this Lin and Huang (2020) articulates that the main reason for the use of
concept of project life cycle management is that this provides a clear structure and this assist
people working on project within construction industry. The major reason underlying this is that
when the people working on construction project clearly knows what they have to do then the
working will be more coordinated and effective. Thus, this will lead to the effective attainment
of the objectives and goals of the construction project management.
2.3 : Use of various technologies in the Life cycle management within construction industry for
effective managing of project.
As per the views of Sakin and Kiroglu (2017) in the current technologically advance
business environment it is very essential for the companies to work by adapting all the latest
technologies. The major reason behind this is that there are many different technologies coming
and if the business will not use these then it will become obsolete in its operation and working.
The major technology within the construction industry is the use of artificial intelligence (AI).
The AI is referred to as the simulating the intelligence of human within the machines which are
programmed to think that they are humans and mimic or copy their actions. The AI is used in the
construction industry of UAE as well.
On the flip side AlAmeri, Rahman and Nasaruddin (2020) states that the construction
industry is a wide industry and the use of AI assist the industry in managing the projects in very
effective and proper manner. The major reason behind this fact is that the AI is much advanced
and the AI startup launched in 2018 assures the construction industry that the AI and the use of
robots will assist the industry in managing the late or over budgeted project. This startup kit
assists the construction manager in the planning stage of project life cycle. The major reason
underlying this is that the use of robots captures the 3D view of the construction site and this
makes it much clearer for the construction manager to plan the working as per the 3D view of the
construction site. In addition to this the AI also assist the project manager in project schedule
optimizer with help of the AI. This assist the manager in optimizing the scheduling and planning
of the different stages within the whole of the project life cycle.

In contrast to this Al-Yami and Sanni-Anibire (2019) argues that the major technology
which is being used in the construction industry is the use of virtual reality. The virtual reality is
the technology which makes the use of computers to create a simulated environment and helps
the company in displaying the innovative creation of video to others for their understanding. The
major purpose behind the use of virtual reality is to create an immersive experience with help of
the video or any digital animation (Construction technology to watch in 2020, 2020). This is
essential as this will help the viewer in getting knowledge of the idea presented in the video by
just looking at it only. This technology is also applied within the construction industry as this is
very helpful and is also assistive in the project life cycle management.
In accordance with the views of Balasubramanian and Sundarakani (2019) within the
construction industry the virtual reality is used to understand the complex construction project. In
addition to this the virtual reality is also used at time of displaying the projects to the clients or
the financiers so that they can invest the money in the construction project. Further the use of
virtual reality is also made at time of planning phase of the project life cycle as here with help of
virtual reality the construction manager can create a view of what will be produced and this
makes the decision making process more simple and easy.
Further with the opinion of the Hasan, Whyte and Al Jassmi (2020) it is advisable that
another major type of technology being used within the construction industry is connected
hardhats and other wearables. This is a type of technology wherein the construction company
provides such type of wearables which measures the safety and health of the workers and other
people working in the construction sites. The wearables include the different types of equipment,
personal gadgets which the worker at the construction site has to wear in order to work. The
major includes the hardhats which is the infiltrated with the technology which monitors the
temperature, heart rate and heartbeat, pulse, temperature of the worker wearing the hardhat. This
technology assists the construction project manager to monitor the working and ensure the health
and safety of the worker.
Along with this Badran, AlZubaidi and Venkatachalam (2020) reflects that within the
construction industry is the temperature of working environment and the temperature of the
worker is not as required then this can create many issues. Thus, these hardhats help the manager
in keeping a track of the temperature of the worker and the surrounding. Thus, this will assist the

construction project manager in managing the whole project in proper and effective manner. This
will help the construction project manager in the monitoring phase of the project life cycle
management. The major reason underlying this fact is that this will help the manager in
monitoring the performance and health and safety of the employees working on the construction
project.
Furthermore, as per the views of Ignatova, (2020) another major technology is the site
sensor which is used very frequently in the within the construction industry. The major reason
behind this fact is that the site sensor is the technology which assist the construction project in
managing the site where the project has to be implemented. The major reason for this is that the
monitoring the site of construction is very essential as if the site will not be monitored properly
then this will have a negative impact over the working of the construction project. The site
sensor is an instrument or technology which assist the construction project manager in measuring
the noise, temperature, dust, volatile organic compounds and many other particulars to be
measured by the site sensor.
In contrast to this Almarri and Abu-Hijleh (2017) argues that use of site sensor is very
assistive for construction sites as this will help them in knowing major requirement relating to
site and its proper management. Thus, within the project life cycle stage this technology can be
helpful at time of implementation of plan. The major reason behind this fact is that when the
requirements of site will not be met then project manager will not be in position of implementing
project in expected manner. This is very essential to be checked as if all requirement relating to
site like the temperature, moisture level and other things will not be controlled then this will have
a great impact over implementation of project in intended manner. Hence, if this technology will
be implemented in proper and effective manner then this will help construction project manager
in easily completing whole project life cycle stages in effective manner.
Suroor and et.al., (2019) in the published paper has explained that using Humanoid
laborers is good technology which is establishing good sort of name in front of construction
manager at the time of constructing a project. Author highlights that there is more than one type
of project which are running at a same time, hence it gets very difficult for the project manager
to have a good number of laborer to carry out operation in the market. For overcoming the issue
of labor shortage in the project, this sort of technology is generally used. Author in the paper also

explained that this sort of technology also used to help the project manager in optimum
utilization of all the resources invested in the technology. As robot generally used to work for
longer period as compare to normal laborer.
Author highlights that Humanoid laborers are the one who is guided by one individual
who has the control of different operation of the business. This concept was originated from
japan. At the same time Author also explains that Humanoid laborer is one of the growing
technology concept but it is not the one which is preferred the most due to variety of the
limitation which is offered by this sort of technology in the market. Author explain that all the
construction manager generally fixes a good sort of combination of laborer and humanoid
laborer in the construction project. There are variety of different type of humanoid laborer which
can be used by the different construction manager in general.
Boone and et.al., (2019) in the published paper explains that Predictive Analytic and
supply Replenishment is another technology which can be used by the project manager to
maintain the quality of project life cycle. Author highlights that using this sort of technological
tool in the organization will help the company in enhancing the level of planning of construction
project. Predictive analytic and supply replenishment technological tool, is regarded as a tool
which help company in estimating range of data which can save the time and money for the
project manager in carrying out different activity that easily. Predictive Analytic and supply
Replenishment can analyze the companies purchase history on the project supplies and also can
help the company in comparing the data with the actual amount that was used to generate more
accurate future project in the coming future. Hence, this technology helps in securing current as
well as future position as well.
2.4 Benefits and challenges associated with usage of technology within construction industry.
Artificial intelligence
The construction sector is moving towards digitization in respect to the projects and the
processes in order to attain higher efficiency. As stated by Valente, Sibai and Sambucci, (2019),
AI can bring higher benefits to the construction industry. It is very useful in mitigating risk as the
algorithms has the ability to effectively and properly analyze the complex data sets along with
the ability to identify any of the issues that can arise in the future with a much more accuracy in
comparison to the humans. Also, AI brings bundles of choices for designing. As the machine

learning can take into account large set of data which will help in generating designs which will
help in meeting up with the needs of the customers. In contrast to it, Dziadosz and Kończak
(2016), argued that the major challenge associated with AI is that lack of association and
understanding of the people with respect to how it can be implemented. Along with that, the use
of AI in this industry is prone to security issues and for the seamless process requires continuous
evaluation of all the security aspects in regard to the integration of AI.
Virtual reality
As per the view of Civil (2017), the virtual reality is beneficial in the construction
industry from the cost saving aspect as it can save the clients' money which would have being
gone in the making of the mockup of the metal fins. The VR technology can be used in
increasing the design efficiency. VR provides an opportunity to decrease the cost through the
way of taking decisions at the initial decisions. Along with that refining the design and checking
the factors and the characteristics without first building up at first and to eliminate the errors and
get to the potential errors at the initial stage of the process. Ahmed (2018), argued that along
with benefits there are certain disadvantages as well. This technology is at its initial stage and
therefore having lot of barriers before it becomes the common practice and very few people are
aware and understand the usefulness of it. Another bigger challenge is that there is lack of
streamlined software and for creating the VR model requires to trimming the Revit model which
approximately takes around 120 hours for completing.
Wearables
Based on the opinion of Antwi-Afari and et.al., (2018), in construction industry the
increasing use of the wearable is supporting the workers in taking a look at the piping inside the
wall and therefore, reducing or mitigating the requirement to undertake costly repairing task.
This technology will help in identifying when the worker is tired and need to take a break. It can
also provide the information in respect to the location of the workers. Thus, resulting into
improving the safety on the working site and supporting teams in accomplishing their targets. On
the other side, wearable is having drawbacks like, they are very expensive which will result into
increasing the cost of construction. As defined by the Guk and et.al., (2019), it also requires
some base or the platform in order to work in an effective manner resulting into bringing in the
new system which will incur additional expenditure. Also, it will require providing training to

the workers in respect to how to make use of it which will be a time consuming process. It will
also have a huge impact over the privacy of the company within that industry and therefore, it
creates the need for the assessing the potential impact of it over the workers.
Site sensor
The site sensor technology will help in overall enhancing the construction site. This
technology will provide lots of benefits. According to Ma and et.al., (2020), site sensor helps in
exercising monitoring in regard to the working conditions surrounding the working place. It has
the capability to sensor or determine the temperature, noise and other aspects like organic
compound. If one sensor is put in every 2000 sq ft then these sensors can interact with each other
which results into providing more real time alerts to the respective authority. Another advantage
of this is that the sire sensor can be specifically utilized in decreasing the chances of any injury
as a result of the work site hazards. Also, it can be very useful for the companies in respect to
tracking down the movement of the material along the supply chain. In contrast to it, Xu, Mei,
Luo and Tan (2020), argued that the use of such technology can turn out to be a costly affair for
the companies. It can be implemented by the large organizations but might not by the small
companies. Also, it will require the use of strong internet connectivity which might be not
possible all the time affecting the effective use of it and also poor connection might cause
inaccurate gabbing of the data.
Humanoid laborers
de Mooij, (2016) explains that Humanoid laborer help the project in optimum utilization
of variety of different resources, as using Humanoid laborer in the project used to create the
situation where there is less amount of wastage in the project. Also, Humanoid laborer can work
for the longer period in the project as compare to the normal laborer as Humanoid laborer used
never get tired. On the other hand, Suroor and et.al., (2019) explains that Humanoid laborer
generally used to increase the cost of the company in term of adopting the new technology from
the market. As Humanoid laborer are very costly to hire or purchase for project manager. Author
also explain that Humanoid laborer can work for the longer period for the organization but at the
same time they used to see good sort of depreciation on the regular basis. Hence, it used to get it
very difficult for the project manager to retain the humanoid laborer for longer period in the
project life cycle.

Predictive Analytic and supply Replenishment
In the published paper Alicke, Rexhausen and Seyfert, (2017) highlights that predictive
Analytic and supply Replenishment technology in the organization used to help the company in
improving the quality of planning in the project. At the same time, it also helps the management
in having idea about current position of project as well. At the same time Boone and et.al.,
(2019) Explains that Predictive Analytic and supply Replenishment is very complicated in
nature, this sometime used to consume better amount of time for the project manager to complete
the project planning phase of the company. Not only that this technology does not grantee
success it only shows the road map. Hence, trusting on the same is not that easy task for project
manager.
2.5 Conclusion
In the end it can be concluded that use of technology in project life cycle within the
construction industry is very essential and beneficial. The technology is an aspect which makes
work of a person much easier and this is beneficial for company using latest technology. In the
similar way it was witnessed with help of literature review that technology is very helpful in
construction industry of UAE. Major reason behind this fact was that use of technology limits
human efforts and use of machine is more accurate and effective and because of this it is helpful
in increasing the business. With help of above literature, it was seen that major technology used
within construction industry is artificial intelligence, site sensor, virtual reality, wearables,
predictive analytic and supply replenishment and many other technologies. Further the
discussion was take over to positive and negative aspect of use of these various technologies.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology includes the different techniques and processes which are
assistive in completing the research in successful and effective manner. Deciding of research
methodology in advance is very essential as this assist the researcher in completing the research
in effective manner. In the same way, the present section explain the type of research used by
scholar, further it also assist to reflect the type of data collection methods acquire by investigator
in order to answer research questions. Moreover, the present section also helps to understand the
approach and philosophies used by scholar to lead best outcomes.
3.2 Research type
Research is regarded as a process of understanding and evaluating variety of the different
sources in a way that it helps the researcher in achieving the objective of the research in the
efficient way. There are two type of research which is conducted in general namely Qualitative
and Quantitative research type. Qualitative Research type is a kind of research in which non
numerical data is consider and analysis by the researcher and also looks to provide the outcome
of the research in the same form. At the same time Quantitative research type is the kind of
research type in which outcome of the research is find out in the form of the numerical form.
Among all, scholar chooses quantitative research type in which SPSS software is used
that provides valid results and also leads to meet the define aim. With the help of this type,
scholar tries to answer all the research question and assist to collect information quickly.
Moreover, through this type, the chances of getting accurate results increases while it is not
possible in another case. Therefore, results generated through this type are more reliable and
accurate which in turn assist to examine different types of technologies used in construction
industry.
3.3 Research approach
the approach of the research is defined as the different types of procedures and plan
which are the basis of assumptions or reason for selection of various methods of research. It is
very essential for the researcher to discuss about the reason for the selection of the different
methods of the research. Hence, for the approach there are two types that is inductive and

deductive (Van de Ven and Poole, 2017). The inductive approach is the one which includes
framing of aim and objective and then conduct study in that direction. In contrast to this
deductive approach is a type of approach wherein hypothesis relating to research topic is
formulated and then tested. In order to complete the present study over use of technology within
project life cycle in construction industry is deductive approach. Main reason underlying
selection of deductive approach is that this is more suitable with quantitative type of research
which is being conducted in present study.
3.4 Research philosophy
philosophy is defined as reason or value or belief which is underlying anything. With
respect to research, philosophy is defined as beliefs and values which are underlying the fact that
how data has to be assimilated, gathered and used to reach to some effective conclusion. It is
very essential for researcher to decide for philosophy of research as this will assist researcher in
having knowledge as what method to be used. Research philosophy is of two type that is
interpretivism and positivism. Interpretivism is a type of philosophy of research philosophy
which mainly works at integrating interest of human within study. In contrast to this positivism is
a philosophy which is based on factual data, information, facts and figures (Drawson, Toombs
and Mushquash, 2017). Hence, for completion of present research the use of positivism
philosophy is done as this is very assistive in quantitative research. Major reason underlying
selection of positivism as philosophy is that this will assist researcher in conducting study based
on facts and figures.
3.5 Research design
the design of research is defined as overall strategy which is being selected for the
completion of whole research in successful manner. This can also be referred to as a blueprint
which includes all major steps involved in completion of research. This includes collecting data
from ethical and reliable sources till analysis of collected data and then further conclusion and
recommendation. There are many different types of research design which researcher can use in
order to complete their study (Queirós, Faria and Almeida, 2017). For the present study use of
exploratory research has been made as this assist researcher in investigating problem that is not
clear. This design is selected as this will assist research in finding out the solution for research
problem and whole research will be completed in effective manner. Under the exploratory
research, study starts with an existing problem and then it is studied and a detailed study is

undertaken over this research topic. Further after detailed study the researcher reaches to some
conclusion and recommendation for more improvement are provided.
3.6 Data collection
It is the process of gathering and analyzing the data in order to get an answer of the
research questions. Thus, by collecting relevant data, scholar generate the best results and
understand the entire scenario than make decision. There are two types of data collection
methods i.e. primary and secondary which are used by the scholars. Such that, under primary
data collection method which is also known as first handed method, scholar chooses
questionnaire under survey method in which relevant questions are asked with selected sample
size (Mortensen and Hughes, 2018). The questionnaire is design by considering all the objectives
in Survey Monkey so that all the selected respondents fill their answers. Moreover, under
secondary data collection methods in which previous research studies are chosen and in this
present study, this method is used under literature review section. In this method, scholar uses
different sources such as books, articles and Journals that tries to attain the set aim. Therefore, by
using data collection methods, scholar attain the objectives and also generate valid outcomes.
3.7 Sampling
It is the process which is used in statistical analysis in which predetermine number of
observations are consider from a larger population. Through this, scholar gather information
from a sample which assist to answer the research question in better manner. There are two types
of sampling such that Probability sampling in which sample are selected randomly an also allows
to make statistical interference with regards to an entire group (Mujere, 2016). Next is non-
probability sampling which involves non- random selection based upon convenience criteria.
This method assist to easily collect the initial data from population.
Among all, simple random sampling method has been selected over others under
probability sampling in which 80 – 90 people are selected from construction industry. Through
this method, research easily extract people from a group easily and as a result, it assist to analyze
the use of technology in project life cycle management within construction industry. Also, with
this sampling method, investigator accurately represent the larger population and select the best
which leads to accomplish the set objectives.

3.8 Data analysis
It is the process of inspecting, cleansing and modeling the data with an aim of
discovering the useful information and provide valid conclusion and support decision making as
well. Through data analysis, scholar critically analyze the collected information and then
provides an explanation of various concepts and methods used in literature review. There are two
types of data analysis method such that qualitative and quantitative (Belotto, 2018). As the entire
research study is based upon quantitative study then for this section also, scholar uses this
method.
Thus, thematic data analysis under quantitative study has been chosen by the scholar in
which researcher present the entire findings in presentable manner, such that by using graphs,
tables charts. Through this method, researcher generate conclusion and prove the relationship
which is used within hypothesis. Hence, it is clearly signifies that with the help of this method,
scholar reach to final results and tries to find meaning in data so that derived knowledge can be
used to make informed decisions.
3.9 Ethical consideration
In order to conduct the research in proper manner, it is necessary to comply with all
ethical principles. In the same way, for current study participants should not be subject to harm
in any ways and respect for dignity should also be prioritized. Apart from this, full consent
should be obtained from participants so that research is conducted in proper manner (Bennett and
Panicker, 2016). Also, adequate level of confidentiality should be ensured and for that, data
protection act must be complied. Through this, all the personal information of respondents are
protected and any type of communication in relation to the research should be done with honesty
and transparency.
Moreover, while selecting sample size, researcher should make sure that there is no
discrimination on any basis and all the respondents should be participated on the basis of
informed consent. It is so the principle involves researcher providing the sufficient information
and assure to take part without any pressure (Brittain and et.al., 2020). Thus, by complying with
laws and maintaining privacy, scholar conduct the research in better manner and also lead to
attain the define aim as well.

3.10 Research limitation
In the present study, scholar faces different limitations such that with a huge sample size,
it is not easy to determine the views in collective manner and as a result, the results are
fluctuated. Also, there are many sites which are blocked and as a result, researcher face issues,
further it takes lot of time in order to generate the results. That is why, to minimize such results it
is necessary to have a strong research skills that leads to meet the define aim with a specific
tenure. Moreover, scholar do not have enough knowledge regards to the chosen topic and as a
result, lack of previous studies in research area is consider another issue. On the other side,
research on this topic will assist to raise the knowledge and that is why, investigator selected this
topic.
3.11 Conclusion
By summing up above section, it has been concluded that to conduct the entire research
in more accurate manner, effective research methods are selected and that is why, this section
consider one of the most important part in dissertation. Further, scholar uses quantitative study in
which deductive approach has been chosen that assist to examine the variety of technologies in
project life management under construction industry. Also, with the help of both primary and
secondary data collection methods, scholar determine the perspective of selected sample size
which in turn leads to conduct an entire study in more precise manner.

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS
Descriptive statistics
Statistics
In
Your
organi
zation
,
durin
g the
projec
t life
cycle
mana
geme
nt,
wich
stage
is
consi
dered
as
essent
ial for
a
succe
ssful
compl
etion
What
Are
the
differ
ent
techn
ologi
es
used
by
your
organ
izatio
n
durin
g the
proje
ct life
cycle
?
How
the
proje
ct
Life
cycle
mana
geme
nt can
be
affect
ed in
the
absen
ce of
the
use of
techn
ology
?
My
Organ
izatio
n
consi
ders
techn
ology
durin
g
each
stage
of the
projec
t life
cycle
while
planni
ng
any
projec
t
My
organ
izatio
n
consi
ders
the
techn
ology
in
their
annua
l
budg
et
Increa
ses
organi
zation
al and
emplo
yees
effecti
veness
Prom
otes
emplo
yees
collab
oratio
n and
profes
sional
devel
opme
nt
Mak
es
proj
ect
man
ager
feels
mor
e
com
pete
nt
Coul
d
redu
ce
the
num
ber
of
empl
oyee
s
requi
red
It
allo
ws
roo
m
for
bette
r
prod
ucts
and
faste
r
servi
ces
deli
vere
d to
mor
e
clien
ts
and
cust
ome
rs
Is
succ
essfu
l
only
if
there
is
adeq
uate
traini
ng
team
in
the
uses
of
tech
nolo
gy
for
learn
ing
It is
too
costl
y in
term
s of
reso
urce
s,
time
and
effor
t
An
agi
ng
for
ce,
wh
ich
is
stil
l
rel
yin
g
on
pe
n
an
d
pa
per
Make
s
empl
oyees
mana
geme
nt
more
diffic
ult
De
man
ds
too
muc
h
time
to
be
spe
nt
on
tech
nica
l
pro
duct
s
the
lack
of
proper
data
securit
y
polici
es by
the
compa
ny
while
imple
menti
ng
any
techno
logy
in the
constr
uction
indust
ry

N
Val
id 87 87 87 85 84 84 85 85 84 84 83 85 84 85 85 83
Mis
sin
g
0 0 0 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 2 2 4
Mea
n 3.07 3.21 5.07 1.80 1.83 1.60 1.82 2.02 2.23 1.75 1.81 2.28 2.5
8 3.09 2.74 2.49
Med
ian 3.00 4.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.0
0 3.00 3.00 2.00
Mod
e 4 4 6 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
Std.
Devi
atio
n
1.009 1.013 1.413 .720 .742 .852 .915 .886 1.05
7 .790 .671 .881 .86
7 1.065 1.00
2 .942
Interpretation: from the descriptive statistic it is interpreted that Average number of
respondents stated that project execution is consider an essential stage during project life cycle
management. While there are range of technologies used by the company during project life
cycle such that 50% of the selected participants are agreed that connected hardhats and other
wearables are used under construction industry. Apart from this the output also exhibit that
majority of the respondents are agreed that organization consider the technology in their annual
budget. It is so because in this modern era, every company needs to stay ahead in the competition
and for that they have to comply with advance technology.
In addition to this, it is also examined through the above table that most of the employee
are strongly agreed (as mode signifies) using advance technology at workplace will help to
promote employee collaboration and develop professionally. On the other side, average number
of selected staff members are agreed that using advance technology in construction industry will

help to increase organizational and employee effectiveness in better manner. This in turn
improve the result of a company in better manner. Moreover, the table signifies that 94% of
respondents are fluctuate with their opinion with regards to challenges face by company in order
to implement the advance technology. Such that respondents are strong agree that due to lack of
proper data security policy, company did not implement new technique and this cause a barrier
for an industry as well.
Hypothesis
H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no significant difference between technology used by
organization and employee and firm’s performance
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a significant difference between technology used by
organization and employee and firm’s performance
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .412a .170 .160 .781
a. Predictors: (Constant), My Organization considers technology
during each stage of the project life cycle while planning any
project
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 10.239 1 10.239 16.793 .000b
Residual 49.999 82 .610
Total 60.238 83
a. Dependent Variable: Increases organizational and employees effectiveness
b. Predictors: (Constant), My Organization considers technology during each stage of the
project life cycle while planning any project

Interpretation: By using anova table, it is interpreted that the there is no significant difference
between two variables because P value is 0.00 which is lower than the standard criteria i.e. 0.05.
Hence it is clearly signifying that null hypothesis is accepted over other. On the other side,
through model summary it is analyzed that there is a moderate correlation between both the
variable and there are only 17% chances of dependability of both the variables upon each other.
So, it is also supported by Lin and Huang (2020) that if company uses range of techniques in
each stage it creates challenges or barrier in the success path. Such that it is not possible to
consider technique at every stage otherwise it increases the cost of an organization and this in
turn affect the effectiveness and performance of an employee in opposite manner.
Correlation
H0: There is no relationship between organization considers the technology in their annual
budget and less number of employees required
H1: There is a relationship between organization considers the technology in their annual budget
and less number of employees required
Correlations
My
organization
considers the
technology in
their annual
budget
Could reduce
the number of
employees
required
My organization considers
the technology in their
annual budget
Pearson Correlation 1 .161
Sig. (2-tailed) .146
N 84 83
Could reduce the number
of employees required
Pearson Correlation .161 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .146
N 83 84

Interpretation: From the above correlation table it is examine that there is lower relationship
between both the variable such that if an organization consider the technology in its annual
budget then there is minor or no difference in the number of employees. Hence, it is interpreted
from the table that in construction industry if company uses range of technology then it cannot
reduce the number of employees and this in turn affect the performance in negative manner
because it increases the extra cost. Therefore, it is considering as a challenge for the firm which
need to be minimize.
Frequency Table
Theme 1: Gender
Answer
Choices Responses
Female 49.43% 43
Male 50.57% 44
Total 87
Female Male
48.80%
49.00%
49.20%
49.40%
49.60%
49.80%
50.00%
50.20%
50.40%
50.60%
50.80%
What is your Gender?
Responses
Interpretation: From the above table, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents are male
such that out of 87, only 43 are female and only 44 are male.
Theme 2: Age

Answer
Choices Responses
18 to 24 16.09% 14
25 to 34 40.23% 35
35 to 44 31.03% 27
45 to 54 10.34% 9
55 to 64 1.15% 1
65 to 74 1.15% 1
75 or older 0.00% 0
Total 87
18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 or
older
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
What is your age?
Responses
Interpretation: As per the above table, it is interpreted that all the respondents are fall under the
category of 25 to 34 because 40% are agreed on this. While on the other side, 31% of them stated
that they are fall under 35 to 44 years. Rest of them are not belongs to other category.
Theme 3: Working
Answer Choices Responses
Less than 6
months 7.95% 7
6 months - 1 year 14.77% 13
1 - 2 years 23.86% 21
More than 2
years 53.41% 47

Total 88
Less than 6
months 6 months - 1 year 1 - 2 years More than 2 years
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
How long have you worked at the company?
Responses
Interpretation: In accordance with the above graph, it is interpreted that more than 53%of the
people are working within company from last 2 years, while 23% of them belongs working from
last 1 to 2 years. On the other side, 13 of them stated that they working with a firm from last 3
months to 1 years. Hence it is examine that selected respondents have a good experience of
working with the firm.
Theme 4: Department
Answer Choices Responses
Accounting 6.90% 6
Administrative 13.79% 12
Operations 25.29% 22
Human Resources 4.60% 4
Finance 2.30% 2
Engineering 32.18% 28
Purchasing 8.05% 7
General Manager/Managing
Partner 6.90% 6
Other 14.94% 13

Total 87
Accounting
Administrative
Operations
Human Resources
Finance
Engineering
Purchasing
General Manager/Managing Partner
Other
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
What department do you work in?
Responses
Interpretation: In accordance with the above graph, it is interpreted that majority of the
respondents are working in Engineering and operations department. Such that out of 87, 28 of
them are agreed that they belongs to Engineering department while 22 of them are from
Operations. Apart from this rest of the respondents are belongs to different department.
Theme 5: Project planning is essential in project life cycle management
Frequency Percent
pr_in 4 4.6
pr_plan 24 27.6
pr_exe 26 29.9
pr_mon 28 32.2
pr_clsr 5 5.7
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: With the help of above table, it is interpreted that majority of the respondents
are stated that project monitoring is consider an essential stage for a successful completion. Such
that out of 87 respondents 32.2% of them are stated project monitoring stage is important while
29.9% of the them stated that project execution stage is important and only 5 of them agreed with
project closure stage.
Theme 6: Different technologies used by organization during the project life cycle
Frequency Percent
VR 9 10.3

AI 10 11.5
C_HH_Wear 22 25.3
All 46 52.9
Total 87 100.0
Interpretation: Through the above graph, it is also interpreted that majority of the selected
respondents are stated that there are different technologies used by the company in order to
implement projects within construction industry. Such that out of 100% 52.9% of them stated
that Virtual Reality, Artificial intelligence and Connected Hardhats and other wearables are used

by the company in order to complete the projects on time. While on the other side 22% of them
are agreed that Connected Hardhats and other wearables used by the company and only 11.3% of
them stated that Artificial intelligence should be used by the company.
Theme 7: project Life cycle management can be affected in the absence of the use of
technology
Frequency Percent
pr_dead 2 2.3
pr_stakehlders 6 6.9
lack_transpe 4 4.6
diff_dta_colln 15 17.2
diff_funds_recble 5 5.7
all 55 63.2
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance with the primary research conducted by the study, it has been
examine that due to absence of the use of technology, project manager did not meet the deadline
of the project and this in turn affect the results. Such that out of 100%, 17.2% of them are stated
that difficulty is data collection is highly affected, on the other side, .6% of them stated that
insecurity of the project stakeholder is another factor which affected the most. Hence, 63.2% of
them are stated that all of them are considered which affected due to absence of use of
technology.
Theme 8: Organization considers technology during each stage of the project life cycle
while planning any project

Frequency Percent
SD 29 33.3
D 46 52.9
N 9 10.3
SA 1 1.1
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: As per the view presented by the respondents, it is interpreted that majority of
the selected participants are stated that they are disagree with the statement such that out of
100% around 52.9% are disagree while, 33.3% are strongly disagreed. Apart from this, only 1 of
them are agreed while 9 of them did not say anything. Hence, it is analyzed that technology did
not highly affected each stage of the project life cycle during planning stage.
Theme 9: organization considers the technology in their annual budget
Frequency Percent
SD 27 31.0

D 47 54.0
N 8 9.2
A 1 1.1
SA 1 1.1
Total 84 96.6
Missing System 3 3.4
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: From the above table, it is interpreted that organization did not consider the
technology in their annual budget because most of them are disagree with the statement. Such
that 54% of them are disagree while 31% of them strongly disagree. Apart from this, only 1 of
them are strongly agreed and agree with the statement and that is why, it can be stated that
company did consider technologies within their annual budget.
Theme 10: Increases organizational and employee’s effectiveness
Frequency Percent
SD 48 55.2
D 26 29.9
N 8 9.2
SA 2 2.3
Total 84 96.6
Missing System 3 3.4
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: From the above graph and table it is interpreted that most of the employees are
completely disagree with the statement that advance technology increases organizational and
employee’s efficiency. Such that out of 87, 48 of them are strongly disagreed and 26 are
disagree, only 8 of them are did not say anything. Therefore it is stated that company dd not have
any benefit while implementing advance technology.
Theme 11: Promotes employees collaboration and professional development
Frequency Percent
SD 36 41.4

D 34 39.1
N 11 12.6
A 2 2.3
SA 2 2.3
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above it has been interpreted more than half of the respondents are
strongly disagree with the statement such that it did not promote the collaboration and
professional development because 36 out of 87 are strongly disagreed with the statement and that
is why, company did not use the same in order to improve the overall business performance.
Theme 12: project manager feels more competent
Frequency Percent
SD 26 29.9
D 36 41.4
N 19 21.8
A 3 3.4
SA 1 1.1
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Using advance technology it is analyzed that project manager feel more
competent by using the advance technology at the workplace. Such that out of 87, 36 of the
selected participants are not agree with the statement while there is low portion of respondents
who agree with this. In addition to this, it is clearly examine that with the help of advance
technology, majority of the respondents are not agree that by using any advance technology
project manager get benefit and that is why, company did not use the same in order to improve
the results.
Theme 13: reduce the number of employees required
Frequency Percent

SD 19 21.8
D 42 48.3
N 13 14.9
A 5 5.7
SA 5 5.7
Total 84 96.6
Missing System 3 3.4
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Through the above research it has been clearly stated that by using any advance
technology within construction industry there is no direct impact upon the number of employees.
It is so because 48.3% of them are disagreed with the statement and 19 of them are strongly
disagreed. But among all, only 5 of them are agreed and that is why, company did not use any
technology within construction industry.
Theme 14: It allows room for better products and faster services delivered to more clients
and customers
Frequency Percent
SD 35 40.2
D 38 43.7
N 9 10.3
A 1 1.1
SA 1 1.1
Total 84 96.6
Missing System 3 3.4
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Among all respondents, almost more than half of the respondents are disagreed
with the statement i.e. advance technology allow room for better products and faster service
delivered to more clients and customers. Such that 38 out of 87 are disagreed while 35 of them
are strongly disagreed with a statement and only 1 of them are agree, but 9 of them are neutral
means did not say anything. Hence, it is clearly reflected that implementing any advance
technology at workplace did not support the company to improve the level of business operation
up to some level.
Theme 15: there is adequate training team in the uses of technology for learning

Frequency Percent
SD 27 31.0
D 46 52.9
N 9 10.3
A 1 1.1
Total 83 95.4
Missing System 4 4.6
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Within construction industry, majority of the respondents are completely
disagree with the statement because more than half of the participants stated that there is no
adequate training team available who support the use of technology for learning. On the other
side, 27 of them are strongly disagreed while only 1 member is agree. That is why, it is analyzed
that there is no experts who support the company to implement advance technique within a
business.
Theme 16: too costly in terms of resources, time and effort
Frequency Percent
SD 14 16.1

D 43 49.4
N 18 20.7
A 10 11.5
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0
Interpretation: There are many challenges which a firm face while implementing advance
technology such that majority of the respondents are not agree that it is too costly in terms of

resources, time and efforts. So project manager did not implement the same in order to generate
best results. Further, out of 100%, 49.4% of them are disagreed, while 16.1% of them are
strongly disagreed and only 11% of them are agreed with the statement. But on the other side,
there are many participants who did not say anything because of not having enough knowledge
with regards to the same. That is why, this challenge did not face by project manager while using
any technology in order to improve the business operations.
Theme 17: An aging force, which is still relying on pen and paper
Frequency Percent
SD 5 5.7
D 41 47.1
N 22 25.3
A 16 18.4
Total 84 96.6
Missing System 3 3.4
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table and graph, it is clearly examine that 41 of them are
completely disagree that aging force did not rely upon the pen and paper, as they do not have any
specific knowledge with regards to implementing any technology. Beside this, 22 of them did not
have any specific knowledge and only 16 of them are agree with a statement. Hence, it is stated
that aging force is not the challenge which a firm face while using any technique but it somehow
affect the decision making process as well.
Theme 18: Makes employees management more difficult

Frequency Percent
SD 7 8.0
D 19 21.8
N 22 25.3
A 33 37.9
SA 4 4.6
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Among, all challenges majority of the respondents are agree with the statement
that it makes employee management more difficult while implementing the technique. It is so
because company did not have any specific team who support the company to successfully
launch the new project. hence, 37.9% of them are agreed with this while 19 of them are
disagreed with the statement and 25% of them are neutral. Hence, it is clearly reflected that it is
the only challenge which company face while implementing technology during launching any
project.
Theme 19: Demands too much time to be spent on technical products
Frequency Percent

SD 5 5.7
D 37 42.5
N 22 25.3
A 17 19.5
SA 4 4.6
Total 85 97.7
Missing System 2 2.3
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: In accordance with the above table, it is examine that majority of the
respondents demands too much time to be spent on technical products and they are disagreed
with the same. Like, 37 of them are disagreed and 17 are agreed with the statement and 22
members did not say anything. Hence, it is examine that this is not a challenge which the firm
face while implementing any advance technology.
Theme 20: the lack of proper data security policies by the company while implementing any
technology in the construction industry
Frequency Percent
SD 11 12.6
D 34 39.1
N 25 28.7
A 12 13.8
SA 1 1.1
Total 83 95.4
Missing System 4 4.6
Total 87 100.0

Interpretation: Majority of the respondents are disagree with the statement such that due to lack
of proper data security policies by the firm is not considered as a challenge for the firm. Such
that 25 of them are did not say anything and only 12 of them are agreed, 34 are disagreed. Hence,
it is examine that it is not easy for the company to implement any advance technology within the
workplace.

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
By conducting primary research, it has been realized that there is an equal distribution of
selected respondents in the term of gender and majority of them are under the age group of 25 to
34. All the selected workers are working in the quoted firm from more than 2 years and this is
clearly reflected that company has a good working environment and that is why, they stay with a
firm from last many years. Out of 87, most of the workers are belongs to operations and
engineering department and have a good experience to work in this profile. Apart from this, the
study also reflected that majority of the selected respondent’s state that project monitoring is
consider essential stage in project life cycle management. This is also supported by Wuni and
Shen (2020) that without project monitoring stage, project manager did not determine the most
efficient way to manage the resources and assess project status in order to determine the success.
Hence, it is examine that without using this stage, it is not easy to track the progress and that is
why, it is considered one of the most important among all.
Through the inferential test, it is analyzed that there is no relationship between the two
variables such that due to implementing the advance technology, there is no direct impact upon
organization and employee effectiveness. But it is also supported by Xu and et.al., (2020) that
due to having low and moderate correlation between both variable it is analyzed that when there
is a fluctuation in a single factor, there is no changes in other one. Hence, it is examine that if
there is an increase in the cost, company’s performance is directly affected and that is why,
company did not use any advance technology in its working place.
Moreover, there are many technologies used during project life cycle such that Virtual
reality, Artificial intelligence, Connected Hardhats and other wearables. That is why, almost all
respondents are agreed that company uses all the technologies in order to meet the define aim.
From the primary study it has been analyzed that majority of the people are stated that most of
project life cycle management is affected due to many causes such that incapabilities to meet the
deadline, insecurity for project stakeholder, lack of transparency, difficulties in data collection
and difficulty in fund receivable due to issue in billing etc. Therefore, it is examine by
Glennerster, Johansen and Hesk (2018) that due to absence of any technology, project manager
did not complete the define aim. It is so because technologies help the company in smoothing the

business operations and by using different sort of technological tool within a firm will help the
firm to enhancing the level of planning of construction project.
In addition to this, Jajal and Mishra (2018) more than 50% of the people are disagree
with the statement that organization should consider technology during each stage of a project
life cycle, but only 1% of them are agree with this. It is examine that quoted firm did not
consider technology in their annual budget because company did not consider the technology in
its working area. Apart from this, there are many benefit which an organization get while using
advance technology such that by conducting survey questionnaire it is analyzed that company
did not promote the employees collaboration and professional development and that is why, it
did not uses these things. Also, most of them are also disagreed with the statement that project
manager feel more competent while using advance technology for the business. Ameyaw and
et.al., (2017) also supported in their study that with the help of effective advance technology,
most of the business mitigate the risk and most of the technique also assist to generate the
designs which help to meet the need of customers. Hence, to implement the techniques, a strong
internet connectivity requires which assist to run project in smoother manner. For example,
Virtual reality assist to increase the design efficiency and it is an opportunity to decrease the
extra cost of a business.
Beside this, there are many challenges which the firm face in order to implement the
advance technology such that it is too costly in the term of resource and time. That is why, most
of them makes an employee management more difficult to survive, so majority of the
respondents are not agree to implement any advance technology within a business. Kucharčíkova
and et.al., Chodasová. (2018) also explain their views and stated that there are lot of challenges
which firm face and due to not having expertise team, majority of the organization did not deal
with any techniques in order to make project within construction industry. For example, by using
VI within a business, project manager faces issue such that due to lack of streamlines software, it
is not easy to implement such thing easily and that is why, company somehow did not implement
this things. Moreover, through primary research it has been analyzed that it require too much
time in order to implement the things in an effective manner and that is why, company uses
traditional mode in order to implement the things in better manner.

Further, if the technical staff did not have knowledge and due to lack of proper data
security policies by the company while implementing technology, company will negative
affected and this in turn affect the progress of a business in opposite manner. Apart from this, an
aging force who is still relying upon the pen and paper is also consider another challenge for the
project within a company. Hence, it is essential for the business to develop strategy in order to
minimize the challenge so that it will not affect the operations in opposite manner. Further, it is
also analyzed through the responses provided by the selected respondents that there are many
benefits of using the advance technology at workplace such that it complete the work on time,
along with improving the quality of planning within project. Therefore, it is examine that this in
turn improve the overall process in positive manner. While there are many organizations who
also completed their projects without using any technology but at the end most of them did not
meet the deadline and as a result, company performance got affected. Hence, it is necessary for
the business to improve the business operation, and for that, there is a need to implement
technique up to some level.

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
By summing up above study it has been concluded that advance technology plays a vital
role in the success of company that helps to track the performance of every project. In this
modern era, every company uses range of technologies that assist to meet the define aim. For
example, literature review concluded that AI and VR improve the worker productivity by
minimize the amount of time. Hence, project manager uses entire life cycle of a project
management that assist to meet the financial planning, procurement plan so that set target are
meet within construction project. Hence, using primary research it is also concluded that all the
project life cycle is used by the manager in order to identify the overall success of a project. Also
through literature review it has been concluded that in single site, there are lots of project
running and that is why, it is necessary for the business implement the advance technology.
Also, research methodology section also concluded that by using quantitative study,
scholar easily meet the define aim. It is so because with the help of the selected study is more
reliable as compared to qualitative and this in turn deal with numbers and figures that helps to
meet the answer the research questions as well. Moreover, both type of data collection methods
are used by the scholar that assist to generate the best outcome and also determine various
technologies which are used by the scholar. Apart from this, through effective thematic data
analysis, scholar present the entire findings in better manner so that final results are generated
that assist to generate valid results. For that SPSS software is also used that examine the
dependency of each variable with other and determine the actual results.
Therefore, by applying the inferential test, it is clearly identified that there is no direct
relationship between two variables and that is why, it is analyzed that there is no direct impact
upon the business performance while implementing any technology. Further, primary research is
also concluded that there is no benefit which a firm gain while implementing the technology. It is
so because majority of the respondents are completely disagree with the statement and that is
why, there is no benefit UAE construction industry face. Apart from this, it is also concluded that
there are variety of the technologies used under the industry and this in turn improve the success
of the project. Apart from this, it has been concluded that project manager uses complete cycle of
a project management cycle and this in turn help to support the business in better manner. Hence,

it is stated that advance technology some play a crucial role but company also face challenges
which need to be improved.
In addition to this, company also face challenges while implementing the advance
technology within a workplace such that it is not easy for the company manage the employees
and this in turn affect the entire performance of the firm in opposite manner. Further, it is also
examine that majority of the participants are agree while on the other side, most of them are
disagreed with the same. Hence, it is clearly stated that implementing virtual reality of Artificial
intelligence will support the company to improve the performance but in the same time,
company also face barrier which in turn affect the results in opposite manner. Moreover, due to
lack of management team, it is not easy for the company to get ready their employees to accept
the change and for that, there is a need to develop strategy that assist to improve the results and
complete the project on time. Beside this, project manager of a construction industry have to
make sure that all the stages of a plan should be implemented in proper manner so that there is
no issue of generate negative results.
Recommendations
By conducting the study, it has been analysed that company also faces many challenges
while implement technology and to improve the same, it is necessary for the company to take the
action which in turn improve the results up to some level. Some of them are as mention below:
 Recruit the best employees for the company in order to implement advance technology in
UAE construction industry. It is so because it assist the firm to improve business
operation. Moreover, it is clearly reflected that having experts in the business area will
help the business to enhance the brand image at international level.
 In addition to this, it is also recommended to the company to provide effective training
session to their employees so that it will helps to enhance their skills and prepare them to
use the advance technology as well. In addition to this, it is also examine that with the
help of quarter training session, majority of the employees learn about new technologies
which in turn improve the results in positive manner.
 Apart from this, it is also analysed that employees management is more difficult for the
company and it is consider as a challenge for the firm. In order to improve the same, it is
recommended to the company to train them in order to improve the results. Further,

different mobile and software application should also implemented which guide the
employees to use technologies in better manner. Hence, offsite construction is better
option which assist the business to make changes and improve the results as well.
 To manage the employee, proper reward system is also implemented that help to meet the
define aim. It is the best option for the company that helps to motivate employees and
engage them within business premises as well. Hence, this option is considered one of the
most and successful method that assist to manage the challenge and minimize the issue
up to some level.

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Appendix
Questionnaire
Tick ( ) where appropriate:
Part A. Demographics
1. Gender
Male [ ] Female [ ]
2. Age group
Below 25 [ ] 26-35 [ ] 36-50[ ]
51 and above [ ]
3. How long you have worked at company?
Less than 1 Yr [ ] 1-2 Yrs[ ] 2-4 Yrs[ ]
5 Yrs. and Above[ ]
4. Department:
Manager [ ] Estimation[ ] Finance [ ] Purchasing [ ]
Operations [ ]
5.In Your organisation, during the project Life Cycle Manangement, which stage is
considered as essential for a successful completion?
 Project Initiation
 Project Planning
 Project Execution
 Project Monitoring and Control
 Project Closure
 All The above
6. What are the different technologies used by your organisation during the project life
cycle?
 Virtual Reality
 Artificial intelligence
 Connected hardhats and other wearables
 All of these
7. How the Project Life Cycle Management can be affected in the absence of the use of the
technology?
 Incapability to meet with the project Deadlines
 Insecurity for the Project Stakeholders
 Lack of Transparency in the Reporting and Data collection
 Difficulties in the Data collection

 Unsecured Project Cash flow
 All the Above
Part B. The advance technology implementation within the company.
Please indicate the extent to which you are agree with each one:
1 =Strongly agreed
2=Agreed
3 = Neutral
4 = Disagreed
5 = Strongly disagreed
1 2 3 4 5
My organization considers technology during each stage of the
project Life Cycle while planning for any project
My Organisation Considers the technology in their Annual Budget
Part C. The benefit of using advance technology in project within company.
Please indicate the extent to which you are agree with each one:
1 =Strongly agreed
2=Agreed
3 = Neutral
4 = Disagreed
5 = Strongly disagreed
1 2 3 4 5
Increase organisational and employees effectiveness
Promotes Employees collaboration and professional development
Makes Project Manager feels more competent
Could reduce the number of employees required
It allows room for a better products and faster services delivered to
more clients and customers

Is successful only if there is adequate training team in the uses of
technology for learning
Part D. The challenges of using advance technology in project within company.
Please indicate the extent to which you are agree with each one:
1 =Strongly agreed
2=Agreed
3 = Neutral
4 = Disagreed
5 = Strongly disagreed
Part E. Suggest the best ways through which the challenges may overcome
It is too costly in terms of resources, time and effort
An ageing force, which is still relying on pen and paper
Makes employees management more difficult
Demands too much time to be spent on technical problems
The Lack of proper data security policies by the company while
implementing any technology in construction industry