SSC302: Dissertation Assignment

Running head: DISSERTATION
The risks factors to diabetes type two development among adults black Africans and Asians
aged 40-60 in the UK
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1DISSERTATION
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my parents and my dear friends. I sincerely
appreciate their efforts to keep me motivated throughout the period while I was working on
the research study. Further, I would also like to extend my heart felt gratitude to my mother
for her constant support and interest in my research work. I would also like to dedicate my
dissertation to my supervisor whose words of encouragement helped me in completing the
dissertation with perfection. I would also take the golden opportunity to dedicate this
dissertation to my best friend who helped me in conducting the research study and
familiarized me with certain critical terms. I would also like to dedicate this dissertation to
my grandparents for their unwavering faith in my potential and skills. This dissertation is
dedicated to all my near and dear ones, without whose valuable support I would not have
been able to complete this dissertation with perfection.
I would also like to declare here that this dissertation was completed by me
independently without any act of fraudulence. Further, I would like to mention that I did not
copy the information from any sources and did not plagiarize any information that I have
mentioned in the dissertation. Further, I have stringently followed all the ethical
considerations and completed the dissertation.

2DISSERTATION
Acknowledgements
I would like to extend my gratitude to my tutor and the supervisory committee members who
have devoted their precious time in providing me valuable feedback and evaluating my
research study. The feedback responses guided me in the right direction to conduct my
research work more efficiently. I would further like to thank my mentor who spend hours on
critically evaluating my work and reflecting upon my research study.
Further I would like to acknowledge my University advisory board for permitting me
to conduct a research on the chosen topic. In addition to this I would also like to acknowledge
my supervisor who made sure that I had no difficulties in accessing the academic resources to
conduct the research study.
Lastly I would like to thank my mentor and teachers who have assisted me thoroughly
throughout my research work. I would also like to state that their positive feedback responses
helped me at every step in shaping up my research study. I would also like to thank my
seniors whose willingness and interest in my research study and words of encouragement
helped me in bringing out the best I was capable of delivering. Also, I would like to thank the
almighty for instilling in me the fervour to conduct the research study with professional
expertise.

3DISSERTATION
Abstract
Background:According to the statistical evidences furnished by the World Health
Organization, it has been mentioned that Type-2 Diabetes and stress has emerged out to be
global pandemics. Each year reflects a hike in the percentage of the world population being
affected with Type-2 Diabetes. In this context, it should further be noted that, the percentage
of newly diagnosed cases of type-2 Diabetes in context of Asian/ African ethnic communities
rises every year with a significant rise in percentage up to 8.5 percent. The alarming rise of
the percentage reflects the seriousness of the condition. However, it should be critically noted
here that Type-2 Diabetes is not a disease condition but rather a condition that is greatly
influenced by the lifestyle choices. The research study focuses on the Asian and African
population residing in the United Kingdom, aged 40-60 years, and aims to investigate and
analyse the risk factors that are involved in the high prevalence of Diabetes among the
concerned population.
Method: The study design undertaken to conduct the research study included a rigorous
systematic review. The research study was based upon the secondary data collected from the
research papers that were considered for the review. In order to shortlist the relevant papers a
thorough search was conducted across the popular databases that included, OVID, MedLine,
CINAHL and Cochrane Library. The relevant papers were selected on the basis of stringent
exclusion and inclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria included the papers that were
published prior to 2008 and in languages other than English. Whereas, on the other hand, the
inclusion criteria included the papers that were published between the years 2008 to 2017 and
the papers that were published in English. After conducting a thorough research across the
mentioned databases, 15 research papers were3 shortlisted that were reviewed in order to
derive the research findings.

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Results and Findings: A rigorous systematic review was conducted on the 15 research
papers that were short-listed. It should be noted here that the papers revealed three important
themes that comprised of the strong link between the social determinants of health and Type-
2 Diabetes. The other themes highlighted the effect of smoking and excessive alcohol
consumption on enhancing the probability to develop T2D. The third theme highlighted the
effect of reduced physical activity on increasing the susceptibility to develop Type-2
Diabetes. On analysing the themes it could be found that the choices and the lifestyle
preferences play a major role in the development of the disease. To a significant extent, the
consumption of alcohol, binge eating, smoking and obesity have emerged out to be the
adverse consequences of popularization of the sedentary lifestyle that has served to be a
major risk factor of acquiring the disorder. In addition to this, urbanization has led to the
compaction of free space that has reduced the inclination of people towards fitness.
Furthermore, the lack of accessibility to proper nutrition and lack of awareness and education
about the disorder has also served to be a major contributor of the risk factor that promotes
the development of T2D.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Type-2 Diabetes is characterized as a chronic illness
disorder that affects the African and the Asian population at a significant rate. There is an
increasing need to introduce strategies that would help in the promotion of self-management
strategies to help people cope with the complexities of the disorder. Further, education and
awareness about the negative implications of the disease can educate and encourage people to
opt for a healthier life style and diet preferences.

5DISSERTATION
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to the research......................................................................................8
1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................8
1.1. Operational definition of the terms..............................................................................8
1.2 Background to the problem............................................................................................10
1.3 Statement of the problem...............................................................................................12
1.4 Research question...........................................................................................................12
1.5 Justification of the research............................................................................................13
1.6 Significant of research....................................................................................................14
1.7 Summary........................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Literature review....................................................................................................15
2.0 Introduction to the chapter.........................................................................................15
2.1 Broad literature on the topic...........................................................................................15
2.2 Theoretical framework...................................................................................................20
2.3 Conceptual framework...................................................................................................22
2.4 Gaps in literature............................................................................................................22
2.5 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................23
Chapter 3: Methodology..........................................................................................................24
3.0 Introduction....................................................................................................................24
3.1 Philosophical aspect of the research..............................................................................24
3.1.1 Qualitative Research...............................................................................................24
3.1.2 Research philosophy...............................................................................................25

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3.1.3 Research approach..................................................................................................25
3.1.4 Research design.......................................................................................................25
3.2 Data collection...............................................................................................................26
3.3 Data sources...................................................................................................................26
3.4 Search terms...................................................................................................................28
3.5 Inclusion and exclusion criteria.....................................................................................29
3.6 Data analysis..................................................................................................................31
3.7 Data summary................................................................................................................32
3.8 Research ethics...............................................................................................................35
3.9 Limitations of the research.............................................................................................35
3.10 Summary of the chapter...............................................................................................35
Chapter 4: Results....................................................................................................................36
4.0 Introduction to the chapter.............................................................................................36
4.1 Summary table of results................................................................................................36
4.2 Social determinants are related to T2D onset................................................................42
4.3 Dietary habits, smoking and alcoholism are related to T2D..........................................43
4.4 Physical activity is related to T2D.................................................................................44
4.5 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................44
Chapter 5: Discussion..............................................................................................................45
5.0 Introduction to the chapter.............................................................................................45
5.1 Linking with research objective 1..................................................................................45

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5.2 Linking with research objective 2..................................................................................46
5.3 Linking with research objective 3..................................................................................48
5.4 Summary of the chapter.................................................................................................49
Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations.......................................................................50
6.0 Introduction to the chapter.............................................................................................50
6.1 Conclusions....................................................................................................................50
6.2 Recommendations..........................................................................................................52
6.3 Summary........................................................................................................................53
References................................................................................................................................54