Supporting Multilingual Children: Ways for Parents and Practitioners

This study focuses on understanding and analyzing the concept and consequences of multilingualism in children. It explores different ways parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual children, including factors affecting bilingualism and the impact on child development. The study aims to provide recommendations and guidelines for parents and practitioners in supporting multilingual children.

RESEARCH:
A study on different ways of how parents and
practitioners can effectively support
multilingual children

ABSTRACT
Green, 1998 suggested that speaking more than one language on a constant basis helps an
individual in actively training his/her brain. It helps in developing well defined conversation
skills for a person. The overall focus of my study will be to analyse and understand the concept
and consequences of multilingualism within children. It also focused on developing a well
defined understanding regarding the subject and educational aspects of the study. The analysis of
different aspects of the theories will be evaluated to understand what factors affect bilingualism
within a child. The study will also focus on understanding the impact of the stated factor on the
growth and development aspects of child. The study revealed that there are different notions in
the society related to the subject of bilingualism. The process of the carrying out investigation is
comprised of series of steps. This acts as an aid in accomplishment of the research aim in an
effective manner. The initial step is related with determination of the problem under
investigation. By the means of carrying out investigation the issue under research can be
resolved with greater effectiveness. Following this another stage is related with writing down the
proposal of the research. This is comprised of determination of the aims and objectives of the
research. The key findings of the study revealed that parent involvement and a constructive
mutual collaboration with practitioners is crucial to support children bilingualism. It was also
analysed that there are positive academic outcomes stemming from parent involvement ranging
from benefits in early childhood to adolescence.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................7
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................17
Research Paradigm....................................................................................................................18
Research approach....................................................................................................................20
Research type............................................................................................................................21
Research design.........................................................................................................................22
Data collection..........................................................................................................................23
Sampling...................................................................................................................................24
Procedure..................................................................................................................................25
Data analysis.............................................................................................................................26
Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................26
Research limitation...................................................................................................................27
RESULTS AND FINDINGS.........................................................................................................30
Introduction...............................................................................................................................30
Thematic analysis......................................................................................................................30
Interview results for practitioners.............................................................................................42
CONCLUION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................46
Introduction...............................................................................................................................46
Conclusion................................................................................................................................46
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................47
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................49
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................52

INTRODUCTION
My first encounter to the concept of bilingualism happened while working in a private
nursery which was filled with children having multiple language fluency. I faced the similar
situation regularly however it never struck to me that this could help me in enhancing my own
communication skills. I am a bilingual individual and my four year daughter in a monolingual
child but this is because we never trained her in using more than one language because of an
unconscious assumption that it will ultimately confuse her young brain. However, analysing the
present situation I remembered the theorist of child development who gave different theories on
language acquisition approach of a child and their aspects. Thus, I have developed a keen interest
in getting acquainted with the concept of bilingualism and learning about the theories and social
aspects of the same.
Green, 1998 suggested that speaking more than one language on a constant basis helps an
individual in actively training his/her brain. It helps in developing well defined conversation
skills for a person. I analysed the application of theory on my own daughter to evaluate that does
bilingual practice develop her brain's response. While learning about the concept I initiated the
approach by speaking with my daughter in my mother tongue. To my surprise, she was able to
understand the language effectively however could not respond in the same language. This
influenced me to learn more about the subject and core concepts and facts related with the topic.
I realised that across time, many researchers, practitioners and parents have asked and raised
concerns regarding bilingualism and multilingualism such as the effect of concept on

communication, mental and cognitive development (Albon, 2005). I chose the stated topic
because the particular experience. Moreover, I also realised and that deep inside me I had keen
interest and love for different languages. I know the basic sentence formation from 6 different
languages which has helped in managing my interest in the area. I never thought that bilingual
language will help me as a parent and will lead to become a practitioner as well. Hence, the
following topic has been chosen as it will help me in strengthening my knowledge on the subject.
It will also help me to become an expert which in turn will enhance my capabilities of advising
parents and other practitioners about the related subject. Alderson, (1995) states that a strong
desire and motivation is important to guide and make right choices of research in order to change
at work, for further development through acquiring higher knowledge. I am convinced that I will
be able to contribute useful findings by conducting the research which will help in assisting
parents and children for the specific manner. Parents are effectively contributing in the related
subject by providing effective guidance to their children however it has been analysed that there
is wide literature gap for the subject. There are ample of questions which remains unanswered by
the practitioners as well.
The overall focus of my study will be to analyse and understand the concept and
consequences of multilingualism within children. It also focused on developing a well defined
understanding regarding the subject and educational aspects of the study. The analysis of
different aspects of the theories will be evaluated to understand what factors affect bilingualism
within a child. The study will also focus on understanding the impact of the stated factor on the
growth and development aspects of child. According to Diamond (2010) it has been analysed
that internal and external bilingualism are both the crucial aspect of determining the
understanding and learning aspects of children. As per the study the development measures of

child's development is significant in creating an indefinite impact on learning issues within the
economy. Moreover, the evaluation regarding the tools and techniques for learning abilities to
develop the skills of the children is also evaluated to be a significant aspect. Hence, the study
will develop an effective clear understanding regarding the learning and gr[wth aspects of the
stated study to analyse the social and cultural aspect of language on learning and development
capability of the children.
The study revealed that there are different notions in the society related to the subject of
bilingualism. Aubrey (2000) sated that parents of bilingual childminders are often concerned
about the issues related their mind and brain functions. The myths related to crucial a critical
period which may confuse a child's brain regarding multiple language, it has also been analysed
some parents have claimed that speaking multiple language is smarter than monolingual child.
Blenkin and Kelly, (1997) analysed that a confusion within parents of monolingual children
regarding the learning difficulties of bilinguals. Analysed all the above issues motivated me to
choose the research aim which will help in effectively answering the above related issues of the
parents and practitioner of the field. I will focus on attaining the research aim by referring to
different theories, scientific findings, social aspects and will also develop personal experience in
attaining effective and well defined results regarding the subjected issue. Finally, by answering
those questions, I will be able to provide right recommendations and back it up with the right
evidence. The question I will ask and will look to answer will be “How to support parents and
practitioners effectively with multilingual children”. I will carry on my research by collecting
data parents and practitioners and the content will be composed of the table of content, abstract,
introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, conclusions and my recommendations
and guidelines, bibliography and appendices will also be the part of the stated research analysis.

At the end of my research I will be able to make effective and valid recommendations and point
out areas where parents in some cases and in some cases practitioners need to effectively focus
on to provide and make this language acquisition, a tool to enhance child's learning and to
improve their learning skills.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Language is a tool used to establish an effective and well defined communication
measure between two or more than two individuals. It helps them in sharing ideas, thoughts, and
messages to one another in an effective and well defined manner. Communication focuses on
conveying a particular message while sharing the culture, religion, beliefs, needs and so on. The
definition of communication states “An abstract system of symbols and meanings. This system
includes rules that relates symbols and meanings so that we can communicate with one another”.
(Campbell, McNamara and Gilroy, 2004). Hence, the overall representation of communication
states that it is an effective and well defined means of expressing which is understood in an exact
manner to another individual which develops a bond and level of understanding between the
people. Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2000) analysed that language is one of the three key
aspects which helps babies to communicate. Language has been further sub categorised into
listening and attention, understanding and speaking. The stated elements help the practitioners in
equipping an effective language development aspects in bilingual children.
The first research on bilingualism was carried out by Ronjat, a French psychologist in the
year 1913, which clearly states an evidence that even more than 100 years ago practitioners,
researchers, sociologists, psychologists and linguistics were fascinated by bilingualism. Author
evaluated the basic concept, significance, benefits, advantages and disadvantages and many other
topics. Lewis and Lindsay (2000) studies indicated that bilingualism did not affect his son's

cognitive development but it improved his linguistic skills. This finding is supported by the
MacNaughton, G. (2001) findings which revealed that “Language is the main tool that promotes
thinking, develops reasoning, and supports cultural activities like reading and writing” thus it can
be comprehended that bilingualism enhances the cognitive development positively in children
(Diamond, 2010). Communication process id developed between thinking and the second
language that is already present in the system which allows the child to learn a new language and
this reasoning is transferred to learn the foreign language (Walliman, 2001). Moreover,
Woodhead and Faulkner, (2000) evaluated that acquiring a second language needs to be studied
extensively as it affects the complete child psychological personality. Hence, it is understood that
language is an essential element in children cognitive development and that the child is
undergoing a complex learning development.
It has been evaluated the second language has been adopted by the individuals due to
many reasons which has created a significant and well defined impact on the people and children
as well. Aspects such as colonialism, trading, immigration it became an advantage and any child
or even adult that speak more than one language is an asset for his family and the society
accordingly. Robson (1993) states that on a worldwide scale half of the population is bilingual
therefore many individuals, communities acquire a second language and thus are fluently
bilingual. It is quite problematic to define monolingualism as there is no proper definition,
however if a person have a low proficiency below the average of the bilingual group that person
is defined as monolingual (Hewson, 2003). Thus, a person can start to learn a language and be
familiar but not fluent: in that case the word monolingual can be used (Greene and Hogan, 2005).
On the other hand, bilingualism refers to the ability to use fluently two languages every day. The
modern facts reveal that 1 in 3 persons are bilingual or even multilingual (Denscombe, 1998).

Researches have revealed many factors such as geography, history and culture as the key source
of bilingualism. This has helped the people in creating a significant and well defined impact on
people and societies as a whole. The diversity in USA population has set a well defined example
for the same which has created an effective impact of the population of the country (Denzin and
Lincoln, 2000). The above example reveals a fact that sometimes issues such as migration or
relocation makes it a necessity for the people to become bilingual. The influence of the same is
analysed on the families of the individuals as well.
Different ethnic groups and cultures emerge from this diversity, thereby, increasing the
number of bilingual individuals. It has been observed that many Chinese migrants are residing in
Australia. It has been stated in Li, 2012 that this Chinese population in spite of residing in a
foreign country intends to preserve their own language and hence, lays emphasis on learning of
mandarin by their children. This trend in result has provided countries like USA, Australia and
Europe with a pool of bilingual people, which is a positive asset to these countries. Moreover,
Peer and Reid (2014) (Potowski and Rothman, 2011) has stated that more than 10 Million
students enrolled in schools of the U.S.A come from households in which English is not spoken
as the first language”. Various countries of the world have shown different trends with respect to
the usage of English language. Though, it is one of the most widely used language all over the
word and have been given the status of the official language, many countries still use their own
native language and the use of English is either limited or is used as the second language. For
instance, the European countries like France, Germany and Belgium are significantly
multilingual due to the movement variety of migrants in the region. In result, Europe became a
multilingual region consisting of around 50 states with 38 official languages and 240 spoken
languages (Aronin and Singleton, 2012). Some of the most common language prevalent in the

region are French, German, Dutch, Swedish, Romanian, Danish, Spanish, Italian and English.
(Gardner and Martin-Jones, 2012). It has been observed by the Prah, Brock and Abadzi, (2011)
that bilingual children are more focused on relevant information and tend to ignore the irrelevant
information. They are observed to be more innovative and creative and have a better sense of
planning and decision-making or solving problems (Crowe, McLeod and Ching, 2012). Even the
bilingual adults have a diminished effects of ageing and have a better access to resources or
people. This benefit can be observed from the working culture of Canada, where the scope of
employment for French/English bilinguals are much higher than the others. An individual's
proficiency in the language known to him is directly proportional to the competitive advantage of
being a bilingual.
This brings me to an important question in matter of language acquisition, how can
human understand and acquire languages. Many language theorists such as Skinner, Chomsky,
Krashen, Bandura and Vgotsky. According to Skinner, babies are “empty vessels” and it is
required to put the concerned language in their minds. He also emphasizes that children learn by
positive and negative reinforcement which he calls “operant conditioning” thus if a child uses the
language in return he gets a positive reward, and if he does not he is punished. He also believed
in imitation, thus if a child imitate the right type of word and/or sound, he will learn better, if
rewarded. Also, Ball, (2010) proposed that the brain is innately connected to learn language.
According to Peer and Reid (2014), there is a language acquisition device within the brain called
as Language Acquisition Device (LAD) which encodes the grammatical structures and principles
of languages in the brain of a child. They only have to learn vocabulary and apply appropriate
structures from the LAD in order to form a sentence. It was also opined by him that imitation
alone can't be the only source of learning as the language used by the adults is highly irregular

and and is often broken and have grammatical errors. This theory is not restricted to any
particular language and is applicable to all the languages as they all contain vowels, nouns, verbs
and propositions. It is stated that all languages are extremely complex and often possess minor
distinctions from the way it is spoken. Regardless of all this children tend to learn their native
language and attain fluency in the same. Further, Lev Vygotsky believed that the social
environment has a great impact on children learning and cognitive development. Hence, it is
believed by him that cognitive development may vary from culture to culture and places a major
emphasis on the contribution of social factors in the cognitive development. It is also stated by
him that memory in children is limited due to biological factors and culture plays a determining
role in the development of a certain type of memory structure which in turn impacts the learning
process and power of a child.
Professor David Crystal propounded a theory according to which the language learning
process of children takes place in five stages (https://aggslanguage.wordpress.com/chomsky/).
Stage One – children in this stage start naming things or wants in single words and begin to
relate objects or humans or places. This stage is the holophrastic in nature, as at this early stage
of the learning process they are unknown to vocabulary and hence either make broken sentences
or single terms to communicate. Stage Two – this stage witnesses the curious side of a children
as they begin to question using the terms 'where' and 'what'. They become concerned of various
things and tend to classify things, by raising frequent questions. Stage Three – At this stage
children asks many more questions as there level of understanding increases at this stage. The
questions become a little complex and they tend to communicate about each and every thought
or activity happening around them (Crowe and et.al., 2014). They start using verbs in their
sentences and the sentence structure is expanded from the early stages, and with more

grammatically correct language. Stage Four, It being an advanced stage of childhood the
sentence structure become much more complex and adopt a flexible language for communicating
various meanings. They have a pragmatic understanding of their surroundings and hence speak
in accordance to the situations. Different forms of sentences are understood and spoken at this
stage. Stage Five – By this stage they attain fluency in speaking and understanding. Different
forms of sentences such as questioning, replying, direct as well as indirect requesting, stating,
expressing, offering etc. are regularly used by them (Guilfoyle and Mistry, 2013). They may
refer to a specific event of the past or may make a hypothetical or conditional statement. They
easily communicate with everyone and about almost everything. This theory establishes all the
stages of learning, further every stage of learning may require a different set of information in a
varied manner from the surroundings.
Ball (2010) says that children who learn collaboratively with adults benefit more
cognitively and linguistically. Thus, in this century and society there is a higher need to speak
more than one language to communicate and McNamara (2011) states that in order to use the
language in the appropriate context it imperative for an individual to have linguistic knowledge.
Peer and Reid (2014) states that people who speak two languages are named bilinguals.
Accordingly, bilingualism is defined by Sierens and Van Avermaet (2013) as the possession of
two languages or alternate use of two languages. Hence, if someone speaks fluently and is
proficient in the second language as well, then the person can be termed as a bilingual. Crowe
and et.al., (2014) goes on suggesting that four parameters need to be addressed in order to use the
word bilingualism accurately; (1) the proficiency - the degree of bilingualism, (2) the role - the
function of the language, (3) the code switch – alteration, and (4) the interference – grammar,
phonics and lexical. Additionally, Guilfoyle and Mistry (2013) emphasizes that in socio-

linguistic theories comprises code switching, code mixing and variation. Thus, before using the
term bilingual or speaking about bilingualism, it is important to understand the requirements that
children need to meet and also the factors such as the background, upbringing and level of
exposure. My question is how practitioners and parents support their multilingual children
knowing that there are many factors that need to be taken into consideration?
This leads us to dig deeper and to comprehend how children learn and acquire languages,
further, we are required to understand more from the different development theorists who teach
us regarding the way children become bilingual.
Chumak-Horbatsch (2012) states that educating children to be bilingual is a monolingual
culture is an important responsibility. As discussed above parents and practitioners can be
reassured that it does not cause delays in language development, but it is worth keeping in mind
that some children learn faster than others while some children are predisposed to be bilingual (Ó
Laoire, 2012). It has been seen that talents and capabilities may vary from a child to another
child, for instance one may be better in language than the other who is better in mathematics. It is
confirmed by Hamilton (2013) that bilingualism does not create delays in building the learning
capacity of a child in other fields, however, it is considered imperative to serve consistently a
healthy and informative environment to a child, for instance frequent changes in the language
being used in the surrounding may hamper the capturing power of the child. A bilingual child
may have a smaller vocabulary in each of the languages known to him, but his total vocabulary is
equal or sometimes even better than a monolingual child (Cable, Drury and Robertson, 2010).
The home environment serves to be the best place of learning for a child in the initial years,
thereafter, a good bilingual school may enhance the learning power and quality of information.
It is critical for practitioners and parents to keep in mind the ways in which children can learn the

second language (Ghiso, 2012). One of the ways is when the child learns the native language
first which is then followed by learning of the second language, this learning process can be
termed as Sequential bilingualism. On the other hand, when a child learns two languages at the
same time, it is called as simultaneous bilingualism (Chumak-Horbatsch, 2012).
It has been observed by Smit and Van Eerde (2011) children communicate in their
preferred language and it is independent of the parents preferences, as it could be a mix of
various languages. This has emerged to be one of the major concerns of the parents of children
undergoing the process of learning languages. This leads to an important question, can parents
realistically assist their children bilingualism? Dopke (1996) states that raising a child bilingually
is a rewarding experience for both adult and child and it is also significantly worthy from an
intellectual and educational point of view. It is beneficial for parents and practitioners to
understand that quality interaction with the child shall prove to be a contributory environment
for learning a language. It is not a cause of concern as child mixing his languages infer the
process of learning is going on. Further, Alsheikh (2011) is of the view that the language used
in the surroundings may be easily captured by a child and would further replace the native
language of the family. Hence, it is imperative to achieve a balanced stage in such situations.
Castro and et. al., (2011) points out that even passivity is valuable in one of the two languages
the child speaks as the second language can he activated at a later stage. Thus, parents and
practitioners must be active in using the preferred language, and the child, just by listening
would be able to passively learn the same. With the growing age and the increasing exposure to
the world, the child may learn the second language. Parents often attempt to speak in a
new/second language, other than their native language, in order to influence the learning process
of children (Peer and Reid, 2014). This may lead to uncomfortable or not natural conversations ,

due to lack of knowledge over the other language. Furthermore, not knowing the native language
may cause isolation of the children from the family and its traditions. Also, it is believed that a
child fluent with his native language may easily be able to understand and learn a second
language. Hence, it is important for the parents to create a comfortable and conducive
environment around the children to effectively and positively influence his learning process.
As discussed earlier Ronjat used an approach that interested many linguists and one of
them was Werner Leopold. He lived in America in the 19th Century and was a linguist. He his
wife used the 'one person-one language' approach on their own child and it proved to be a
success (Castro and et. al., (2011). However, there is no evidence to support the argument that
this approach shall reduce the code mixing in the minds of children or is the best option. It is
suggested that both the parents shall speak in a language which make them comfortable, as
regardless of it a child ought to mix the languages. However Ó Laoire (2012) raised concern over
the principle of one person and one language and disregarded it as unrealistically elitist. The
Kay‐Raining Bird, Lamond and Holden (2012). criticised this concept and stated that it does not
guarantee success and that passivity is in the minority language which means the language less
spoken at home, or with less exposure. Ó Laoire, M. (2012) believes that bilingual children hold
an exceptional awareness and an innate control over their language process which means they are
able to switch it on when they are fully ready. Hence, to conclude the DSCF, 2007:pl 8 it can be
said that children shall be given space and time as well as shall be treated with patience, support,
thoughtful provision, and acknowledgement of their skills in their home language will give them
the required confidence to learn the new language of English. They are natural linguists and
with the support of EAL (English as an Additional Language), they will have the best foundation
for becoming truly bilingual, with all the intellect and social benefits conferred by it.

Practitioner and parents need to appreciate the fact that first and foremost they are the
role models for their own children, and also play the role of an observer as it is important to
record the progress of children. It has been recommended by the Verdon, McLeod and Winsler,
(2014) to all the guardians that they should realise the role played by them is pivotal to stimulate
the usage of language by kids, even during the playtime and other activities. The benefits to learn
a language at early age is multiple and this allows children to communicate easily, faster and
with a wide range of people. According to Jegatheesan (2011) This assists in increasing and
boosting up the self—esteem and confidence of children at a very early stage of life. It is also
understood that children have the ability to speak clearly without the home language accent, this
is clearly an advantage and further that there are many factors that contribute to learning of a
language. Some of them are the age of acquisition of the languages, the amount of input for each
language and the usage of those languages in the family environment or in early year’s
provisions (Williams and McLeod, 2012). In accordance with the Critical period theory there is a
period of time during which learning a new language is very easy. It may have better results and
the child is likely to achieve better native-like pronunciation, if learnt at an early stage (Madiba,
2014). A second language will definitely empower children and raise their self-esteem and
confidence; this shall give an opportunity to possess many skills such as communication, social
skills and so on. The present study is to understand the concept of bilingualism, benefits incurred
by the same in comparison to monolingualism. Further, the deep understanding of the concept is
relevant to know how to assist parents in raising a bilingual child and to suggest various
measures or approaches which shall be adopted by them (Boeckmann and Lasselsberger, 2012).
Also, to assist practitioners to comprehend the role played by them followed by
recommendations to follow and adopt certain activities, which shall enable bilingual children to

acquire full fluency in the target language and gain confidence, self-esteem and opportunity to
grow in their lives.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methodology aspect of the research focuses on analysing the crucial and critical aspects
of the research which helps the researcher in attaining effective and well defined results for the
study in a clear and technical manner. Research is a process of investigation, discovering and
collection information to bring together a clear and well defined aspects of carrying out the
research study. Clark (2002.)stated research as a venture to seek out the unknown. Hence, to
carry out the present study different books and journals were referred by the researcher in order
to attain clear and well defined result for the study. The current chapter will carry out an
extensive study on seeking out different tools and techniques for attaining stated aim of the
study.
It was carried out the study in an effective and well defined manner to develop a well
structured analysis for attaining favourable research outcomes. The evaluation reflected that
variety of measures, techniques and tools needed to be applied for attaining effective and
favourable outcome for the analysis. It was analysed while carrying that research outcomes could
be influenced by multiple methods and resources. Application of theories and practices, self
study, research analysing referring books and journals etc. were the common techniques adopted
towards the area. According to Creswell, (2013) data collection analysis and interpretation is an
effective and well defined measure to carry out the study. However, Forzano (2011) suggested
research framework as the crucial requirement for influencing research and attaining exact result
for the studies. The research design and structure for the present study has effectively been
defined henceforth.

Research Paradigm
Research Paradigm is defined as a pattern, structure and framework or system of
scientific and academic ideas, values and assumptions” (Olsen ci al. 1992:16) and Singh (2010)
emphasizes paradigm as an exemplar or a model and that our choice of paradigm is important in
influencing the chosen methodology”. Johnson and Christensen (2008) mentioned paradigm as a
loose collection of logically related assumptions concepts or propositions that one is thinking.
And later Jackson (2010) stated paradigm with three elements which involved a belief about the
nature of knowledge, Methodology and criteria of validity. Thus, we can understand that
paradigm can significantly influence my methodology.
Goddard and Melville (2004) has mentioned that two types of research paradigm includes
the positivist philosophy and the interpretive philosophy. Creswell (2003:7) explains that
positivist philosophy is a deterministic method in which causes probably determine effects and
outcomes. Mukherji &Allxn (2010: II) states that positivism uses a systematic, scientific
approach to research. Also Crowiher & Lancaster (2008) stipulates that a positivist research tend
to have a deductive approach rather than an inductive one because it focuses on attaining
outcomes in a well structured manner. Wilson (2010) suggests that the researcher should be
independent while carrying the research meaning in order to clearly define the research issue and
attain effective analytical approach for the study. The present study focuses on analysing the
ways in which parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual children. The topic
demands an in-depth analysis of research issue and factors affecting the impact of the same on
parental guidance aspect. This demands high level of independence by the researcher to attaining
the objective in the stated manner. I am quite happy with this type of approach as I am
convinced that I will acquire a better understanding of children however there are limitations to

the project as it will be difficult to completely eradicate the research influence while collecting
data, and difficult to be distant and independent of the research (). Thus this quantitaive
approach will not be applied in the present study.
The interpretivist paradigm is focused on getting detailed material and knowledge about a
small sample compared to a large sample (Tarone, Gass and Cohen, 2013). Whiteley and
Whiteley, (2006) related the philosophy to torchlight for explaining the process to get the
information from a small sample and then cover a wider sample for the researches. It has been
evaluated that intepretivism philosophy uses qualitative tools to effectively attain the research
results for the study. Creswell (2003:9) says that ‘it generates or inductively develops a theory or
pattern of meanings throughout the research process”. Meanwhile, as Creswell (2003:9) states
that the researcher rely more upon “participants” views of the situation being studied”.
Furthermore, it was also analysed that the researcher does not stand above or outside, but is a
participant observer who engages in the activities completely. This type of paradigm is more
focused on how human perceives things. Tarone, Gass and Cohen (2013) analysed that social
reality is historically constituted and that it is produced and reproduced by people which means
that man factors can influence the researcher and the participants. This critically evaluates the
social contribution and influence on the research analysis. The present study focuses on
analysing the measures which can be used to help multilingual children in the country. The social
construction of the study plays a significant and crucial role in the study. Interpretivist
philosophy will thus be applied in the study to develop a well defined and significant aspect of
the research.

Research approach
This is another significant aspect of research which focuses on analysing the data
collection and research designing aspects for the sated analysis. It helps in attaining a clear and
well defined picture of the overall analysis. Whiteley and Whiteley (2006) referred research
approach as the to the investigation plan and process that facilitates the development of
appropriate theories for the analysis. It helps the employees in attaining effective and well
defined results for the study (Crowther and Lancaster, 2012). This aspect of the study will create
a significant and well defined impact on the research evaluation method. There are two types of
research approaches adopted commonly in research analysis. These involves inductive and
deductive approach. Each approach has a different and unique technique for attaining the
research results which helps in effectively attaining the stated results for the analysis. There is
conceptual and empirical research where the conceptual research is related to abstract ideas
whereas the empirical relies on experiences or observations, quantitative and qualitative research
as discussed above concerned with quantity and quality where the qualitative method study the
causes for a particular human behaviour, it can be done by doing action research.
Inductive analysis as per the researcher focuses on resolving the research issue through
rigid measures for research analysis which helps in attaining effective and well defined results
for the study. It helps in creating a significant impact on the research design and data collection
aspect for the study. Inductive research approach undertakes qualitative approach to attain the
latest data and attain effective results for the analysis. This fundamental consists of
generalisations and end with formulation of a theory. Inductive research approach is carried out
on the basis of well defined and in-depth analysis of research issue. It evaluates the data for the
research and focuses on attaining the same by collecting valid and reliable information for

resolving the research issue. Data collection and reach question formulation is a common
approach adopted for the stated measure.
Lillis, (2008) stated that deductive research approach follows by different studies which
involves development of hypothesis and theory as well as formulate a strategy for testing
hypothesis. This approach carries a rigid and structured means of data collection approach to
evaluate the valid and effective results for the study. This approach demands an extensive
analysis of scientific or quantitative approaches to attain the stated research results. The
deductive approach commonly undertakes the hypothesis testing approach for attaining the valid
research results. The impact of the same is effective and well defined for the studies conducted
on a broad basis. The approach applies quantitative method to evaluate the specified data and
attain appropriate result for the study.
The current research issue focuses on analysing the ways in which parents and
practitioners can effectively support multilingual children. The stated aim will be effectively
attained by collecting valid and reliable data for the analysis which will help in generating
favourable results for the analysis. Inductive approach will valid for the analysis as it help the
researcher in adopting qualitative approach of data analysis which is effective and well defined
for the results.
Research type
Research type focuses of analysing the research problem to evaluate the effective and
well defined method to carry out the research analysis. Samuel, (2005) evaluated that analysing
research type in an effective manner helps the researcher in adopting effective method to carry
out the further analysis as mentioned in the earlier section. The common types of research types

adopted by the researchers includes qualitative and quantitative research type. Both measures are
effective for attaining reliable and appropriate results for the study.
According to Goddard and Melville (2004) quantitative research types focuses on
undertaking a well defined and appropriate research studies to conduct effective and valuable
results for the analysis. It involves different approach to analyse the data which includes
statistical measure, SPSS tool, mathematical tools, scientific approaches etc. This helps the
analyst in creating a clear and well defined picture of the research method to effectively evaluate
the results for the analysis. Kumar (2014) analysed that this method of analysis is very effective
for the scientific researches. Social researches are difficult to carry out using quantitative method
because of the associated challenge of changing consumer perception into quantitative data for
further analysis.
Research design
It is regarded as the blueprint of study and highlights the appropriate way through which
entire research will take place. Further, it provides direction to the research and in turn
systematizes the research (Goddard and Melville, 2004). Different type of research designs are
being present which supports in accomplishment of desired goals and objectives. It involves
exploratory, descriptive, explanatory etc. Selection of research design depends on the nature of
research and provides fruitful results if selected in proper manner. Exploratory research design
focuses on exploring new ideas which are directly associated with the research. Further, it
provides base to the entire research where all the research questions can be answered easily and
in appropriate manner (Kumar, 2014.). Apart from this, descriptive is also another type of
research design where main stress is on providing description of the topic being chosen. It
supports in carrying out research in in-depth and leads to favourable outcomes.

Considering the nature of present research exploratory as a research design has been
selected where main focus is on identifying different ways of how parents and practitioners can
effectively support multilingual children. The main reason behind selection of this design is to
explore new ideas which are beneficial for the research and in turn can lead to accomplishment
of favourable results beneficial for the entire research. On the other hand, other type of design
such as descriptive is not favourable in case of present study where it is not possible to provide
description of the topic being chosen. Therefore, with the help of this it can be stated that
exploratory as research design is appropriate for the research rather than descriptive.
Data collection
In order to conduct the entire research in proper manner it is necessary to collect adequate
amount of information which can assist in accomplishing aim of the research. Further, two
sources are being present with the help of which it becomes easy to collect information linked
with the study. Further, main sources of data collection involves primary and secondary. Primary
information is collected for the first same and it supports in obtaining fruitful information
beneficial in accomplishing aim of the research. Moreover, different techniques are present for
obtaining primary information and it involves questionnaire, interview etc. On the other hand in
case of secondary data collection various books, journals and online articles are being considered
for obtaining the crucial data linked with the research. This directly provides base to the research
and in turn accomplishment of major aim becomes easy.
Considering the nature of present research both sources have been employed for data
collected. Primary information has been collected through well designed questionnaire. Data has
been collected from parents, children and practitioners. In case of parents survey has been carried
out, for children observation technique has been undertaken and for practitioners interview has

been carried out. Apart from this, secondary data has also been collected where different books,
journals and online articles have been used which are associated with multilingual children.
Therefore, considering both the primary and secondary sources it can be said that information
being gathered has supported in gathering adequate amount of information which is relevant for
the entire research in every possible manner.
Sampling
For conducting the overall research in appropriate manner it is necessary to undertake
appropriate sample size by considering the nature of research. Further, different types of
sampling techniques are present with the help of which information from large number of
respondents can be gathered easily. Overall techniques being used are simple random, stratified,
cluster, systematic, purposive etc. Selection of appropriate sampling technique depends on the
nature of research. Random sampling technique is being undertaken when respondents associated
with the study are selected randomly and there is no such fixed criteria employed for selection of
respondents. Further, in case of stratified sampling the entire heterogeneous population splits into
fairly homogeneous group. Generally strata is formed which is being obtained from simple
random sample of each group. Apart from this, in case of cluster sampling where population is
divided into group, data is being obtained on every sampling unit in randomly selected clusters.
Considering the nature of the present study purposive sampling technique has been used when
overall information has been gathered considering the main purpose of the research and it
provides base in accomplishing overall aims and objectives of the research. Further, sample size
of 25 parents, 10 childrens and 5 practitioners has been considered. So, with the help of this it
can be clearly stated that sample size being undertaken for the research is effective and can lead
to favourable results in every possible manner.

Procedure
The process of the carrying out investigation is comprised of series of steps. This acts as
an aid in accomplishment of the research aim in an effective manner. The initial step is related
with determination of the problem under investigation. By the means of carrying out
investigation the issue under research can be resolved with greater effectiveness. Following this
another stage is related with writing down the proposal of the research. This is comprised of
determination of the aims and objectives of the research. Thus such has greater role in offering
suitable direction towards accomplishment of the investigation in proper manner. In the present
study the entire investigation is being directed towards finding conclusion towards how the
parents and practitioners can offer positive assistance to the children in early years at school and
at home.
After the completion of writing down the research proposal the next step is related with
the development of the research design. This has effectiveness in reflecting the size of the sample
that would be selected in order to carry out the investigation. Further on the basis of the nature of
the investigation the other methodology under investigation would be used so that suitable
outcomes can be attained with greater effectiveness. In the present investigation the responses
have been gathered from 25 parents and 5 practitioners. The parents of multilingual children
were chosen on random basis. Further the selection of practitioner was done on systematic basis.
Under this 15 practitioners were selected who are involved in particular subject. Then out this
every 3rd practitioner was chosen. This assist in making selection of sample who can represent
the entire population. After this the next stage is comprised of collection of data. This is being
gathered through the means of survey and interview from the participants of the investigation.

Later the collected information is analysed through several statistical tool that can assist in
gaining findings so that valid conclusion can be drawn from the investigation.
Data analysis
It is regarded as one of the most crucial part of the study where information obtained has to
be analysed so as to gain expected findings. Further, two techniques of data analysis are being
present which involves qualitative and quantitative. In case of qualitative analysis different
themes are formed on the basis of information being obtained from the respondents associated
with the study. Further, thematic analysis is regarded to be most appropriate especially at the
time when data has to be analyzed thoroughly. On the other hand, when quantitative method is
being undertaken then different statistical tools are being used for the purpose of data analysis. It
involves mean, mode and median which are being undertaken with the motive to gain expected
results. In many studies it is possible that both the techniques are undertaken for data analysis
and this provides base to the entire research. Considering the nature of the present study both the
techniques of data analysis have been considered where themes have been formed on the basis of
information being obtained from the respondents. Thematic analysis has supported in knowing
whether the objective of study has been accomplished or not. Apart from this, in quantitative
technique different graphs have been prepared and some statistical tools have been undertaken
for analysing the overall information. Therefore, with the help of this it can be clearly stated that
both qualitative and quantitative tools undertaken are appropriate and effective too.
Ethical consideration
While carrying out the investigation ethical consideration are regarded as crucial aspect
that are required to be taken into account by the researcher. In the present thesis on a study on

different ways of how parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual children the
focus of researcher is on ethical norms that have been enumerated in the manner stated as under: Prior approval: In the present thesis prior approval from the respondents that includes
parents and practitioners has been taken. This has made sure that all none of the
individual is being engaged within the study forcefully. The participants have been given
information about the purpose because of which the investigation is being conducted. Confidentiality: It is important to keep maintenance of the confidentiality of the data. In
the present study on a study on different ways of how parents and practitioners can
effectively support multilingual children factors relating with ethical consideration that is
confidentiality is being made sure. The respondents were made sure regarding the
maintenance of the privacy in relation to the data that has been offered.
 Proper citation of work: The research work that is being conducted by several researcher
is being used in the present report with the aim to attain better knowledge regarding the
particular subject matter. Proper citation of the work is being done by the researcher. The
researcher has taken into consideration that none of the content has been copied in the
exact manner. Rather it is being rephrased and written in own words.
Research limitation
The procedure of conducting the whole research was challenging. Further several issues
were being faced by the researcher. The limitation of the present thesis on a study on different
ways of how parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual children are stated in
the manner presented below: Smaller size of sample: In the present investigation the information gathered has been
collection through the smaller sample. This is regarded as the major drawback as the data

collected might not be accurate or true representative of the whole population that is
comprised of parents and practitioners. The investigation is required to be completed in
particular duration of time. Thus due to this selection of smaller sample is being done so
that data collection can be carried out in faster way. Therefore it is regarded as the major
limitation of the present thesis. Difficulty in gaining better insight the complex questions offered in the questionnaire: For
the purpose of gathering data in relation to the view points as well as opinions of the
parents and practitioners the tool of questionnaire is being utilized. In the present report
on different ways of how parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual
children the questionnaire is being applied. Such includes both close and open ended
questions. Major limitation attached with this is that certain times the respondents are not
able to gain insight to the questions that are complex in nature within the questionnaire.
Because of such the several aspects under the investigation are not covered. In the present
thesis on ways of how parents and practitioners can effectively support multilingual
children the respondents has failed to attain certain difficult questions that have
influenced the research to a significant level. Interview has been process that takes time: The procedure of survey in order to collect
the data is being utilized for the present investigation. This is regarded as major limitation
Which needs to the researcher to plan the questions in advance which are required to be
asked to participants of interview. Therefore such become time consuming and immense
amount of efforts has to be put in by the scholar.
 Limited depth of answers offered by means of questionnaire revealing lower validity:
There is greater limitation of the present thesis. This presents that as the questionnaire

involves close ended questions thus due to this respondents or participants become bound
to respond from the choices available to them. This such demonstrates lower validity and
there is absence of in-depth answers offered by the means of questionnaire.

RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Introduction
Following the research methodology another section of the dissertation is analysis of
data. It is the procedure of making application of the statistical as well as logical tools in
systematic way. This is in order to make evaluation and condense the data. In this section the
data gathered is being analysed. Further it is being interpreted for the purpose of making
production of useful information. In the present thesis on different ways of how parents and
practitioners can effectively support multilingual children qualitative for data analysis has been
employed. For the purpose of carrying out such thematic technique has been used. Under this
themes would be developed in accordance with the patterns that prevails across the data. This
facilitates in offering suitable description regarding the phenomenon under subject matter. The
data is being collected from 25 individuals who are parents of multilingual children. With
thematic analysis clear picture can be drawn regarding the manner in which parents offers
assistance to multilingual children.
Thematic analysis
Theme 1: Parents having 2 children were researched
How many children do you have? Frequency Percentage Cumulative
1 8 32% 32.00%
2 13 52% 84.00%
3 3 12% 96.00%
More than three 1 4% 100.00%

Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding the number of
children they possess. 13 respondent say 2, 8 respondents replied 1. In addition to this 1 parent
replied more than three. On the other hand 3 respondents says 3.
Analysis: By making analysis of the responses gained through survey of parents of multilingual
children it has been gained that majority of the respondents possess 2 children. However the
number of children more than three is possessed by only 1 respondents. This reflects maximum
number of parents are having just 2 children only. This presents that they have the ability to deal
with two multilingual children on an average.
Theme 2: All children are multilingual in a family
Are all your children bilingual/Multilingual? Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Yes 18 72% 72.00%
No 7 28% 100.00%
72%
28%
Yes
No

Findings: On asking the parents of multilingual children regarding whether or the children are
bilingual or multilingual not . 18 respondent say yes to the statement. In contrast to this 7 parents
replied no to the view.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents states that all there
children are bilingual or multilingual. This reflects such ability among the children is from birth.
Further it demonstrates that there is no scenario that one children is being taught and another one
is not offered knowledge. It is within the ability of the children that the language that is being
spoken by their parents would be learned by them automatically. Thus it can be stated that all the
children are multilingual.
Theme 3: Language spoken at home are the factors which contributed in developing
bilingualism in child
What according to you are the factors which
contributed in developing bilingualism in your
child? Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Interest of the child 2 8% 8.00%
Language spoken at home 11 44% 52.00%
Friends influence 3 12% 64.00%
Lessons provided 8 32% 96.00%
External influence 1 4% 100.00%

Interest of the child
Language spoken at home
Friends influence
Lessons provided
External influence
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
8%
44%
12%
32%
4%
Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding factors which
contributed in developing bilingualism in your child. 11 respondent say language spoken at
home, 8 respondents replied lessons provided. In addition to this 1 parent replied external
influence is the factor. On the other hand 2 parents says interest of the child. However 3
respondents replied influence of the friends as a major factor.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents states language spoken
at home is regarded as the factor that contributes in development of bilingualism within child.
This is because of the reason that children mostly learns from the family. Thus it is considered as
important part in enhancing knowledge among the children to becoming a multilingual. This is
because of the assistance that is being offered to the children by their parents to a greater extent.
Theme 4: Bilingualism/multilingualism has helped your child in leaning better and faster

Do you think bilingualism/multilingualism has
helped your child in learning better and faster Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Yes 12 48% 48.00%
No 5 20% 68.00%
Not sure 8 32% 100.00%
48%
20%
32%
Yes
No
Not sure
Findings: On asking the parents of multilingual children regarding whether
bilingualism/multilingualism has helped your child in learning better and faster. Out of 25
parents 12 respondents replied yes to the view. On the other hand 5 parents responded no to the
statement. Further 8 participants replied that they are not sure about the statement.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents believed that
bilingualism/multilingualism has helped your child in learning better and faster. This is due to
the reason that it acts as an aid for them in increasing their grasping power. Thus they are able to

learn in faster manner. By speaking more number of languages the children develops greater
confidence among them. This helps in bringing greater development within them that enhances
their prospects for growth.
Theme 5: Multilingualism helps in enhancing capabilities of children
Multilingualism helps in enhancing capabilities of
children Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Strongly agree 5 20% 20.00%
Agree 10 40% 60.00%
Neutral 7 28% 88.00%
Disagree 1 4% 92.00%
Strongly disagree 2 8% 100.00%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
20%
40%
28%
4%
8%
Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding whether
Multilingualism helps in enhancing capabilities of children or not. 5 respondents strongly agree

with the view, 10 parents agrees with the statement. In contrast to this 7 respondents are neutral
to the view which implies that they either agrees nor disagrees with the statement. On the other
hand 1 respondent disagrees with the statement that Multilingualism helps in enhancing
capabilities of children. Further 2 parents strongly disagrees with the statement.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents believes that
Multilingualism helps in enhancing capabilities of children. This is because they believes that
through this the grasping ability the children is developed. Thus they are able to increase their
ability in carrying out several things that ensures their development to a greater extent.
Theme 6: Child do not feel pressurised due to learning pressure of multilingual aspect
Does your child felt pressurised due to learning
pressure of multilingual aspect? Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Yes 3 12% 12.00%
No 22 88% 100.00%

12%
88%
Yes
No
Findings: On asking the parents of multilingual children regarding whether child felt pressurised
due to learning pressure of multilingual aspect. Out of 25 parents 22 respondents replied no to
the view. On the other hand 3 parents responded yes to the statement.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents feels that children are
not pressurized of multilingual aspect. This is due to the reason that they learn this from birth and
also from the people who are around them. This acts as an aid in development of the child in an
effective manner. It is being felt by the parents that with the assistance of such development can
be bought with child in an effective manner.
Theme 7:Video and audio tools help a child in developing external bilingualism
What strategies according to you can
help a child in developing external
bilingualism
Very high High Average Low Very low

Developing child's interest 6 5 12 2 1
Reading or writing in different language 2 4 7 9 3
Motivating child through rewards 2 8 5 6 4
External influence 4 12 5 3 1
Video and audio tools 7 10 5 1 2
Developing child's interest
Reading or writing in different language
Motivating child through rewards
External influence
Video and audio tools
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Very high
High
Average
Low
Very low
Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding strategies that can
help a child in developing external bilingualism several factors have been analysed in terms of
their impact in developing external bilingualism within a child.
Analysis: By making evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that development of interest among the children has
moderate impact in development of external bilingualism. On the other hand it is being assessed

that reading and writing in several languages has not much impact in assisting a child in
developing external bilingualism. Another factor is motivation of the children by the means of
reward. This has also moderate impact. Further external influences that implies hiring tutors is
effective means through which the children can learn. This is because it assist in developing a
schedule for them that assist them in enhancing their learning to a greater extent. Video and
audio tool is regarded as most effective tool.
Theme 8 Child's skills enhances his/her language learning capabilities
Do you Child's skills enhances his/her language
learning capabilities Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Yes 18 72% 72.00%
No 3 12% 84.00%
Not sure 4 16% 100.00%
Yes
No
Not sure
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Findings: On asking the parents of multilingual children regarding whether Child's skills
enhances his/her language learning capabilities or not. Out of 25 parents 18 respondents replied
yes to the view. On the other hand 3 parents responded no to the statement. Further 4 participants
replied that they are not sure about the statement.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents feels that child skills
enhances his/ her language learning capabilities. This is because such is effective in increasing
the ability of the individual to grasp in an effective manner.
Theme 9 Moderate impact of education and schools on bilingualism
What is the impact of education and schools on
bilingualism Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Very high 4 16% 16.00%
High 7 28% 44.00%
Average 11 44% 88.00%
Low 2 8% 96.00%
Very low 1 4% 100.00%

Very high High Average Low Very low
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
16%
28%
44%
8%
4%
Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding the impact of
education and schools on bilingualism. 4 respondents believes that it is very high, 10 parents
says it is high. In contrast to this 11 respondents feels that the impact of education and schools on
bilingualism is average. On the other hand 2 respondent believes that it is low. Further 1 parents
says that it is very low.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents feels that there is
moderate impact of education and schools on bilingualism. This is because through schools the
children might or might not learn different languages. It is due to the reason that for children
home can be major place through which they can learn. Also there is not much probability that
all the children within the school are able to become bilingualism.
Theme 10 Bilingualism/multilingualism is beneficial for child
Bilingualism/multilingualism is beneficial for child Frequency Percentage Cumulative
Strongly agree 8 32% 32.00%

Agree 13 52% 84.00%
Neutral 1 4% 88.00%
Disagree 2 8% 96.00%
Strongly disagree 1 4% 100.00%
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
32%
52%
4%
8%
4%
Findings: When the parents of multilingual children were asked regarding whether
Multilingualism is beneficial for child. 8 respondents strongly agree with the view, 13 parents
agrees with the statement. In contrast to this 1 respondents are neutral to the view which implies
that they either agrees nor disagrees with the statement. On the other hand 2 respondent disagrees
with the statement that Multilingualism is beneficial for child. Further 1 parents strongly
disagrees with the statement.
Analysis: By carrying out evaluation of the responses gained through survey of parents of
multilingual children it has been gained that majority of the respondents feels that

Multilingualism is beneficial for child. This is because with the assistance of this they are able to
attain greater knowledge that can assist in their future development and growth to a greater
extent.
Interview results for practitioners
Bilingualism effects practitioners widely
The practitioners revealed the fact by revealing that there were 12 languages spoken
which are French, Arabic, Moroccan, Tigrinia, English, Croatian, Italian, Polish, Spanish, Ebo,
Somalian and Turkish. 7500 of children were born in the UK, among which 28% were from
migrants parents, 36% are refugee and 32% moved due to work relocation. A practitioner
admitted that it was daunting to have a variety of languages spoken in the classroom and
revealed that she there are 16 different languages spoken in her class and she speaks only
English. A minority of practitioners said that they are monolingual but they are taking effective
aid in teaching and guiding the bilingual students by taking effective aid from bilingual
practitioners and other aids such as books and internet. A practitioner said that they have to break
the class into group accordance to language preference and each group is managed by different
teacher to provide more support and to reassure children. The research also revealed that
heterogeneity in the language was a challenging task for the practitioners who were monolingual
because challenges regarding developing communication with parents and making them
understand about the language issue faced by children was difficult. Hence, it was analysed that
bilingualism effects the practitioners widely to generate well defined results for the businesses.
Cultural and family factors affect bilingualism within children widely
The results attained in the study revealed that majority of children were exposed to the
language since birth. It was analysed that the stated issue had significant consequences on

learning and language abilities of the children. The practitioners evaluated that simultaneous
bilinguals as they are natural bilingual since birth as they were brought up from birth with two
languages. They revealed that bilingualism in children is most commonly adopted because there
speak their mother tongue and mix the languages while the growing up phase of the child.
Cultural aspects also have a significant impact in attaining the positive and affirmative results for
the study. It was evaluated that practitioners believes that the impact of formal schooling is very
low on the children which was clearly reflected through child's behaviour in the schools and
educational institutions. One of the practitioners also stated that the impact of bilingualism
within children affects the bonding and development phase within them. Another practitioner
stated that continuous and direct influence of children to the basic language factors affects their
choice and fluency of first language. The impact of the same is analysed in choices and
confidence level of the children. Hence, the overall analysis revealed that Cultural and family
factors affect bilingualism within children widely.
Multilingual children were found to learn early and effectively within family and school
settings
The practitioner under this theme were asked the impact of multilingualism on children
and their behaviour. Majority of the practitioners said the children with multiple language
efficiency were found to grasp effectively and early as compared to monolingual children. This
was stated with the fact that the learning capabilities of the children have a significant and well
defined impact on learning capabilities and skills in the society. It was also analysed that children
with multilingual issues are facing significant issue within the economy in order to deal with the
language issues. It was evaluated by the practitioner that children with multilingual abilities
attained fluency in the home spoken language at a very early age. In addition to this it was also

evaluated that the growth and development issues of the children created a significant impact on
the learning abilities of the children. Majority of the practitioners revealed that children with
multiple language efficiency were able to learn and reflect effectively in a significant manner.
This helped in creating a well defined impact on evaluating the grasping abilities of the children.
Thus, the overall evaluation revealed that multilingual children were found to learn early and
effectively within family and school settings.
Repetitive fun techniques can help a child in developing his/her multiple language skills
The evaluation of the study reveals that children have different kind of needs depending
on their stage of language development, and according to their individual and idiosyncratic
personal characteristics and needs. Practitioner confirms that if their needs are taken into
consideration children learn and engage better and this is confirmed by a parent who stipulates
that her child is very talkative and enthusiastic and that he spoke all the time and want the
practitioner to not refrain him, another parents said that because her child is in the final phase of
potty training she struggles with the practitioner as her child is always wet and she thinks it is
because the practitioner does not pa attention to the child needs. Practitioners affirmed that
children are observed and there is a confidential record of their needs, such as if a child has
allergies, need more emotional input, reassurance and other needs. Practitioners used a wide
range of strategies to develop and extend children bilingualism. The study revealed that practices
related to talking, reading stories, listening to songs rhymes, visual images, educating about
culture (food, clothes), playing, bilingual books and finally shopping. However, practitioner
argued that they use lots of repetitions, gestures and facial expression to overcome their
monolingualism. Moreover, the study also revealed that a continuous practice of language
learning process at home by using motivational measures by parents were also stated to be highly

useful as per the responses attained. Hence it can be concluded that repetitive fun techniques can
help a child in developing his/her multiple language skills.
Bilingualism/multilingualism helps in enhancing confidence and learning capabilities within
children
On being asked about the benefits of multilingualism within children the practitioners
stated that it enhances attention, higher cognitive abilities and enhance the child working
memory. One practitioner evaluated the potential benefits of’ multilingualism or bilingualism
parents and practitioners acknowledged from their experience helps in rising children confidence
and self- esteem and improve their social skills. It also motivates them for learning more and
allow them to express themselves comfortably. One practitioner revealed that these children have
wider sense of the world, culture and themselves, put them at a social advantage, have a better
attention. They are highly adaptable and possess problem solving skills effectively. It was also
evaluated that the growth and development of the children is effectively dependent on the stated
measure of creating a significant impact on learning power and expressing them within the
group. However, it was significantly argued by the practitioners that the stated benefits has
significant impact of personal factors and issues within the economy which crates an indefinite
impact on child's mental efficiency.

CONCLUION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
This section of the study deals with analysing the overall research evaluation and results
to provide a detailed and well defined information about the associated subject and issues related
with the same. The study focused on analysing different ways of how parents and practitioners
can effectively support multilingual children. The findings of the research revealed that it was
effective for the evaluating the development aspects of language issues within kids. Analysing
parent's and practitioner's overview created a significant and well developed growth measures
within the economy. The conclusion aspect of the study will reflect the overall research findings
and analysis of the same to create a significant understanding about the aspect. The
recommendation aspect of the study will evaluate the effective measures which may help in
enhancing learning aspect within children.
Conclusion
The key findings of the study revealed that parent involvement and a constructive mutual
collaboration with practitioners is crucial to support children bilingualism. It was also analysed
that there are positive academic outcomes stemming from parent involvement ranging from
benefits in early childhood to adolescence. The study stated that parents and siblings play an
important role in their children language acquisition and support and that practitioner should
support parents in increasing contact, communication and be more approachable however parents
should try to be reachable to the kids in order to provide them effective guidance and learning
platform in their growing level.
The overall study developed an in-depth and well defined analysis of educational and
learning aspects of children. The evaluation revealed that the growth and development aspect of

the children has a significant impact on their learning capabilities. As per the analysis the mental
capabilities and learning power of the children as well. The evaluation of the techniques
evaluated that the learning capabilities of the employees has a significant and well defined
impact on the children growth and development capabilities. Study revealed the fact that
Language is the main tool that promotes thinking, develops reasoning, and supports cultural
activities like reading and writing. Thus, it can be comprehended that bilingualism enhances the
cognitive development positively in children. This aspect was focused by the researcher to create
an in-depth and significant understanding about the associated subject for the study.
The findings of the study reflected that children has an effective tool in enhancing the
growth and developed aspects within the economy by enhancing well defined learning process
within an organisation. The study revealed that bilingualism is a well defined tool for learning
and developing mental efficiency. The stated factor has helped in enhancing communication
process of the children. It was also reflected in the study that different strategies are adopted by
practitioner and parents to develop the external bilingualism within children. Along with, it was
determined that different techniques are adopted by the organisations to create a significant
impact on learning and development process of the kids which helps them in enhancing their
current level of skills and capabilities.
Recommendations
This aspect of the research reveals effective measures which can help parents and
practitioners in enhancing the development aspects of children. This aspect will help the
researcher in evaluating the crucial social aspect for growth and development within the
economy. Also, effective measures to develop the same will also be suggested in the study.
The above study reflects that multilingualism has a positive and well defined impact on
child development aspect. Different measures can be adopted at different levels in order to

enhance the development aspects of the mentioned topic. As per the study parents and
practitioners should undertake effective measures to develop effective strategies to resolve
language issues within children. Parents should arrange visits at practitioner home visits or
meeting at their convenient time to understand the issues and development aspect of the children.
Practitioners evaluated that a positive welcoming school climate, and consistent invitations to
parents with ways to become involved in their children education at home and school, positively
predisposes their children social and emotional learning. Moreover, parents and practitioners
should consistently continue their activity and using as much techniques as possible even though
they notice that the child does not engage or makes repetitive mistakes as discussed above they
learn silently. In addition to this parents support and understating is also a significant factor in
creating positive imp[act on child's language aspects. The study evaluated that in the competitive
aspect the language aspects is significant to approach the global aspects of the economy. The
same is to attained and achieved in a positive manner by the parents and practitioners.

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APPENDIX
Questionnaire for parents
Demographic attributes
Name:
Occupation:
Specific questions
How many children do you have?
1
2
3
More than three
Are all your children bilingual/Multilingual?
Yes
No
What according to you are the factors which contributed in developing bilingualism in
your child?
Interest of the child
Language spoken at home
Friends influence
Lessons provided
External influence
Do you think bilingualism/multilingualism has helped your child in leaning better and
faster
Yes
No
Not sure

Multilingualism helps in enhancing capabilities of children
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Does your child felt pressurised due to learning pressure of multilingual aspect?
Yes
No
What strategies according to you can help a child in developing external bilingualism
Very
high
High Average Low Very low
Developing child's interest
Reading or writing in different language
Motivating child through rewards
External influence
Video and audio tools
Do you Child's skills enhances his/her language learning capabilities
Yes
No
Not sure
What is the impact of education and schools on bilingualism
Very high
High
Average
Low

Very low
Bilingualism/multilingualism is beneficial for child
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Interview questions for practitioners
Does bilingualism affect your practice or working pattern?
What factors helps in developing bilingualism within children?
What is the impact of bilingualism in children?
What techniques can help a child in developing his/her multilingual skills?
What are the benefits of bilingualism/multilingualism within children?