The Impact of Leadership on Organizations

This assignment delves into the crucial role leadership plays in achieving continuous competitiveness within organizations. It examines different leadership theories, such as the 'Great Man Theory,' highlighting traits like intelligence and foresight that contribute to effective leadership. The document emphasizes the importance of communication, strategic thinking, and addressing organizational weaknesses for success. It also explores how leaders motivate employees through goal setting and rewards to foster a culture of continuous improvement.

To Analyse The Role Of
Leadership In Attaining
Continuous Competitiveness: A
case Study of Ritz Carlton

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................3
1.1 Background of study.........................................................................................................3
1.2 Problem statement............................................................................................................3
1.3 Aims and Objectives.........................................................................................................4
1.4 Research questions...........................................................................................................4
1.6 Structure of dissertation....................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................6
2.1 Different Leadership Styles..............................................................................................6
2.2 Continuous competitiveness.............................................................................................9
2.3 Leadership style impact the competitive position in market..........................................11
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................14
3.1 Research approach..........................................................................................................14
3.2 Research philosophy.......................................................................................................14
3.3 Data collection................................................................................................................15
3.4 Research design..............................................................................................................15
3.5 Data analysis...................................................................................................................16
3.6 Ethical considerations.....................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................18
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................24
5.1 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................24
5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................25
Reflection.......................................................................................................................................26
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1
Appendix..........................................................................................................................................3

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Role of leadership....................................................................................................10
Illustration 2: Role of leadership......................................................................................................3
Illustration 3: bar Graph...................................................................................................................4
Illustration 4: Column chart.............................................................................................................4

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Leadership plays a highly critical and vital role in determining the manner in which
organisation is operating and performing. With effective leadership styles management is able to
direct its employees to work on desired path and accomplish aims and objectives of the company
(Khan and Anjum, 2013.). Various trends prevailing in the market are diversifying and changing
with every passing day, in addition to the advancements in the technological field. This has
imposed an additional pressure on the businesses to maintain continuous competitiveness and
stay prepared for adaptation of all these changes. This process is eventually facilitated by the
managers or leaders of the organisations.
Continuous competitiveness refers to the ability of a business enterprise to be able to
deliver services or products which are able to meet the standards prevailing in the market.
Moreover, it is also required that the prices at which these products are being made available in
the market are competitive enough for extracting profits and gaining a competitive edge in the
market (Năstase and Barbu, 2011). One of the most important considerations in this process is
that the business is required to maintain this policy on a continual basis, and this can be
accomplished only if the performance of the employees and the overall business is consistently
improving.
The basic premise on the basis of which any organisation functions is the performance of
employees, which can be shaped and directed in an appropriate manner only by the respective
leaders. It is the responsibility of the leaders to ensure that the employee is appraised with the
objectives of business and is operating with an integrated as well as strategic approach (Hitt,
Ireland and Hoskisson, 2012). When leaders play their roles effectively, then it enables
employees to make sue of their full potential and this improve their performance on a continuous
basis. Hence, in this manner it can be assured by the leaders that a standard quality work is being
delivered on a continuous basis and innovative ideas are being encouraged on a continuous basis.
1.2 Problem statement
Here, in the present dissertation it analyses the main problem related to adopting the
effective leadership style and thus attain continuous competitiveness within firm. Therefore, it is
significant task for leaders to adopt effective leadership style as it results in improving

competitiveness so that overall objectives could be attained. As leaders play a crucial role within
business and therefore, it results in focusing upon selecting appropriate leadership style and thus
results in achieving competitiveness within firm in market (Phipps, 2012). Thus, identifying the
leadership role results in improving competitiveness and raise creativity within organisation so
that performance of firm could be improved. Main problem faced within organisation is related
to leadership and thus results in attaining competitiveness so that organisational goals could be
attained. Hence, selecting significant leadership style results in identifying the main issue and
thus overcome the same in relation to improve effectiveness and efficiency so that appropriate
outcomes could be attained.
Furtherance, the main issue related to identifying the leadership role in attaining
continuous competitiveness because currently businesses are facing effective issues related to
adopting effective leadership so that success could be attained. However, it is significant for firm
to identify the competitiveness within business and therefore it needs to bring positive results so
that leadership could be attained. Thus, it helps in playing significant role in relation to adopt
effective leadership style so that competitive edge within business could be achieved. In regard
to analyse the role of leadership in attaining continuous competitiveness (Shafie, Baghersalimi
and Barghi, 2013).
1.3 Aims and Objectives
The basic aim of this dissertation is to analyse the role of leadership in attaining
competitiveness: A case study of Ritz-Carlton. For effective realisation of the ascertained aim,
the following research objectives have been developed:
 To study Characteristics of different leadership styles
 To ascertain the factors which affect continuous competitiveness.
 To analyse the role of leadership in continuous competitiveness in the context of Ritz
Carlton.
 To recommend ways in which continuous competitiveness can be enhanced through
leadership in Ritz Carlton.
1.4 Research questions
 What is the role of distinct leadership styles in the acquisition of continuous
competitiveness?
 What are the factors which affect continuous competitiveness?

 What is the role of leadership in continuous competitiveness in the context of Ritz
Carlton?
1.6 Structure of dissertation
Following is the structure of dissertation which are discussed underneath-
 Chapter 1 Introduction- It is the first chapter that involves the background and problem
statement being identified while carrying out the research. Therefore, it helps in
identifying the role of leadership in regard to attain continuous improvement within
business. Thus, it is crucial for firm to improve its business performance and thus attain
desired results.
 Chapter 2 Literature Review- It is another chapter in which researcher carries out in-
depth study so that role of leadership could be identified in terms of attaining continuous
improvement and thus raise the profitability of firm in market. Further, it also helps in
preparing conceptual framework so that investigator could discuss upon different
objectives and thus build appropriate research to attain the best outcomes.
 Chapter 3 Research Methodology- It involves different tools and techniques so that
research could be accomplished in appropriate manner. Further, scholar aims to evaluate
the selected topic and thus identify the sources from where data could be collected and
also evaluate the number of respondents from whom responses could be collected.
 Chapter 4 Data Analysis- It is another crucial chapter that helps in evaluating the
collected data so that it could be analysed by using effective qualitative and quantitative
methods and thus use questionnaire in order to evaluate the respondent’s views.
 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation- It is the last chapter which helps in
evaluating the outcomes of the research and thus assess that role of leadership helps in
improving business performance so that continuous competitiveness could be improved.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Different Leadership Styles
Leadership is an approach which is pursued, for leading a group of people or a company.
Moreover, it is the ability to enable others to attain the ascertained goals and objectives of the
organisation. It is generally followed by a manager or a leader, occupying a higher position in the
hierarchy. In order to determine the appropriate style which shall be adopted to lead a number of
people, it is essential to ascertain the needs and requirements of the set of organisational culture.
Schein (2010) has opined that there are some managers who consider involvement of other
employees in the decision making process as intervention and do not encourage the same. On the
other hand, there are leaders who prefer to distribute the work among the concerned employees
and function in accordance to the desire of larger mass. Thus, there exists a distinction between
the style of leadership which shall be adopted in different circumstances.
Autocratic leadership style
The first instance is the application of Autocratic Leadership, where all the decisions are centred
on the manner in which the leader functions. The ultimate authority of all the functions and
decisions is held by the leader, who just communicates the final decision to the employees and
expects an instant implementation. This style of leadership is devoid of any form of flexibility
and thus, activities of all the employees is governed by strict guidelines and policies. The most
suitable environment for this form of leadership is where the entity is required to undertake
important and critical decisions. In situations where the business has employed candidates who
are not expert in their field of work, management imposes this form of leadership style to avoid
occurrence of any form of error. With the assistance of this leadership style the business can
eliminate occurrence of any form of error or risks. On the other hand, it is opined by Năstase
(2010) that autocratic style of leadership primarily operates to demotivate the employees and
thereby impacting the manner in which the employees perform. In consequence a direct impact is
made on the overall productivity of the business as well as the position of the company in
market.
Democratic leadership style
Carter and Greer (2013) have stated that democratic style of leadership is one of the best
approaches to manage the employees in the most effective manner. The subordinates operating in

this style of leadership shall be entitled to put forward their opinion and suggestion in relation to
any of the decisions which is required to be undertaken by the management. It can be stated that
though, the final responsibility of decision making is in the hands of leader or manager,
delegation of work as well as decision making can be witnessed in this form of leadership. Thus,
a significant emphasis is laid on the contributions made by the subordinate employees.
Moreover, the communication system established in such forms of business enterprises is active
in both the directions. However, it has been contrasted by Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland
(2013) that though this is one of the most preferred leadership style by the employees it may not
prove to be beneficial for all the companies. There are instances where in this form of leadership
style has led to eruption of confusion or complexities in general operations. Not every business
unit comprises employees capable of taking decisions on their own.
Another leadership style which could be adopted by the managers could be in the form
of Laissez Faire Leadership or Delegative Leadership, wherein the leaders follow an approach
where all the team members have the liberty to make their own decisions. Only the requisite
tools and resources are made available by the manager or leaders. However, the style is often
criticised for producing lowest productivity amongst the team members. Unlike the
characteristics of other theories, the Transformational Leadership style focuses upon bringing
about a change in the entire organization, oneself, groups and other concerned persons. These
leaders tend to persuade the followers to invest additional efforts, in order to produce results
which are better than one had intended. Challenging targets and expectations are set for attaining
performance which is higher than the normal. Schein (2010) on the other hand has highlighted
the importance of Cross Cultural Leadership, which encourages existence of personnel from
different backgrounds and thus embraces diversity in an efficient manner. However, this
approach has been criticized for evidencing an increased number of conflicts.
As compared to the findings of Schein (2010), the study conducted by Selznick (2011)
indicates that Strategic Leadership Style is the most successful approaches, which has reaped
high benefits for a diversified set of business enterprises. This form of leadership influences the
employees or subordinates to voluntarily undertake such decisions which are completely in
favour of the objectives and goals of the entire organisation. Thus, the employees themselves are
induced to adopt an approach of assuring financial and operational viability of every decision
they have been entitled to undertake. The employees and managers of such entities develop a

healthy relation, where the employees are always motivated to explore the best of their
potentials. Moreover, the managers/leaders have the tendency to develop a shared vision, to be
pursued by the employees. In furtherance to the same it has been opined that implementation of
effective strategies under this approach shall enable entities to enhance the performance to the
employees at a micro level as well as the productivity of the overall company at a macro level.
The employees of these companies may develop their own unique methodology for
accomplishment of the goals and targets, thereby further enhancing their productivity. It has been
stated that strategic leadership style also enables business enterprises to be prepared to face
turbulent as well as unpredictable situations in an effective manner. In consequence to the same,
such business entities can attain competitive advantage in the most effective manner. Moreover,
this advantageous position of the company shall further enables them to maintain
competitiveness throughout their operations in market. In contrast to the views of Selznick
(2011), this approach has been criticised by Spillane (2012) on the basis of fact that this
approach may not always be reliable as employees may not be able to always understand the true
nature of the shared vision and thus, pursue it in wrong way. Therefore, it is essential to subject
all the operations of employees under strict scrutiny even if given the liberty to undertake
decisions. As per accordance to the Selznick (2011) leadership is known as the focus of group
process, as an way influence employee to work hard in order to attainment of the goals. Further
all manager do not have quality to become leader. On the other hand according to Năstase
(2010), Leadership is an interaction betwixt two or more people of a group who are involved in
structuring and restructuring of the situation and expectation of the members. Further it state that
all manager can become leaders.

2.2 Continuous competitiveness
Hartnell, Kinicki and Doyle Corner, (2016) states that competitiveness is one of the key
elements which ensure success of industries or individual corporate. It is also defined as a set of
policies, institutions and factors which ascertain the productivity levels of a company. With the
assistance of such policies organisations are enabled to acquire an increased market share,
enhanced profitability and stability in the long run. As compared to this, Herrmann and Felfe,
(2014) have suggested that growth of any business is assisted by competitive strategies which
further enable them to attain an advantageous position in the market. It is important to note that
competitive strategies and policies are vital for survival of an enterprise, however, long term
success can be attained only on the basis of continuous competitiveness. Sutrisna, and Setiawan,
(2016) have also supported the views of Herrmann and Felfe, (2014). According to them, in the
present world of fierce competition and a dynamic environment it is highly crucial for companies
to create and sustain performance which is superior to other entities existing in the market. The
strength of competitive policies and strategies is highly dependent on the manner in which the
entity conducts itself and the nature of external environment in which it is operating. As
compared to this Ardrey, Desmond and Mortimer, (2016) found that with value chain approach,
Illustration 1: Role of leadership

the organizations can foster continuous competitiveness. This is because it will help in focusing
on the primary as well as secondary activities of the organization. With the help of value chain,
the business will be able to determine the ‘value’ that its business processes have for the
customers. This in turn helps in creation of continuous competitiveness.
Factors that continuously enhances the level of competitiveness
In contrast to Ardrey, Desmond and Mortimer, (2016), Porter, Hampshire and Mashiri,
(2017) have asserted that there are some of the external factors which impact the manner in
which the company is performing and the extent to which it is able to successfully implement its
strategies. These include legal framework, economic condition, social factors etc. Caillaud, Rose
and Goepp, (2016) also found that some factors have a negative impact on the competitive
position of the company are inconsistency in the approach or strategies being formulated for
operating in the market. Moreover, it has also been witnessed that entities which are not able to
cope with the changing market conditions or technological advancements often are not able to
maintain a position of continuous competitiveness.
In contrast to Caillaud, Rose and Goepp, (2016), it is observed by LePine, Zhang and
Rich, (2016) that the external factors to an organisation are barriers in the way of attaining
competitive advantage. As inappropriate or unfavourable government policies may hamper the
manner in which the operations are being carried out. Moreover, anti-competitive policies and
behaviour of an organisation is another common trend in the market which has the capacity to
impact the performance of a company. While continuous competitiveness may be achieved by
making simple amendments in the daily functions, a significant impact shall be made by
moulding the operational and functional policies. Thus, it is important to consider the fact that
there exists a strong connection between the strategies of a company and attainment of
competitive advantage in the market. In consequence to the same, it is highly imperative for
management of an organisation to understand the extent to which their strategies have a bearing
on competitiveness of their entity. One of the fundamental elements which shall be adopted for
achievement of competitive position in the market is uniqueness of product as well as strategies.
Moreover, in order to attain a continuous competitive position there arises a need to frequently
update the strategies and policies. The market in the present world has become highly dynamic
and unstable, this is a result of increasing number of options available for the customers. Thus,
there is a frequent shift in the trends and preferences of the end users, thereby creating a scope

for organisations to quickly amend their policies. Furthermore, competitive advantage can be
attained only in the event the value creation strategies of an entity is not being pursued by the
competitors. It can be inferred from this that the essence of competitiveness is operating in a
manner which is distinct from the operations of rival entities existing in the market. One of the
significant aspects which indicate attainment of competitive advantage is the level of
performance of an organisation.
2.3 Leadership style impact the competitive position in market
Different style of leadership
According to the Shafie, Baghersalimi and Barghi, (2013) Leadership style and
competitive position are two different variables. Leadership role is to guide and give direction to
its employees in order to achieve aims and objectives. The organisation develops day by day and
technology advancement is putting highly effect on business creativeness and improvements.
The further leader is in charge of the subordinated or a group of company. Leadership gives full
efforts in gaining the competitive advantage of an organisation. Further, there are many
companies who always try to beat their competitor for gaining the first position in the market.
For becoming a market leader it is necessary to have good leadership within an organisation
which helps in achieving aims and objectives in an effective manner. Leaders play a significant
role within the organisation, it positively inspires organisational creativeness and invention so
that company can stand in an atmosphere which was favourable for them in order to gain
competitive advantage. There is a different type of leadership style which has great impact on an
organisation performance which leads to enhancing the competitive position. Mahdi, Mohd and
Almsafir, (2014) explained that in democratic leadership style leader focuses on engaging its
employee for gaining competitive advantage. They involved team member in the decision-
making process which help the organisation in getting innovative ideas for accomplishing the
work in an effective manner. Further, it also motivates them to work hard which lead improve
the performance of an organisation. Furthermore, the topmost leadership of the business help in
identifying the creativeness in themselves and help in bringing new improvement. They deliver
the desirable encounter and provide chances to employees in the business to be innovative.
Leadership style that influences the contending position of the market
Herrmann and Felfe, (2014) with a similar perspective have stated that democratic
leadership style is very effective in order to motivate employees and to encourage them for

accomplish the goal. It is so because employees are involved in decision making process which
make them feel valuable and encourage them to work hard.
Therefore, the leader encourages other employees in the business to come up with their
ability from end to end making a joint visual image of the variety of business they must
construct. Leaders also motivate it teams worker with purpose and a better ability of operations.
García-Morales, Jiménez-Barrionuevo and Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez (2012) state that Charismatic
leadership can easily execute deserving achievement such as go around poorly organisation and
manage all its works. It can motivate others by establishing self-confidence in supporters skill for
accomplishing the high ideals.
The charismatic leadership style is same as a democratic leadership style. They both
work to guide their employee in their work which helps in improving their performances which
have a great impact on competitive position in markets. In this style leader motivates its
employee by appreciating them for their work, it gives ideas for accomplishing the work in easy
ways. This all benefit the organisation in achieving an organisation goal and objective on time
which helps in succeed high position in the market. For getting a competitive position in market
leader must be sympathetic and it pays attention in knowing the willpower of human resources.
An organisation needs to adopt a right type of leadership style so that it can not face any issues in
accomplishing success. For example, directive leader focused on the task. They set time and give
proper guidance to achieve the task. Clear instruction is given and expectations are set from
employees by a leader. On the other hand, participative leader gives employees a voice in
decision and rarely want their opinion. The further suggestion given by employee are used and
show them that they have value in the workplace. Along with this participative leader give
authority to its subordinate who have good knowledge and skill for accomplishing the goal. This
style of leadership help organisation to overcome with the effective result which help company
to gain competitive advantage.
Almsafir, (2014) argued that democratic leadership style adopted by participative leaders
is often less effective in nature as compared to autocratic employees should not be involve in
decision making process, as they are not much capable to make any decisions. Further it state
that autocratic leadership style is effective in respect to guide and direct employees for working
hard.

According to the Herrmann and Felfe, (2014) achievement oriented leaders who
challenge employees and develop difficult goal for them because they expect top performance
from them and to maintain the same level of expectations for themselves. Achievement oriented
leader focuses on creating the condition where workers can reach and they lead through
inspiration. Moreover, if leader not show any creativeness for an organisation then employee
may not work hard for the organisations. Further, if organisation adopt leadership style which is
not effective for the organisation or leader not give effort in accomplish the task then company
unable to achieve target on time which leads to impact the organisation performance. Different
leadership style has different impact such as autocratic leadership style not involves its employee
in a decision-making process.
Further, their views and ideas are not accepted by Shafie, Baghersalimi and Barghi
(2013) where the leaders who demotivate the employees leads to impact the overall performance
of the organisation. This negatively impacts competitive position of an organisation in the
market. Further effective and creative leader identify the weak area of its employees and provide
them training and development facility. Along with this, they make sure that employee allocated
a task as per their skill and capabilities. They make sure that employee does not get demotivate
with their work which impacts their performance. Henceforth, Selznick (2011) with a
correspondent view have stated that if the leaders posses all these qualities in them, then it is
beneficial for the organisation in gaining competitive advantage. The company needs to adopt
leadership style who possess all quality of working and achieve the goal such as leader can
accept the changes which take place within the organisation, leader accepts challenges, motivate
an employee, take quick decision etc. This all quality a leader should possess to assist a company
in achieving organisation goal and objectives on times. Hence, it shows that leadership style has
a great impact on the performance of organisation for making competitive position in markets.
There is a different type of leadership style which have some positive and negative outcome or
organisation performance which directly impact the competitive position in the market.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is known as the process of gathering information and data for
making a decision. However, it covers different tools, techniques and process for deep
understanding the problem in order to obtain a valid outcome. The present report is based on to
analyses the role of leader in order to gain continuous competitiveness. The qualitative study is
being conducted for finding the valid outcome of collected data and information.
3.1 Research approach
The research approach is one of the important aspects of the whole study which assists in
identifying the different aspects of the present research. The research approach is classified into
two types that are deductive and inductive approach. Deductive approach interacts the content of
research from general to specific and obviate the overall scope of the investigation (Sutrisna, and
Setiawan, 2016). On the other hand, inductive approach widens to the entire project and tends to
interact the content of research from specific to general. In the present dissertation, the inductive
approach has been used by the scholar. It starts with observation and leads to constructing of
theories which are proposed at the end of the investigation process. Further, at the time of
formulating research objectives and questions this inductive approach support in not imply
disregarding theories. However, in the present report researcher selected this approach with the
aim to generate meaning from the gathered data which determine patterns and relationship for
constructing a theory.
3.2 Research philosophy
Research philosophy can be determined as a representation of the moral sense of
researcher for carrying out the research in systematic manner. There are several patterns which
are involved in research philosophy which assist scholar to reach the aims and objective of the
present study. The research philosophy is split into two type that is interpretivism and positivism.
Moreover, the positivism philosophy is based on the fundamental sense for examining the
scientific facts (Ardrey, Desmond and Mortimer, 2016). On the other hand, interpretivism
concept believes in the identification of the origin of examine fact. There are some pron and cons
of both the approaches but for the present dissertation, interpretivism is more appropriate. In the
current study, the researcher has chosen interpretivism approach. The selection of this techniques
is done because it allows researcher to act as a social actor for appreciating the different between

people. In addition, to this present research is non technical due to this reason interpretivim
approach has been used by the researcher.
3.3 Data collection
A collection of data is one of the important parts of the whole dissertation. This section
highlights the collection of valid information and data from relevant sources. For data collecting
researcher used different sources for the purpose of collecting valid and reliable data. There are
two methods for collecting data that is a primary and secondary method. In the present
dissertation, scholar has selected secondary method of data collection (Ardrey, Desmond and
Mortimer, 2016). Wherein, the secondary information has been gathered through books, journals,
and the internet. Secondary sources are useful in order to collect appropriate information for the
present research by referring to some previously carried studies. Therefore, it can be stated that
these sources are very useful for the investigator in terms of grabbing data in respect to aim and
objective of the current dissertation.
3.4 Research design
The research design is one of the major conceptual frameworks that represents the
proposed design of the research. It supports researcher in interpreting the information and data in
clear and systematic manner. There is three type of research design that is exploratory,
explanatory and descriptive. The selection of research design is done on the basis of present
research aims and objectives. Here, descriptive research designs aids to describe the
characteristics of a population which in cover in the research. On the other hand, exploratory
research design is used to identified the problem which has been not found out yet. Moreover,
explanatory research design investigates and identified the problem which inclines to extract
valid outcome in respect to aims and objectives (Porter, Hampshire and Mashiri, 2017). Further,
it assists scholar to identify the relationship between causes and effects. In these causes and
effect relationship it helps in determine the impact of one factor is assessed on another. In
present dissertation, researcher applied descriptive research design which can assist in obtaining
valid sources of information accordingly to which valid outcome is drawn. Further, it helps in
reaching the aim of the research and presents the findings regarding the factors which affecting
research design. In these regards characteristics of the population will also take into account for
the deep understanding of related to the same can be developed.

3.5 Data analysis
Data analysis is another important chapter of research which assists scholar in attaining
the aims and objectives of the current dissertation. Further, this sections covers the different tools
and techniques which are being used by a researcher in order to interpret the collected
information and data. Different tools and techniques are used by the researcher for converting the
raw material into a valid conclusion. There are two type of techniques that is qualitative and
quantitative which can be used by a scholar. Qualitative techniques are used when information is
presented in non numerical form (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp, 2016). Therefore, for conducting
the qualitative technique under this researcher used thematic perception. Besides this, Different
types of charts and Graphs are used by the researcher on the basis of conducted survey. On the
other hand, the quantitative technique is used generally when information and data are collected
in numeric form. For qualitative investigation researcher used SPSS, T- test, Z-test etc.
Therefore, at the time of selection of techniques research need to be very careful because it
impacts the overall finding of the research. For the present study researcher used qualitative
techniques as because this technique help in analysing the finding in an appropriate manner.
3.6 Ethical considerations
Ethical considerations helps in playing a crucial role in order to improve the quality of
research and use it in a proper and ethical manner. In the present research, it explores the role of
leadership in continuous improvement so that better results could be attained. Following are the
main ethical considerations that are discussed underneath-
 Security and privacy of information- At the time of conducting the research, scholar
collects appropriate data from different managers and thus obtain role of leadership in
regard to improve the business performance (Patino, Au and Vollmer, 2016). Here,
researcher should safeguard the collected information of respondents and protect the
same so that they could be protected from any biasness. Scholar should not share
personal information of respondents with other parties that could harm the individual.
 Prior approval- Also, researcher should contain prior approval from respondents before
collecting information from them. Thus, they should also contain approval from the top
management in regard to obtain responses from managers. However, in regard to avoid
any type of issues prior approval is significant task and thus it helps in improving quality
of responses collected.

 Provide citation to the work of research- Researcher should also provide citation to the
work and it should be authentic so that plagiarism could be avoided. Therefore, it helps in
carrying out plagiarism free data and thus no copy or paste research could be done. Assessment from restricted sites- While, carrying out the study, researcher faces issues
regarding restriction of sites to access information therefore, the sites which does not
allow obtaining information should not be used and thus collect information from free
access websites.
Justification of appropriate research methodology
In the present dissertation, researcher select qualitative techniques for obtaining the valid
outcome of finding. The qualitative techniques is selected because it helps in deep understanding
of research problem for reaching the aims and objectives.

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis ply crucial role in the whole dissertation which supports researcher to
obtain valid outcome and reach to the aim and objective of the present study. In the present study
researcher used qualitative techniques under which themes are prepared on the basis of which
interpretations will be done. Here questionnaire is prepared by the scholar in which different
questions are included that such as open-ended, close-ended etc. this will be very effective for
the investigator for carrying out the whole study in an organised manner which makes easy
achieving the aims and objectives. In addition to this, the questionnaire is adopted and on basis
of it, themes are prepared for each question for analysing in detail. Along with this, each theme is
based on proper evidence.
Theme 1: Different leadership styles have different impact on the competitive ability of
organisation.
Analysis and discussion: From the secondary data research it can be analysed that majority of the
responses from secondary sources had opinion that different leadership styles have different
impact on the competitive ability of the organisation. It can be analysed that different leadership
styles influence the employees differently. Also the work environment of the organisation is
impacted in different manner by use of leadership styles. Democratic style focuses on bringing
forward the views of employees as well. Similarly, autocratic style does not provide others an
opportunity to share their opinion. Therefore, the culture of the organisation is also influenced by
the leadership style to a great extent which further impacts the competitive ability of the firm. It
can be discussed that leadership styles that foster an open culture tend to promote competitive
ability of firm. They encourage the employees to extend their capabilities and bring
improvements within the business. Hence, it can be analysed that continuous competitiveness
will be significantly impacted by the type of leadership style adopted at Ritz Carlton. It is mainly
in assistance to distinct leadership styles that are being adopted by the leaders with a different
consideration of each to handle the employees by jointly managing their work. However, it has
been found that such different styles of leadership duly results in producing dissimilar outcomes
by distinctly affecting the competency of hospitality based organisations like Ritz Carlton.
Theme 2: Continuous competitiveness is important for Ritz Carlton

Analysis and discussion: From the secondary data research it can be analysed that majority of the
answers had views that continuous competitiveness is important for Hotel Ritz Carlton. It helps
the organisation to walk on the path of constant innovation that keeps it abreast with the trends
prevailing in the industry. Continuous competitiveness also inspires and encourages the hotel to
provide service of superior quality to the customers. This allows for better growth of the
organisation as well as its employees. In this way, it can be analysed that majority of the
responses have considered that continuous competitiveness is beneficial for hotel Ritz Carlton.
However, some answers did not reflect an agreed consent to it because in concord to those, there
are other aspects that an organisation requires. Hence, a firm cannot be solely dependent on
continuous competitiveness.
Theme 3: Effective leadership style lead to achieve continuous competitiveness.
Analysis and discussion: It is on scrutinizing the company records while referring to the
secondary sources of data collection where majority of managers have accepted that if Ritz
Carlton hotel have effective leader then they can easily achieve success which lead to continuous

competitiveness. Effective leader play significant role within an organisation, as they guide
employee toward their work and motivate them to work hard for accomplishing goals and
objectives on time. They came up with innovative ideas with support organisation to work more
effectively and efficiently which lead to continuous competitiveness. Effective leader encourage
its employee and never let them demotivate from their work. It manages all the changes within
an organisation in effective manner without losing any hope. It identifies what changes are
required within an organisation in order to gain continuous competitiveness. Therefore, it can be
stated that if leader is effective then it supports organisation in gaining competitive advantage on
continual basis that automatically results into continuous competitiveness. This not only
improves the brand image of the hospitality based organisations like Ritz Carlton in the market
but together escalates the scope of future enhancement with a confident workforce. As a result to
which, they continually tend to participate in various innovative tactics by together bringing
requisite change in the organisation despite of resisting to work as per the changed norms.
Theme 4: Selection of leadership style is required to be done on the basis of organisational
culture of Ritz Carlton hotel.
Analysis and discussion: It is in accordance to the carried secondary research that has clearly
represented that the firms like Ritz Carlton are required to focus on adopting leadership style as
on the basis of organisational culture this lead to support organisation as well as employee in
increasing their productivity. There are many challenges which leader face and with perfect
culture that have right value, norms and practices then it is not easy to be a leader. But the most
effective leader will achieve little if the organisational culture not allow influencing employees
to work toward the particular goal. As it can be stated that leadership cannot work or exist in
wrong culture. Also, with an analogous context to it, the secondary sources have assisted in
determining a newly proposed style known as servant leadership where it is a balanced version
of leadership to lead the team with their own mind. It is together found to result in weakening the
opposition of the employees to work as per the changed format where the workers are duly
encouraged to participate in the process of decision making to frame new set of rules.
Theme 5: Democratic leadership style is suitable for Ritz Carlton hotel

Analysis and discussion: In an autocratic leadership style employee are not involved in decision
making process and they were strictly directed for work. This may demotivate employee and
may impact company productivity. Hence, it shows that Ritz Carlton hotel required to adopt
democratic leadership style because this type of leader motivate employee to work hard for Ritz
Carlton hotel and achieve success. This leader takes suggestion form its team member which are
effective for an organisation in order to accomplish goal and objective on time and to gain
continuous competitiveness. Autocratic leader are superbly confident and make decision by their
own. Further this type of leader are less creative which not provide chance to employee for doing
something creative. On the other hand participative leadership style is also effective as compare
to other style that is democratic style. While delegative leadership style is considered as less
effective as compare to other leadership style. Therefore, it shows that democratic leadership
style is suitable for an organisation in order to gain continuous competitiveness. It is also
correspondent to aforementioned style of servant leadership that do not result in the diminution
of leadership qualities, but instead adds some more effective traits in the leaders.
Theme 6: Leadership helps in gaining continuous competitiveness by inspiring creativeness
in the organisation.

Analysis and discussion: From the carried secondary research, it can be analysed that majority of
the findings collected from the secondary facts are agreed to this statement. According to them,
leadership helps in gaining continuous competitiveness by inspiring creativeness in the
organisation. It can be analysed that if the leader allows for participation of all, it helps the
employees in bringing forward their innovative ideas. These leaders to an open culture within the
organisation that leads to creativity. This creativity enables the employees to strive to deliver
their best and make maximum contribution to the organisation. In this way, it helps the
organisation in gaining continuous competitiveness. Therefore, leadership would play an
important role at Ritz Carlton in gaining continuous competitiveness.
Theme 7: Leaders stimulate originality in the organisation and lead to continuous
competitiveness
Analysis and discussion: From the carried research that has referred to collect likely information
from secondary sources of data collection have analysed that majority of the organisational
bodies are in favour of the stimulating power of the leaders. It is where the leaders stimulate
originality within the organisation and hence result in continuous competitiveness. It can be
analyses that leaders encourage the employees to follow the vision of the organisation. This
helps the firm to stick to the element of originality which in turn leads to consistency in its
services. This consistency enables the firm to stay competitive in the market. Therefore, it can be
analysed that leadership plays an important role in continuous competitiveness at hotel Ritz
Carlton. It helps the employees to maintain the original standards of service.
Theme 8: Effective Leadership style support in improving the performance of employees at
Ritz Carlton
Analysis and discussion: A major number of results obtained from secondary data sources are
agreed with the given statement which show that leadership style is very effective in improving
employee performance which in turn leads to gain competitiveness. If leader possess good skill
and knowledge then firm can easily accomplish goal. Effective leader should possess some

quality that is good communication skill. Quick decision making skill, the best problem solving
skill etc. this lead to impact the organisational performance and support in continuous
competitiveness. Effective leader always focus on goal and never demotivate its team member
which lead to success.
Theme 9: Long term success can be achieved on the basis of continuous competitiveness
Analysis and discussion: If company lead to continuous competitiveness then it can easily
achieve success for longer time. Further it helps in making good position in market so that not
any other competitor can give tough competition to Ritz Carlton hotel. Further, it also assists
organisation in gaining competitive advantage and in making good position in market. Firm can
achieve long term success if it gains focus on continuous competitiveness. Leader set clear vision
or mission on which all employee work together for achieving mission and vision.
Theme 10: Leaders encourage employees to come up with innovative ideas for achieving
continuous competitiveness
Analysis and discussion: The above theme presented on the basis of secondary data collection
sources have indicated that leaders play a significant role within an organisation as it encourage
employees to come up with innovative ideas in order to gain continuous competitiveness.
Further, leader motivates employee by appreciating them for their best work. This encourage
employee to work with more efforts in order to gain competitiveness. Leader guide its employee
the way of working and set short term goal for them which motivate employees to work toward
the short term goal. Leaders need in organisation for look up employees. Leader plays pivotal
role by showing positive attitudes for new approaches and ideas. It removes obstacles which
come in between the goals and objectives.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
From the above report it can be concluded that different leadership style have great
impact on organisation. As leader play crucial role within an organisation which lead to impact
the overall organisational performance. As per the first objective of the study, it can be inferred
that democratic leader is very effective for an organisation as it work with team members and
involve them in decision making process. Through this organisation also get new ideas as well as
employee feel motivated toward their work. Effective leader always come up with new ideas in
order to achieve goal and always ready to face the challenges. It motivates and trained employee
to work hard in tough competition. Further, it trained employees to become self confidence and
take responsibility of their work.
In the present research main goal is to analyse the role of leaders in attaining
competitiveness. The result is found that there is strong relationship between continuous
competitiveness and leadership style. Further the purpose of this thing is that to state that
leadership is one of the key sources of continuous competitiveness. There is positive relationship
between continuous competitiveness and leadership. While, some leadership style may have
negative impact that is autocratic leadership style in which all the decision are made by leader. It
not provides any type of flexibility to its employees which lead make demotivate its employees.
From the above research it is clear that different leadership style have some negative and positive
impact on continuous competitiveness. Further it can be concluded that, there are some factor
which enable continuous competitiveness. Further competitiveness is one of the key elements
which make sure success of industries or an organisation. There are some internal and external
factors which impact the organisation performance and continuous competitiveness. Firm can
achieve simple competitiveness by making simple rules for daily function, There is great impact
if operational and functional policy are mould. Leader is effective then firm can easily impact by
its competitive ability. If there is effective leader then firm can easily achieve success because
effective leader possess different qualities which organisation need for accomplishing goals and
objectives. Selection of leadership style is done one the basis of culture of an organisation. This
support organisation in increasing the overall productivity. For Ritz Carlton organisation
democratic leadership style is very effective because according to this style employees are

motivated by their leader. Employees were involved in decision making process which assist
from in getting innovative ideas for accomplishing the goal. Leadership helps in gaining
continuous competitiveness by inspiring creativeness in the organisation. Leader inspire its team
member so that they work hard for an organisation and it involves in decision making process.
Effective leader is like a strong pillar for an organisation which accept challenges and work hard
in order to gain competitiveness.
5.2 Recommendation
Leader plays significant role within an organisation in order to achieves organisational goal and
objectives. There are different type of leader who have negative and positive impact on
productivity of organisation.
 It is recommended that Ritz Carlton hotel need to adopt democratic leadership style in
order to gain continuous competitiveness. Democratic leader involve employees in group
discussion and decision making process. This provide chance to organisation in getting
new innovate ideas for gaining long term success. Further democratic leader motivates
its employee by appreciating them on their work which impact the quality of work. The
organisation must have democratic leader who encourage team member to work hard
and motivate them by using different methods
 Ritz Carlton hotel leader should be effective who can bring change in organisation and
influence employees to accept the changes. Change management is important for
organisation and leader should accept the change and work effectively without resisting
the change. If changes are managed systematically in organisation by leader then it help
in gaining competitive advantage.
 Leader should be innovate and creative who always come up with new ideas for
accomplishing the goals. Leader should be capable who listen each employees and solve
their issues without making any discrimination. If leader make discrimination among
employees then it impacts organisation productivity as well as competitiveness
 It should encourage upward communication and create opportunities for dialogue with
lower level managers and employees. It should not demotivate its employee and
encourage them to involved in decision making process.
 Further it is recommended that leader should committed with things which matter within
the organisation. It should recognise the value of providing high quality services to

customer. Leader must know quality of its employee so that it can delegate task to its
employee according to their ability and capability.
 Effective leader support in employee development initiative and involve employees in
decision that motivate them toward the work. Through employee engagement leader can
easily gain competitive advantage and increase the chance of continuous
competitiveness. Leader must have vision and through which employees willing to work
toward the vision.
 Leaders must be capable in creating positive working environment for employees and it
should be effective in dealing with tough situation without getting demotivate. If leader
get demotivated then employee unable to perform for accomplishing the goal on time. If
leader create positive working environment and not put load of work on workers. Then
worker feel satisfied and work with full effort in order to accomplish the goal and
objective.
Critical evaluation
This is to critically measure the above conducted research work that has been carried with
a fundamental consent of analysing the role of leadership in the attainment of continuous
competitiveness. It is with a special consideration of hospitality organisations in UK with a
chosen firm named Ritz Carlton that is one of the renowned establishment operating in this
particular industrial sector. It has been together reflected to be a directional study carried by
adopting various investigatory tools to provide a guiding context to both the researcher and the
readers to easily interpret its obtained results at the end. There together exists contrary prospects
that has been identified over here to effectively conduct the survey with a primary determination
of its aims and objectives. It is where they have represented a high significance in the research
work by showing a befitting path to the investigator to attain the stipulated goals of the survey.
Furthermore, it is based upon the tact of leadership to achieve continual competence in the
market where it has in turn implied varied related roles of leadership by together assisting in the
determination of various leadership styles. It is basically defined to be a way of accomplishing
the consideration of attaining a contending position in the market with continual efforts made by
the leaders. This in turn has generated a prompt role of servant leadership where it is also evident
to play a considerable role in the gain of competitive advantage as well. It is where the term
called servant leadership is referred to be a perfect mix of a leader and a worker or servant with a

balanced outlook of managing the employees by together handling their work. The above carried
investigation has thereby assisted in acknowledging such a coherent style of leadership to lead
the workers of this contemporary business world with a modernised outlook towards the work.
At the time of working on above dissertation, I have perceived significant improvements in both
my personal and professional skills where it has spontaneously developed my learning skills as
well as my writing and researching skills, etc. Furthermore, my knowledge regarding different
styles of leadership along with the theories has together been improved to a significant level.
Herein, I came across some leading contribution of various academic scholars who come up with
such effective theories of leadership to edify us to a great level. Apart from this, I can together
envision a substantial improvement in my professional skills where I can now myself refer to
apply such identified tactics of leadership at my workplace. With the help of which, I can refer to
make effective work related strategies to achieve the targeted goals of my organisation I am
intending to join in the future. This will also make an ever lasting impression on my senior
associates and by which they can promote me to higher grades to handle higher level of
responsibilities. This entire degree program has therefore made a huge contribution in my future
attainments where I can easily refer to conduct business related researches in the organisation I
will join in the future with proper technical measures as studied by me in this research work.

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Appendix
Illustration 2: Role of leadership
Leader plays significant role within an organisation in order to gain continuous
competitiveness. Leadership is a function which is required at all the level of management, so
the proper guidance can be given to employees for achieving goal and objectives. If in
organisation leader is effective then it will use different level of communication for reaching its
customers and other stakeholders. Different way of communication whether it is verbal or
written can clearly defines organisation goal in front of employees. Further effective leader need
to think strategic and understand the way organisation work together so that it can easily respond
to changes which take place internal and external. Along with this they all know the way to
overcome the weakness of an organisation in respect to gain continuous competitiveness.
Leadership theory
The great man theory of leadership assumed that the traits of leadership are intrinsic.
According to this theory leaders are born they are not made. Further there some characteristics of
good leader that is intelligence, interpersonal skill, foresight and initiative and drive.
Further it leader possess this all the qualities then it can easily trained its employees and
contribute to achieve continuous competitiveness. Further leader set short for goals for its team
3

member and motivate to work hard by providing some rewards which lead to attain continuous
competitiveness.
4