Diverticulitis: A Detailed Review of Pathophysiology & Management

This presentation provides a detailed overview of diverticulitis, a condition characterized by the formation of bulging pouches in the digestive tract, particularly in the colon. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the colon, explaining how diverticula form and how diverticulitis develops due to inflammation of these pouches. The presentation discusses various treatment methodologies, including medication (antibiotics, pain management), dietary considerations (clear fluid diet for mild cases, NPO for severe cases), and surgical interventions. Furthermore, it addresses the needs of patients, emphasizing the importance of education, nursing support, and shared decision-making to ensure proper self-care and medication adherence. The information is supported by recent scholarly references, providing a comprehensive understanding of diverticulitis management and care.

Diverticulitis

Overview
Diverticula are minor, bulging bags that can
form in the coating of the digestive scheme.
They are establishing most frequently in the
inferior part of the big intestine (colon).
Diverticula are mutual, particularly after age
40, and rarely cause problems (Tochigi,
Kosugi, Shuto, Mori, Hirano, and Koda,
2018).

Anatomy
The colon, or big intestine, is the muscular
duct that initiates at the expiration of the
minor intestine and continues to the rectum.
The human body colon absorbs H2O from
fluid stool that is brought to it from the minor
intestine.

Cont…In consecutive readings with barium enema,
no development of illness has usually been
well-known in most patients (Flor, Soldi,
Zanchetta, Sbaraini, and Pesapane, 2016).

Physiology
Diverticulitis is well-defined as the swelling of
one or more diverticula. Pathogenesis of these
issues remains indistinct. Faecal substantial or
undigested food elements may gather in
the diverticulum, leads to obstruction. This
blockade may end in distension of
the diverticula subordinate to mucous
excretion and overdevelopment of usual colonic
microorganisms (Violi, Cambiè, Miraglia,
Barchi, Nouvenne, Capasso, Leandro, Meschi,
de'Angelis, and Di Mario, 2018).

treatment
Medication
Antibiotics
Mono-therapy
Multiple drug regimens
Pain management
Dietary and activity attentions

Mono-therapy
Mono-therapy along with beta-lactamase-
inhibiting antibiotics or carbapenems delivers
wide antibacterial attention and is suitable
for patients who are abstemiously ill and need
inpatient admittance. These antibiotics
comprise ampicillin/sulbactam,
piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem,
meropenem and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
(Sessa et al., 2016

Multiple drug regimens
Multiple drug treatments are also suitable
choices in the hospital setting and might
contain of metronidazole and a third-generation
cephalosporin or a fluoroquinolone. These
antibiotics comprise cefotaxime ceftriaxone,
ciprofloxacin, ceftolozane/tazobactam, or
levofloxacin (Rezapour, Ali, and Stollman,
2018). Beforehand, gentamicin was suggested
as share of a multidrug treatment; though this
antibiotic is still a sensible choice

Cont…
replacement with the third-generation
fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin has been
promoted to evade the threat of
aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.For patients
with compromised immune system,
meropenem or imipenem might be favoured
over ertapenem for healthier enterococcal
and pseudomonal treatment (Rezapour, Ali,
and Stollman, 2018).


Pain management
Pain controlling is also essential. Morphine is suitable for
analgesia and is favoured over meperidine remaining to
the negative effects related to meperidine. Though initial
references for pain controlling favoured meperidine
centred on a theoretical threat of upsetting bowel tenor
and sphincters, randomized potential studies linking the
narcotic choices are not available. Application of non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and
corticosteroids have been related to a larger threat of
colon damage and should be evaded whenever
probable. Surgery has been also suggested in this health
condition (Mahmoud, and Riddle, 2017).

Dietary and activity attentions
Diet
In mild incidents of diverticulitis, a clear fluid
diet is recommended. Clinical development
must occur within two to three days; then,
the daily diet can then be progressive as
accepted. In occurrences of moderate to
serious acute diverticulitis, manage nothing
by mouth, the abdominal excises are also
recommended in the case of diverticulitis
(Swanson, and Strate, 2018)

Needs of the patient
There are various things that can be required
or needed by the patient at the time of
management of the disorder. The education is
should be provided in case of this health
condition, they should be taught about the
essential diet and mediation therapy
(Pemberton, Lamony, and Grover, 2018).