Impact of Diet on Health and Weight Reduction

This report explores the impact of diet on improving health and reducing weight. It discusses the factors contributing to obesity in children and emphasizes the importance of healthy eating and exercise. The report also provides evidence-based interventions and strategies to reduce obesity in children.

Impact on health diet on improving health and reducing weight
Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: METHODS.........................................................................................................7
2.1 SEARCH STRATEGY8
2.2 DECISION ON ARTICLES 9
2.3 CRITICAL FRAMEWORK 10
2.4 MAIN THEMES 10
CHAPTER 3: CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DATA............................................................11
3.1 Measures taken to reduce risk and vulnerabilities related to obesity in children 11
3.2 Reduction of obesity through diet management and exercise 17
3.3 Evidence based intervention used by nurses to reduce risk of obesity in children 22
MAJOR CRITICS....................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION...................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.................................................................................................29
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................30
Agarawak , B. & Jain , V., 2018. , eiologu and approach. In: Obesity in children: definitions.
s.l.:s.n., pp. 463- 472................................................................................................................30
Appendix: A.............................................................................................................................35
Appendix: B.............................................................................................................................40
Appendix: C.............................................................................................................................41
Appendix: D.............................................................................................................................42
Appendix: E.............................................................................................................................43
Appendix: F..............................................................................................................................44
Appendix: G.............................................................................................................................45
Appendix: H.............................................................................................................................46
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ABSTRACT
The present report is based on providing acute care to obese patients especially young adults,
adolescents and Children. Thus, the investigation is based on providing evidence-based care
to obese children so that their health outcome can be improved.
Purpose
The main purpose of this report is to analyse factors which are contributing to obesity. It has
been analysed that major cause of obesity is unhealthy diet and personal factors that is being
followed by children.
Methods
Literature review has been conducted to defined about the approaches taken in order to
reduce obesity in children and young adults. All 8 articles are related to obesity like reasons
of obesity in children in which different authors argued and provide information about all
associated reasons of obesity.
Findings
From the 8 articles which has been reviewed, it has been found out that lack of motivation in
service users is one of the main reason because of which they are facing problem of obesity.
Conclusions
It has been concluded that it is very necessary for children to be engaged in taking high fiber
diet that diet which contains lot of fiber. They also need to engage in doing regular physical
exercise in order to overcome the problem of obesity.
Summary
It has been summarized from the report that obesity in young adults and children has been
caused because of various factors like lack of exercise, unhealthy diets, consuming high
amount of junk food, genetics and many more.
Key words
Obesity, families, public health, young adolescent and children physical exercise, diet
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Obesity is the disease which includes an excessive amount of body fat. It is a severe disease
that cause number of other problems like hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular problems.
Certain cancers are also caused if an individual is obese. There are many reasons because of
which children suffer from obesity like for instance; consuming unhealthy diet, not engaged
in doing regular exercise, genetics and many more. It has been analyzed that so many young
adults and children have difficulty in avoiding obesity. This disease is being caused to them
because of inherited problem integrated with the environment, personal diet and exercise
patterns. This disease can be overcome by dietary modifications, bringing up dietary changes
in children and motivating them to involve in physical exercise so that risk and vulnerabilities
related to this disease is reduced.
In present report focus is been laid upon how secondary and primary prevention can reduce
the burden related to child obesity (Choukem and et.al., 2017). World health organization has
provided that childhood obesity can be prevented by bringing family-based care and laying
emphasis on changing lifestyle of young people. Family based interventions are most
significant as parents have major role in shaping lifestyle patterns involving diet and physical
exercise. It has also been analyzed that parents needs to be involved in changing lifestyle of
obese children by making use of whole family approach.
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Children who are suffering from obesity must be engaged in taking pediatric care. It has been
analyzed that primary care providers are the keen players in improvising health related
outcomes of obese children (Dougkas and et.al., 2019). They have recommended that young
adults must make use of Body Mass Index growth chart so that they are able to have a
complete idea about their dietary plans and physical activities. The article selected has also
laid emphasis on that obesity has laid severe impact on health outcome on people who are
living in under-developed areas or are a part of minority population
Obesity can also lead to severe problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and
stroke, this make health outcome of children worse. So, emphasis must be laid on this so that
health outcome of children can get improved. It has also been analyzed that healthy lifestyle
changes must and changed eating patterns must be followed by children. It also needs parent
involvement (Bertapelli and et.al., 2016). Cognitive behavioral techniques which is being
followed by health care professionals can also improve health outcome of children who are
suffering from obesity. Self-control training can also be provided by E-tools so that dietary
patterns of young children can be changed. This will enhance their quality of life and make
them healthier. E-health has been proven as most time and cost-efficient technique that can
change health behavior pattern of children. It can motivate children to get engaged in healthy
diet and physical activity. They can encourage children to cut down consumption of fat and
sugary foods so that children can become fit and fine (Li and et.al., 2017). Training
healthcare professionals so that they can effectively support people who need to lose weight
and help others avoid gaining weight is crucial.
In order to cure obesity, it is necessary for health care professionals to make use of parents-
based approach. It includes involvement of family and parents in changing eating habits and
physical activities of children. This can help them in reducing risk and vulnerabilities related
to obesity in young adults and adolescents. It can make them healthier. Developing
parenting/parent’s self-efficacy is a core component of the programmer. Parents are
encouraged to lead behavior change in their families by planning, setting goals, managing
behavior and consequences, and being role models (Wu and et.al., 2017). This aspect can
assist them in reducing threats related to obesity that are pertaining in children. Family and
health care professionals must also get engaged in educating children about ill effects of
unhealthy eating patterns. As this problem can lead to several other critical factors like
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diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancers can also be caused because of
this.
Critical review will be done in report with the help of articles that has been selected. Main
themes will be based on article chosen and discussion will be done on the same. Research
question on which focus will be laid is:
 How does healthy diet can influence weight reduction in obese children?
CHAPTER 2: METHODS
This chapter has laid emphasis on methods which has been used in all the 8 articles to find
out the factors which are related to developing chances of obesity among young adults and
children. It has also laid focus on how dietary control measures and regular exercise can
improve health outcome of children (Grigorakis and et.al., 2016). Evidence based practice is
also being used in report in order to provide quality of life to young adults and children.
Report has also made use of parents-based approach which is necessary in changing out
eating activities of children. Data related to this report has been collected from several
hospitals, primary care units, families and parents of children. In some article randomized
clinical based trial was also made. It has been analyzed that it is very necessary for healthcare
professionals to motivate children to participate in regular physical exercise. Multi-
disciplinary team has also been appointed by primary care units in order to reduce the
chances of obesity in children. In most of the article survey monkey was used to record the
justification given by parents and families about prevalence of obesity. Holistic approach has
been used by pediatricians and health care professionals to enhance quality of life of young
adults who are suffering from obesity. It has also been analyzed that cognitive behavioral
therapy was used to change perception of children and motivate them to be engaged in doing
regular exercise.
Information search was mainly conducted through review of literature with the use of the
terms “factors affecting obesity” and also “practical issues identified in treating obsess
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Children”. This is to make sure that the information that has been obtained from the reliable
sources that provides information to practicing nurses.
2.1 SEARCH STRATEGY
Data bases used.
PubMed, CINAHL, Medline were being used. It is understood that the search of information
is not an easy task, where the information about some of the cases and information. The
information presented in this report mainly focuses on the recommended reading by the
specialists in the field of research and the medical field. Some of the very important and
essential readings had to be forgone due to the cost involved in obtaining those reports.
Therefore, to minimize the risk of time elapses and the cost, the information was collected
based on the recommendations as well as downloaded documents presented by some
colleagues.
It basically means the key terms which has been used during search process. Online article
has been used in order complete the project. All the articles were searched by making use of
key terms like obesity, risk factor, children and young adults. Researcher has made use of
peer reviewed article in which both qualitative and quantitative data has been used. In order
to collect more in-depth knowledge related to subject matter descriptive research has also
been used. This has helped researchers in finding out the end results (Fryar, Carroll and
Ogden, 2018). Different resources and data bases were structured in effective manner so that
report can be made successful and more information can be taken from that. In some articles
randomized clinical trial has also been used (Mead and et.al., 2016).
In order to make research more beneficial data was thoroughly evaluated and analyzed so that
better understanding can be gained, and problem related to it can be identified. Survey in the
article was done through survey and questionnaires were being filled up to have in depth
knowledge about subject matter (Camilleri and Staiano, 2019). In order to complete this
study most of the data was taken from primary sources. Research has also made use of
thematic analysis in order to have better understanding of the topic. Qualitative data was
being used in order to take data from focus groups. Data analysis in present research has also
been done with the help of SAS and descriptive strategy. This has assisted researchers in
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identifying the problems related to nursing interventions. Structured interview method has
also been used as a search strategy.
2.2 DECISION ON ARTICLES
Peer reviewed article has been selected in order to complete the present research. Selection of
article was fully based on their relevancy with subject matter. Authentic data has been taken
in account in order to make research more viable. Article which has been selected from study
are not more than 5 years old (Murugesan and et.al., 2018). All the articles were selected
from year 2015-2020. Various key terms have been used for instance, obesity, children,
paediatric care, healthy diet has been selected in order to make research more authentic.
Study has mainly taken use of qualitative study and descriptive analysis in order to reach end
results. All article was based on the topic which has been selected by researchers. Survey
monkey and structured interview process has been used to have in-depth knowledge about
subject matter. Centralized themes are being derived from the selected article to formulate
suitable conclusion. Custom range was used in order to select the article. For knowing
viability and making all information’s and data accurate thematic analysis is being used
which helped in not only making study successful but also in knowing all appropriate
information related to obesity.
2.3 CRITICAL FRAMEWORK
Present report has laid emphasis on that how changes in diet and involving in regular exercise
can improve health outcome of obese children (Robinson and et.al., 2017). It has also defined
about the responsibility of parents and families in changing the lifestyle pattern of young
adults. Also, the overall objective of this report is to analyze outcome of changes in lifestyle
for families with overweight and obese children. Evidence based PEACH interventions has
also been used by health care professionals in order to reduce risk and vulnerabilities related
to obesity. It has critically evaluated that whether lifestyle changes have positive effects on
children and adults or negative. (Kumar and Kelly, 2017).
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2.4 MAIN THEMES
Main themes that has been discussed in report is in exploring post changes in parenting and
by it reducing problem of childhood obesity (Rudolf and et.al., 2019.). Also, themes were
based on evidence-based interventions that can be provided to obese children in order to
enhance their health outcome. Research was also being done on school-based health centre
provider’s treatment to obese children.
CHAPTER 3: CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DATA
Article 1
Explore and evaluate weight management service, pre–post changes in parenting, and child-
level eating, activity and anthropometry
In the context of weight management, it can be said that parenting and eating are the main
components of interventions for families with obese children. As per the view of, Carly J.
Moores and et.al., (2018) primary and secondary preventions both play an important role in
tackling health burden of childhood obesity. The main reason why family-based interventions
play an important role to address and cure children with obesity is that they are the only one
who can shape home environment as well as lifestyle behaviours which include both diet and
their behaviours. They also said that with the help of PEACH program (parenting, eating and
activity for child health) has effectiveness as it improves morale of children and behaviours.
With the help of this and other programmes, family of overweight and obese children can get
effective outcomes and deliver a real world service. By taking an active participation in
programmes and making able to children to take part in healthy lifestyle activities can help
them out in weight management. In the context of PEACH program that it is important for
people to follow some principles for making it more effective such as: there is a requirement
for people to act as family members for improving child's health, become a role model,
become more balanced and consistent when parenting and the most important thing is to
make healthy choices. So, overall, it can be said that behaviours changes in family, making
planning, setting goals are key of the success of weight management and the best
intervention.
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As per the view of JingJing Wang and Liping Li, Children with Intellectual Disability Are
Vulnerable to Obesity and Overweight, 2018, it is stated that more than 30% are overweight
and obese in China as well as in other countries. So, they need to take effective measurement
of preventing this. Multiphase approach is being used in this regard and by making them
aware in schools about consequences of overweight, health related problems associated with
it and others children are being encouraged to eat healthy food and focus on exercise.
In addition, in the context of weight management and pre-post changes in parenting
parenting, Haslam, (2016) also stated that demographic characteristics in family members
also play an important role which includes: education, country of birth as it improves their
way of thinking. This is factors which will have providence of systems being the parts of the
universal child health as recommended by the World Health Organization. In this article,
there were the key level of challenges over the efficient level of provision in terms of
childhood obesity management programmes.
Some authors argued and said that making management programmes is not an easy task as
there is requirement of having proper knowledge, skills and support of staff. On the other
hand, lack of education, unemployment as well as unskilled occupations can have negative
impacts on the weight management and helping children with overweight and obese. In
addition, they also said that parenting self-efficacy is associated with parent’s ability as it
motivates and encourages a healthy and effective child behaviour. It is also considered one of
the main and the best pre-post program. For more knowing effectiveness of this program, it is
important for people to enquire about child behaviour relative to the parent's desire as well as
their ability to manage their child's behaviour in efficient manner.
In the context of high income or developed countries it is identified that nurses follows clear
socio-economic gradient with greater prevalence in children. As per the Isabel Lguace and
et.al., 2018 said that the actual trend associated with overweight is unknown but there are
some demographic variables have been noted which helped in identifying the extent of
obesity such as: Maternal body mass index and lifestyle. By this some criteria have been
identified which helped in taking effective measurements such as: children with obesity are
those whose parents were migrants, whose parents do not have effective social network,
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children who do not live with their biological parents and children live with unemployed
parents. So, by making use of policies related to this and helping them out to access of
healthcare and food, obesity can be prevented.
So, it can be said that with the help of effective programmes like parenting self-efficacy and
PEACH, they can get pre-determined goals and outcomes which is child anthropometrics and
child diet. For more supporting this it is also being said that child physical activity and
screen-based sedentary behaviour which includes watching television, using internet, playing
games somehow affect their outcomes in both positive and in negative manner. There should
be a specific time to be given to children for performing both physical activities and
sedentary activities. It can make a positive change.
Findings or results: In this article it is find out that results or findings were as similar with
respect to age, as most of the children with overweight with paired data were mainly younger,
but there was a huge difference in gender of children.
Article 2
Enrol families with overweight children into a program aimed at reducing childhood obesity
with and without a weight criterion
In the context of overweight children and their families it can be said that changing behaviour
and tackling that types of children is not an easy task. Family members have to face several
problems and difficulties in changing behaviours of their child and make them able to take
active participation in physical and other activities which can cure them. According to the
view of Emma Esdaile and et.al., (2019) by taking an active participation and enrol of
families with overweight children It can also be said that as compare to obese children,
overweight children are more likely to be enrolled weight programmes do not require and
have weight based eligibility. By more knowing about this, it can also be known that weight
criteria acts are barriers to enrol into a healthy lifestyle programmes whose main aim is to
reduce childhood obesity. PEACH program is one of the best and evidence based program. In
a primary school aged children, it is also identified and stated that prevalence of overweight
in children age between 5-17 years were almost 19% and obesity prevalence was about 7%. It
clearly shows that overweight children and their family find easy and are more likely to
participate in programmes whose aim is to decrease childhood obesity.
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Some authors argued and said that developing programs and protecting children with obesity
and overweight is not an easy task. There are several barriers occur in the path of the success.
Some barriers which occur in participation in programmes for overweight parents and
children include: perceived stigma, inability or lack of ability of parents to recognize their
children or child which are above their healthy weight, parents who do not give importance
and consider overweight as an issue. So, there is a requirement to remove weight-criteria in
order to remove all these entry barriers and improve health of obesity children and children
with overweight. Children who are overweight as compare to children with obesity take
participation in programmes as well as maximize their enrolment is the main key of success
or considered a prevention strategy. In these report, there is proper level of analysis is three
significant barriers in child obesity programme that is actually being considered as the
perceived stigma of participation in such programmes, the next is about the level of inability
of parents to have proper level of recognizance among child healthy weight. The stigma
associated with obesity may be enough for parents to avoid programs aimed at weight
management altogether. The last one is about the parents who is not havering the major level
of considerations of heavy weights to be immediate level of heaths issues.
As per the view of Chia-Liang Tsai and et.al., (2016) behaviours of children and adults with
obesity create some problems in dealing with obesity and providing them appropriate
treatments. At the time of providing treatment, ERPs of children recorded which helps in
identifying and understanding their behaviour. SO, in this context, it is stated that due to
some problems and different behaviours like frustration, anxiety children and people with
obesity respond slowly. . It directly affects in providing treatments to them. So, it can be said
that dealing with people or children with obesity is critical task.
In addition, it is also analysed that the main aim of these programmes is to make parents with
obesity children and children with overweight to guide all family members in adopting
healthy behaviours. It is also important to consider all demographic factors such as: child age,
their height, gender, weight in order to know frequency and the more chances of getting
affected with obesity and overweight (Di Cesare and et.al., 2019). For knowing all
consequences, effectiveness, impacts and factors, it is also important to know parent’s
perceptions regarding the severity of their child's height, weight at baseline.
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It is analysed and can be said that, by knowing views of parents that as they actually consider
overweight and obesity as a critical issue, serious condition, or they do not think at all. So,
overall it is analysed that PEACH programmes and taking participation of family members as
well as children with obesity and children with overweight play an important role in reducing
childhood obesity with and without a weight criterion. They can also improve children
characteristics, their behaviour and health and make them as like a normal child.
Findings or results: In this article the main result which was found and findings was children
with overweight and obesity were obese because of some factors. One of the main factor was
their ineffective lifestyle in which they do not focus on exercise, eat junk food or unhealthy
food. There is no specific time of sleeping, playing and other things.
Article 3
Examine the views of pediatric providers on conducting obesity management in the primary
care setting,
Paediatric providers play an important and key role in childhood obesity because they know
each of the factor and ability to understand behaviours of children in an efficient manner.
Their focus in not on increasing rates of obesity management, but they try to cure children
who are suffering from these problems. Some people like American academy of paediatrics
committee and expert committee said that there is a requirement for Paediatric providers use
body mass index growth charts and talking about healthy lifestyle habits at the time of health
supervision visits. The main aim of using all these things is to make family and children
aware about importance of following healthy habits and living a healthy life style. In this
context, it is reported that identification in paediatric care are low as approximate 29-30%
children with overweight are being identified only by their providers. So, it is important to
increase awareness about this. There are several factors are being analysed which create some
problems and barriers in the path of the success such as: lack of resources in clinics, low
confidence in paediatric providers to treat children, low proficiency in behavioural
management skills etc. All these barriers need to be removed in order to provide effective
services to children with obesity and overweight and improve their health.
In this context Kyung E. Rhee and et.al., (2018) said that the most important thing which
need to be changed and improved is to improve skills as well as knowledge of paediatric
providers in order to give effective counselling and at the time of engaged outpatient visit.
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Rather, skills, knowledge, it is also important to make available all required resources, time,
staff support and communication resources for reducing miscommunication and improving
communication and deliver all required and important information’s.
Some authors argued and said that only increasing behavioural management skills and
knowledge is not enough to promote health of children with obesity and overweight. As per
them the most important thing is higher intensity, multi behavioural interventions in
improving weight status. They also said that by developing weight loss programmes can help
in accomplishing goals but the main problem and limitation of these types of programmes is
getting access due to long wait lists as well as long distance. Low proficiency of providers
and difficulties in providing effective counselling in primary care structure also need to be
developed with the main aim of improving health as well as comply with national
recommendations. From the analysis, it is also identified that paediatric providers play an
important role in providing effective care to children with obesity and overweight but there
are main 4 barriers which affect their care such as: personal barriers like lack of skills,
knowledge, time, practice based system barriers like lack of resources or unavailability of
resources, lack of staff support, parent level barriers like distance cost and time, waiting list,
lack of interest and the last is environmental barriers (Raheem, Binns and Chih 2017).
There are several other ways and techniques which are helping healthcare providers in
dealing children with obesity in an effective manner. As per the Anita., J and et.al., (2017)
using multicomponent and multi-disciplinary approaches can help them out in dealing with
children or obesity management.. All these try to interact and making comfortable to children
and by doing so, they get all information’s and encourage them to follow all prescribed
things.
So, it can be said that with the help of proper training and making available all resources all
these barriers can be reduced. As per the results in terms of analysis the mixed methods, there
are clears level of revelations in terms of paediatric providers can have the proper believing
the child obesity which is considered to be an important issue which is needed to be
addresses. On the other hand, they have contradistinction that renewable to proceed the
effective level of weight management on respective to their own. The development of the
pg. 13

future efforts in more respective manner can be helpful in improving the health care
outcomes in terms of paediatric obesity which should be incorporated to have development in
comprehensive systems. This will be helpful in tasking respective advantages of different
strengthen and skills to have providence of effective behaviour which changes support and
access for families.
Findings or results: The main aim of this article was to get paediatric providers views on
conducting obesity management. So findings and results identified that children with
overweight and obesity were mainly not able to manage their disease at their own and it
creates other problems for them.
Article 4
Determine school-based health centre provider’s treatment to obese children
Overweight and obesity is considered one of the main problem for children as it is defined as
a body mass index. In the United States, it is stated that approximately 34% of children aged
group of 6-11 years old are overweight and obese. It is identified in the analysis that the
prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing as children get older. It is also found that
Hispanic children are more likely to get affected and had a higher prevalence of obesity at
almost all ages as compared to non-Hispanic and white children. As per the view of Heather
Aldrich PhD a and et.al., (2014) obesity develops many more diseases which have several
negative impacts on health of children. A body mass index which is greater than 85th
percentile and less than 95th percentile is considered overweight. The national health survey
mainly focuses on monitoring the preavalance of overweight. There are some factors has
been identified which mainly lead this problem and need to be removed include: poor diet,
underserved and ethjic monirity youth. These types of children are more likely to get affected
and carries a risk of obesity and all chronic disease such as: hypertension, diabetes,
cardiovascular diseases etc.
On the other hand, rather than focusing only on monitoring the prevalence of overweight,
there are several programmes which are being developed and deliver services at school level.
This school-based health centres deliver care to underserved population and those children
who has poor diet and cannot afford to live a healthy lifestyle. These centres are known as
clinics housed in which linked to a school which want to provide integrated care with social
pg. 14

services, medical and mental health. There are approximate 1930 school based health centers
in the US which are positively influencing a variety of mental as well as physical health
outcomes. One of the main approach is: limitations on specific foods (Matvienko‐and et.al.,
2019.). This one is being identiiedy the most increasing factor.
As per the view of Anatoli Petridou, Aikaterina Siopi and Vassilis Mougios, exercise plays an
important role in obesity management in children. Obesity is related to either energy intake or
energy expenditure. So, in this regard it is proved that regular exercise contributes to body
weight and fat loss. Maintaining body weight and become healthy. There are no side effects
of exercise and also help in preventing children and people against all other diseases. So, it
can be said that by suggesting exercise to all children with obesity they can become healthy,
fit and disease free.
Rather restricting eating some junk foods, there are some other factors also identified which
can help in preventing children with obesity and overweight. Othe main factor which is being
identified in analysis is changes to eating pattens. All these factors have become the main
recommendation such as: eating behaviour is the reason of obesity then it should be
recommended to children to change their eating habits. Using low fat diet, increasing
physical activities and decreasing sedentary activities are some recommendations given to
children with overweight and obesity. So, it can be said that specialists and health care
providers believe that childhood obesity require effective treatments because it can impact
and lead chronic disease in the future. They also said that training to providers as well as
people involved in the process of care provider can help to treat children with overweight and
obesity. By getting effective training they can know the importance of initiating treatment in
a timely manner. It can also help in family awareness which is crucial for treating these types
of children.
Findings or results: In this article it was found that is really obesity and overweight in
children a main disease and task or not. Does it create several problems and should be treated
in early stage or not? So, it was found that treatment of childhood obesity with different age
and gender is really challenging task.
Article 5
Prevent obesity in childhood during infancy
pg. 15

As per the views of Usman, (2016), there are establishments of strong level of relationship
regarding the increase of obesity in terms of infancy age of child. More than quarter of
infants are considered to have gains in weights in more rapid manners as compared to be
desirables during the first six months of life. The author also added that there is increase level
of risk which is being appreciated of obesity in particular childhood. On the other hand, the
Heather Aldrich PhD a and et.al., (2014) contradicts that the intervention is having major
level of importance to have significant level of improvement over health of visitors along
with increase in knowledge in nurses of mitigation appropriates level of risk. This will also
help the nurse to have increase in capacity to identify and manage proper risk regarding
childhood obesity. The Heather Aldrich PhDa, and et.al, (2017) also reviewed that there is
inclusion of rapid weight gain in time of infancy which is related to obesity in future age
aspectsOn the other hand, the author argued that with the exploration of primary care
physician as per the respective knowledge’s, attitude, beliefs along with precipitate regarding
the management of childhoods (Shrivastava and et.al., 2017). The author also added that
there is knowledge regarding the low standard of health guidelines, the low level of self-
perceived knowledge’s in terms of competences to treat the childhood obesity and lacks of
clinical consensuses as per stranded measure to have particular level of treatment.
It is also being analysed that over population and the gap between the rich and the poor is
somehow the reason of obesity. Due to lack of access to healthcare and others services
children do not get enough ad nutrients food which lead underweight. Lack of nutritional
values in the body create several other problems in them and it is the reason of obesity. As
per the Shumei Xu, Ying Xue (2015), nutritional disorder or lack of nutritional values is one
of the main reasons of pediatric obesity. It is also stated that there are around 43 million
individuals who are obese in the world in which 21-24% are children. Eating habits,
environmental, metabolism and lifestyle are some common factors which are associated with
obesity. It also leads hypertension, diabetes 2, high blood pressure and others disease so, it is
important to prevent at early stage.
According to views of Heather Aldrich PhDa and et.al., (2014), the general practitioner and
nurses have proper considered raising issues in regard to roles with respective scale of
problem along with doubted effectiveness of giving respective level of advices regarding
different level of exercise and diet. With addition to that there are majorly concerns in terms
pg. 16

of sensitive nature which will negative level of impacts over bringing respective level of
attention to weight of child as per leadership of their parents. In addition to that the GP are
the more level to have concerns in developing and adopting the parents centric approach
which is actually having the adverse level of effect over interrelationship of doctor and
parent. On other hand with contrasts to that greater level of knowledge’s in terms of the
health risk is being associated with GP's and nurses as compress to health visitors. There are
been concluded as the absence reflection over exposure of training and guidance’s around
obesity level of preventions and management (Taylor, 2018). Furthermore, there is
identification with regard to knowledge with UK primary HCP's in relation to the health risk
in terms of obesity have not been previously reported. It has been reported as there are
knowledge’s risk of obesity is low as the HCP's is not able to have proper delivering
regarding appropriates advice to respective parents. The article selected has also laid
emphasis on that obesity has laid severe impact on health outcome on people who are living
in under-developed areas or are a part of minority population. It has been analysed that these
children are engaged in taking unhealthy diet which is one of the major reason for obesity. A
diet which is high in calories rises up the risk of obesity in young adults. Hence, this study
was havering the proper strength in exploring the obesity related knowledge of UK HCP's
and the beliefs and current practice of GP's and practice nurses in relation to identifying
infants at risk of developing childhood obesity. There is need for appropriates intervention in
order to have improvisation in the health- care visitors and the nursery nurse’s knowledge of
obesity risk and HCP's capacity to identify and manage infants’ at risk of developing
childhood obesity.
Findings or results- The article have straggled with various level of challenges in enable
proper shift for curative to preventative level of focus over childhoods' obesity in primary
cares as there is respective level of difference in competencies along with approach among
the HCP's in order to work with parent and children in respective manner Survey provided
that nurses needs to be consult at least in a week so that childhood obesity can be managed.
Recommendation- It is recommended that health care professionals must motivate children in
doing regular exercise so that obesity can be reduced.
Article 6
To Adhere and barriers in e‐health self‐control training for enhancing childhood
multidisciplinary obesity treatment
pg. 17

Training and self-control has been considered as the underlying level of mechanism in terms
of weight loss as for the long terms impacts in improving the outcomes of childhood
multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT's). As per the views of Sarah A Redsell1 and et.al.,
(2011), there is existence of low level of adherence group which had significantly higher
status of weights thorough the period of study. There are differences over the contextualise
treatment barriers have experienced the practical obstacles. In this article, the research is
based upon absences of level of commercial and financial level of relationship which could
be construed to have potential level of conflicts of interest. As per the Sarah A Redsell1 and
et.al., (2011), there are major arguments regarding the level of adherences over rates of an e
health control training which is being additional to have inpatients childhood over obesity
programs, which is seen as the marker as treatment feasibility. The article has results in
which it is necessary to have the providence of the person tailored feasibility in more manner
to have self-control training (Massionand et.al., 2016). As the three is specific setting
differences which should be actually taken in account which is important to have comparing
adherences of patients versus the setting of outpatient. On the basis of other studies, it has
been analysed that there is existence of higher initial weights which could have clears way of
predictions order to have reduction in treatment as per particularistic to significant aspects. In
addition to have it has been noted that high weight can results into more level of failure in
attempts to loss respective weight. As per notable study MOT is having proper level of basis
of the individual level of characteristics along with contextualise barriers. As per the article
is successful is terms of showing global level of quantity and quality to have respective
measurement which will have perceived overall level of barriers insufficient for
comprehensiveness understanding in terms of adherences in different groups in depth via
items content analysis (Lanigan, Tee and Brandreth, 2019). This is will considered to be the
first attempt to give the understanding in results on adherences for tacking different problem
which are related of weight in youth. The article contradicted the statement in attention in
relation to future intervention which should have clear level of focus e in the investigating the
various level of possibilities lowers the burden within is long and respective interventions.
The research has defiantly corporates variableness which is having respective level of
baselines more manner expanding the non-adherences with the ultimate goals of enhancing
long terms treatments of success for children along with adolescents with obesity. On the
other hand, the author contradicts to expectation as non-significant but small to medium
effect size have point which is needed to be perceived barrier in several obstacle scores in
pg. 18

more accounts of totals, demand, relevance along with the super species relationship in terms
of high adherence group.
Paediatric obesity is a growing global epidemic which require early stage intervention and
prevention otherwise it can increase mortality rate. This obesity affects all organs in body and
has prevalence more in young children with diabetes. By searching effective methods, health
professionals can cure and mitigate all problems associated with this and can also make
healthy and fit to children with obesity. So, after identifying causes which is overeating and
lack of exercise, appropriate interventions can be suggested to children.
Findings or results-The article is besides the different level of characteristics of child, there is
appropriates level of investigations for contextualise barriers which have contributed in
adherences. There are no signification differences in manifesting perceived barriers between
high and low level of adherence groups at respective development of article.
Recommendation- It is recommended that young children need to be engaged in providing
training related to curing obesity.
Article 7
To analyse perceive barriers to the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity.
Obesity is the major issues in public heaths as the major level of risk refactor which is
causing the stealth form cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetics in US. As per the views
of Jordan and et.al., (2018), the major way of collaborating the childhood obesity will have
the major level of requirement of concerted efforts of respective individuals along its family
and nationalise organisation. On the other hand, the author contradicts that This risk is such
as the excessive fast food combination as more level of television viewing as their
insufficient level of exercises which will resulted as major factor which is contraindicating in
increase level of health issues. This study has the major convincer with childhood obesity
which is having perseverance over submultiples' barrier for respective treatments an along
with need of enchanting educationist to managing the overweight children (Hughes, 2018).
On the other hand, author contradict that the study has failed addressing the ant parasitic
guanidine at well child care visit opportunity to assess or counsel on nutrition, physical
activity, and sedentary behaviours, as they relate to obesity prevention. In this article there is
anticipatory guidance at well-child care visits in the first year of life is important because
there are repeated opportunities for PCPs to encourage healthy behaviours. Hence, the gaols
pg. 19

of the present study are to have proper level of evaluation's in related to nutritiousness along
with inundation of physical captivity and sedentary Behaviour. It is having descriptivist level
of relationships in related to issue rearrested to childrearing obesity. In addition to that there
should be proper level of analysing the risk (Ulijaszek and et.al., 2017).
Along terms of analysis will help in PCP’s to have respective to their respective counselling
in more time efficient in order to have preventative of childhood obesity along with proper
level of consistency. There is establishment of policy statement regardless instruction of fruit
juices regarding certain limit. There proper recommendation as the fruit drinks and sweet-
tempered drinks were not actually allowedThis will have considered to be the first attempt to
give the understanding in results on adherences for tacking different problem which are
related of weight in youth. The article contradicted the statement in attention in relation to
future intervention which should have clear level of focus e in the investigating the various
level of possibilities lowers the burden within is long and respective interventions. As the
end, in thing artistic author have declares no level conflict in interest. In this article there is
anticipatory guidance at well-child care visits in the first year of life is important because as
repeated opportunities for PCPs to encourage healthy behaviours.
Findings or results- In this article the major finding in relation to achievements and
exploration of respective aim and objective is regarding barrier which is being faced by PCP
in order to have respective improvement of diet and lifestyle of the over weight
Recommendation- Health care professionals must have engaged in motivating patients to do
regular work out
pg. 20

Article 8
To analyse effect of attendance on body mass index of Child, Energy, intake and physical
activity.
As per the views of Kyung and et.al, (2017), family based level of weight loss is considered
to the gold level of standard treatment in terms of childhood obesity which is being required
to be provided to both child and parent (Mahmudiono and et.al., 2018). The author also
added that their treatments is being provided to the parents without child which could be
considered as similar level of attractiveness and disseminates at easier level. On the other
hand, the objective of this article is regarding the determination of effectiveness of PBT
(Parents based treatment) is considered to be similar level of effectiveness as FBT (Family
based treatments) on terms of child weight loss over the period of 24 months. There should
be a specific time to be given to all children in more way of motivating them to have better
performance in terms of both physical activities and sedentary activities. This will be helpful
in making a positive change.
On the secondary analysis have the clear level of aim to have proper evaluations of effective
of this 2 treatments on basis of parent weight loss, child and parent dietary intake, child and
parent physical activity, parenting style, and parent feeding behaviour. In this article there is
personalisation of proper level of interventionist in which both PBT and FBT. On the other
hand, the June and et.al., (2017) contradict the above statement by not including the current
level as a major child or parent psychiatric disorder, child diagnosis of a serious current
physical disease, child with physical limitations, or a family with food restrictions. The
research has defiantly corporates variableness which is having respective level of baselines
more manner expanding the non-adherences with the ultimate goals of enhancing long terms
treatments of success for children along with adolescents with obesityWith additions to that,
there is no level of control over the places interventionist as which have shown that the FBT
is considered to be superior to no level of treatments along with development of control
groups. In more of appropriates considerateness with regard to clinical application, there are
varsity of reasons where parents have the referencing one model over respective to other
(Matthan. and et.al., 2020). Also it is very necessary for health care professionals to make
parents and child aware about the risk factors related to obesity in order to cure it an early
stage. It has also been analysed that children were suffering from childhood obesity because
of inconsistent participation of parents in their dietary control measures. FBT is having the
delivering of information’s directly to child which is imports in terms of weightless objective.
This is considered to more preferable at socialist aspects in developmental more skill to give
pg. 21

reduction obesity (Willeboordse and et.al., 2017). On the other hand, the author contradicts
the PBT is considered to be more level of end citing where the child doesn’t have want to
come under respective level of treatments or scheduling. It has been analysed that the there is
no level of significant differences which is being found in between changing different
parenting along with feeding behaviour. In more addition, it has been analysed that the
similar level of parents finds out FBT and PBT which helped in changing the family lifestyle
(Pimpin and et.al., 2018).
Findings or results- In the research, it has been analysed that the there is more level of
retention over the PBT and FBT which is affecting parenting styles. However, it is also
important to note that PBT places a large amount of responsibility on the parent who attends
and was not as acceptable.
Recommendation - it has been recommended that the health care professionals should have
the endurance over parents to have proper level of engaging in the significant treatments
process.
MAJOR CRITICS
Though there are clear guidelines issued on the practices that needs to be made by the health
professionals, it is not easy for the professionals to follow these guidelines. The biggest
problems state that the higher costs in acquiring the equipment’s to be used along with the
difficulty in understanding the situation. Therefore, though the understanding of the manuals
and the situations, the complications might not be diagnosed in the appropriate manner,
resulting in deviations in the completion of the processes.
There has been a lot of ideas proposed to the patients, however it is not an easy task for most
of the patients to get along with the processes, and results in deviations in the complying with
the necessary guidelines. It is understood that the guidelines not been followed might result in
some of the actions getting delayed and a negative impact being created on the patients.
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION
It has been analysed that quality of life of obese children can be improved by providing them
with healthy diet and motivating them to be engaged in regular physical exercise. Approach
which has been used in order to enhance condition of children is PEACH. It means laying
pg. 22

emphasis on parenting, eating and activity for child health. Family based interventions has
been used in report in order to manage weight. These interventions are being taken in order to
change life style behaviour, including diet and physical activity. It has been analysed that
parenting self-efficacy is inversely associated with parenting capabilities to motivate children
to make use of healthier patterns. Like they can reduce consumption of Yoghurt and cheese
so that overweight can be managed. It has also been interpreted from the articles that only
fewer child was engaged in doing regular exercise, they were more involved in doing leisure
exercise. Parent based interventions was being used in order to manage childhood obesity.
Additionally, it was also noted that there were changes which were desirable in activity
patterns with increased involvement of children in physical activity. It has also assisted them
in managing their overweight (Hanlon, Dumin and Pannain, 2019). From the articles it has
concluded that parents needs to be possess skills and knowledge so that they can encourage
their obese and overweight child to be engaged in doing regular exercise. Effectiveness
related to real world practice was also being done in report. Also it is very necessary for
health care professionals to make parents and child aware about the risk factors related to
obesity in order to cure it an early stage. It has also been analysed that children were suffering
from childhood obesity because of inconsistent participation of parents in their dietary control
measures. Multi strategic approach in order to provide support to obese children has also
been used.
It is also discussed and can be said on the basis of above study that exercise is one of the best
therapy and ways of obesity management in children. Weight loss and weight gain are known
as obesity when there is imbalance between height and weight. Exercise keeps people
healthy, fit. It also reduces fat and become healthy to people. In this context it can also be
said that having the type of food before and after exercise plays an important role and this
mainly help in reducing or gaining weight.
The parenting, eating and activity for child health is an evidence based programme that has
been used to change life style and behaviour pattern of children suffering from overweight.
Barrier related to enrolling in healthy life style has also been discussed in article. Also parents
perception related to management of weight was being done. It has also been analysed from
the article that if parents are engaged in motivating child for dietary control plans they were
more consistent to follow it (Brown and et.al., 2019). Also multi-disciplinary team was used
in order to make families and children aware about the ill effects of obesity. This has assisted
pg. 23

them in improvising health outcome of children. Primary care providers have also given their
view point on controlling childhood obesity. They laid emphasis on that children must be
provided with proper obesity management guideline so that they can manage their weight.
Various practices like randomised clinical best trial was being done by them in order to know
about the best intervention which can be used to cure obese child. Despite this support care
provider have cleared that they found it really difficult and hectic in managing obesity
(Kracht and et.al., 2019). So they emphasise in providing chronic and collaborative care to
obese patients and children. Thus, these approaches have assisted primary care providers in
knowing about the barriers and challenges which are faced during obesity management
process. It has also been analysed that issues which were being faced by health care
professionals in managing obesity was lack of knowledge and confidence. Obese children are
lack confidence and esteem. So these expected needs to be taken care by health care
professionals and parents. They must have engaged in changing their eating as well as diet
patterns (Skinner and et.al., 2016). They must motivate them to engaged in doing regular
exercise. It has also been analysed that there are various treatment procedures which can be
taken up by health care professionals in order to manage weight of obese child. They were
engaged in motivating children to produce change in their eating patterns also children must
be involved in eating specific healthy food (Wilkie and et.al., 2016). They must make sure
that it contains less fat and sugar so that health outcome of obese patients can be improved. It
has also been analysed that families must be involved in organizing day to day activities of
children so that no health related problem can be faced by them. They must be involved in
making them take the prescribed medications and follow the routine activity. There is major
level of relationship among the rapid weight gain in time of infancy which is related to
obesity in future age aspects. Also they were not able to communicate effectively the
guidelines for obesity management. From the article it has been identified that children who
are obese can face various other problems like heart stroke, diabetes, hypertension. It can also
make them feel inferiority complex and can develop feeling of aggression in them.
Obesity is the major issues in public heaths as the major level of risk refactor which is
causing the stealth form cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetics (Aggarwal and Jain,
2018). As more than quarter of infants have considerations in order of gaining weight in more
rapid manners as compare to be desirable during the first six months of life. There is
existence of the low standard of health guidelines, self-perceived knowledge competences in
order to have proper childhood obesity treatment. In addition to that there are lacks of
pg. 24

clinical consensuses as per stranded measure to have particular level of treatment. So there is
respective level of need in application of appropriates intervention to have improvisation in
knowledge of health- care visitors and nursery nurses in terms of obesity risk. In addition to
that, there should be up gradation in HCP's capacity to identify and manage infants’ at risk of
developing childhood obesity. The article which have the elevation in more to adheres and
barriers in terms e- health self‐control training for enhancing childhood multidisciplinary
obesity treatment. It has been identified as the Training and self-control is having underlying
level of mechanism in terms of weight loss in long terms impacts for improvisation of
outcomes which is related to childhood multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT's). The
article has the corporates variableness with respective of baselines in more expanding non
adherences with ultimatum of respective goals for enhancement of long terms treatments of
success for children along with adolescents with obesity (Penilla and et.al., 2017). There is
more level of perceivable in differentia research with regard to have the obstacle scores in
more accounts of totals, demand, relevance along with the super species relationship in terms
of high adherence group. There is need for anticipatory guidance to more well-child care
visits in starting year of life. This is important because as repeated opportunities for PCPs to
encourage healthy behaviours. The risk which are associated are such excessive fast food
consumption, television viewing along with the insufficient level of exercises which will
resulted as major factor which is contraindicating in increase level of health issues. In terms
of childhood obesity family based level of weight loss is considered to the gold level of
standard treatment which is being required to be provided to both child and parent. On the
other hand, there’s level of contradiction in relational of taking various assumption in relation
to child obesity is retrospective manner. There is restriction regarding the current level as a
major child or parent psychiatric disorder, child diagnosis of a serious current physical
disease, child with physical limitations, or a family with different level of food style
consumption (Rainone and et.al., 2016). FBT is having respective potential to deliver all level
of information which is related directly to child which is imports in terms of weightless
objective. The existences of survey by the national health survey have mainly focuses on
monitoring the prevalence of overweight. There are some factors has been identified which
mainly lead this problem and need to be removed include: poor diet, underserved and ethnic
minority youth. In contradistinction to that PBT is having level of end citing of the child who
don't want to come under respective level of treatments or scheduling. Hence, this is reason
to be considered as proper level of exploitation's in terms of parent preference over the
delivery model as perspective of future research. The research has defiantly corporates
pg. 25

variableness which is having respective level of baselines more manner expanding the non-
adherences with the ultimate goals of enhancing long terms treatments of success for children
along with adolescents with obesity. Furthermore, fruit juice offers no nutritional benefits
over whole fruit, and it is acceptable to delay juice until children are older than 6 months or
to avoid juice. There proper recommendation as the fruit drinks and sweet-tempered drinks
were not actually allowed (Della Torre and et.al., 2016.). They will help in proper level of
improvisational children characteristics, their behaviour and health and make them as like a
normal child. It has been summarized from the report that obesity in young adults and
children has been caused because of various factors like lack of exercise, unhealthy diets,
consuming high amount of junk food, genetics and many more. So these children must be
motivated by health care professionals to engaged in doing regular physical exercise. It is
also identified that behaviors of children with obesity create some problems in providing
better treatment and dealing with them. Changing lifestyle is one of the main root cause of
obesity not in children but also in adults and older which are leading several other chronic
disease and also increasing mortality rate. Cognitive behavioral techniques which is being
followed by health care professionals can also improve health outcome of children who are
suffering from obesity. Self-control training can also be provided by E-tools so that dietary
patterns of young children can be changed. This will enhance their quality of life and make
them healthier. E-health has been proven as most time and cost-efficient technique that can
change health behavior pattern of children. It can motivate children to get engaged in healthy
diet and physical activity. Obesity is being considered as major and severe health problem
that is been faced by children. It can be overcome by changing eating patterns and engaged in
doing regular exercise. It has been analyzed that health care professionals must be engaged in
promoting healthy eating habits among young adults and children. They must motivate them
to make use of more fiber in diet which they are consuming so that their health outcome can
be improved. They can encourage children to cut down consumption of fat and sugary food
so that children can become fit and fine (Li and et.al., 2017). Training healthcare
professionals so that they can effectively support people who need to lose weight and help
others avoid gaining weight. It is highly important that the nurses and the medical
professionals have a clear understanding on how the work is conducted in getting the patients
understanding on the impact created on any of the delays created. At the same time, the
medical professionals face a lot of problems in getting the work completed as how they want
it to be, where the availability of resources are not sufficient.
pg. 26

The major factor that results in obese children is mainly the food intake that is provided to
them with the lack of exercises. This needs to be taken up with clear understanding on the
actions and proper monitoring that has to be provided.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
From the above, it can be summarized as per PEACH program, it is more important for
people to have proper following of different principles in a more effective way. This will
result in more balanced and consistent when parenting to make healthy choices. On the other
hand, Children with overweight as compared with obesity have major level of participation in
programmes as well as maximize their enrolment is the main key of success or considered a
prevention strategy. There are factors which has been identified as the major lead to
respective problem and needed to be removed which have major inclusion of poor diet,
underserved and ethnic minority youth. It has been analysed that more level of retention is
considered over PBT and FBT which is affecting different parenting styles. PBT places a
large amount of responsibility on the parent who attends and was not as acceptable.
This risk of excessive fast food combination, television viewing along with the insufficient
level of exercises which will resulted as major factor which is contraindicating in increase
level of health issues. It has been analysed, there is no level of significant differences of
found in between changing different parenting along with feeding behaviour. There should be
a specific time to be given to all children in more way of motivating them to have better
performance in terms of both physical activities and sedentary activities. This will be helpful
in making a positive change.
pg. 27

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pg. 32

Appendix: A
Author/Titel /
year
Aim Sampl
e/
Setting
Data
collecti
on
Data
analysis
Findings Recomme
ndations
Carly J. Moores ,
Jacqueline Miller,
Lynne A.
Daniels3, Helen
Vidgen3 and
Anthea. Magarey,
2018
The aim of
this study is to
explore pre–
post changes
in parenting,
and child-level
eating, activity
and
anthropometry
,
in the PEACH
QLD service
delivery
project.
Sample
taken
for the
researc
h was
childre
n,
adolesc
ent and
young
people
who
were
sufferi
ng
from
obesity
.
Data
was
collecte
d from
the
hospital
s and
specific
criteria
such as
factor
causing
obesity
of
patients
is used
for
classifyi
ng it
Data was
analysed by
making use
of statistical
tools, it was
completed
via hard
copy and or
by through
survey
monkey.
findings
were similar
with respect
to age, as
children
with
paired data
were
younger, but
we also
found
evidence of
differences
in sex (
It is
suggested
that health
care
professiona
ls motivate
obese
children to
be engaged
in taking
healthy
diet so that
they can
overcome
form
obesity.
Emma Esdaile ,
Emely
Hernandez, Carly
Jane Moores and
Helen Anna
Vidgen, 2017
The aim of
article is to
Enrol families
with
overweight
children into a
program
aimed at
reducing
childhood
obesity with
Sample
taken
was
obese
childre
n and
817
familie
Data
was
collecte
d from
health
care
professi
onals
A secondary
analysis of
baseline
data from
926
overweight/
obese
children
from 817
families
enrolled in
Findings of
this article
was children
were obese
because of
their
lifestyle
It is
recommen
ded that
families
should
engage in
changing
dietary
pg. 33

and without a
weight
criterion
s were
enrolle
d in
this
researc
h.
and
informat
ion was
being
gathered
from
families
.
PEACH
QLD was
performed.
factor. pattern of
children
suffering
from
obesity.
Kyung E. Rhee1
Stephanie Kessl1
Sarah Lindback,
Marshall Littman
and Robert E. El-
Kareh3, 2018
The goal of
this study was
to examine the
views of
paediatric
providers on
conducting
obesity
management
in the primary
care setting,
and identify
potential
resources and
care
models that
could facilitate
delivery of
this care.
Sample
was
taken
from
primar
y care
setting.
Four
focuse
d
group
was
taken
into
conside
ration.
Data
was
collecte
d with
the help
of
survey.
In this
article,
qualitative
data was
being used
to analyse
the focus
group
discussions.
Findings
were that
children
were unable
to manage
obesity at
their own.
It has been
recommen
ded that
health care
professiona
l must be
engaged in
providing a
full plan
chart so
that obesity
can be
managed
by young
adults.
Heather Aldrich
PhDa, Bonnie
Gance-Cleveland
PhD, RNC, PNP,
FAANa,,
Sarah Schmiege
PhDb, Danielle
Dandreaux PhDc,
Aim of this
article was to
determine
school-based
health centre
provider’s
treatment to
obese
Sample
was
recruite
r from
6
states,
Non-
Hispan
Data
was
collecte
d by
using
Tele
form
Bubble
Data
analysis was
being done
through
SAS and
descriptive
method was
also being
Through
survey it
was
analysed
that
treatment of
childhood
obesity is
It has been
recommen
ded that
additional
training on
obesity
must be
given to
pg. 34

2014 children. ic
white
were
also
taken
in
conside
ration.
sheet. used. really
challenging
task.
children at
early age.
Sarah A
Redsell1*,
Philippa J
Atkinson2, Dilip
Nathan3,
Aloysius N
Siriwardena4,
Judy A Swift5
and Cris
Glazebrook6,
2011
Aim of this
article is to
prevent
obesity in
childhood
during infancy
Sample
for this
article
was
taken
from
UK
primar
y care.
Data
was
collecte
d
through
survey,
it was
being
collecte
d by
nurses,
practice
clinician
s and
many
other.
Data
analysis in
this article
was done
with the
help of
Thematic
analysis and
structured
interview
methods
were being
used.
Survey if
nurses needs
to be consult
at least in a
week so that
childhood
obesity can
be managed.
It is
recommen
ded that
health care
professiona
ls must
motivate
children in
doing
regular
exercise so
that obesity
can be
reduced.
Tiffany Naets
Leentje Vervoort
Ann Tanghe
Caroline Braet,
2019
The aim of
this article was
To Adhere
and barriers in
e‐health self‐
control
training for
enhancing
childhood
multidisciplina
Childre
n were
taken
betwee
n the
age of
11-19
and
Data
was
collecte
d with
the help
of
randomi
sed
Data
analysis in
article was
being done
by making
use of chi-
square
method,
It was found
out from the
article that
Both child
characteristi
cs
(age,
gender,
weight
change, and
status) and
barriers to
It is
recommen
ded that
young
children
need to be
engaged in
providing
pg. 35

ry obesity
treatment
also,
they
were
sufferi
ng
from
severe
obesity
. /
control
direct
and
descriptive
analysis in
order to find
out the end
results.
treatment
(obstacles,
demands,
relevance,
relationship,
technology,
and events)
were
hypothesize
d to
contribute to
adherence
training
related to
curing
obesity.
Jordan G.
Spivack1, Maggie
Swietlik1,2,
Evaline
Alessandrini1–3
and Myles S.
Faith4, 2018
The aim of the
article was to
analyse
perceive
barriers to the
treatment and
prevention of
childhood
obesity.
Sample
taken
for this
article
was
childre
n
Eighty
paediat
ricians
and
seven
nurse
practiti
oners
respon
ded,
and a
minorit
y
correctl
y
identifi
ed the
definiti
on
Data
was
collecte
d from
children
hospital
and
ward.
Data was
analysed by
making use
of survey
design
method
Lack of
patient
motivation
was
considered
was one of
the most
critical
barriers that
was laying
emphasis on
health
aspects of
children.
Health care
professiona
ls must
have
engaged in
motivating
patients to
do regular
work out.
Kerri N. Boutelle,
PhD; Kyung E.
Rhee,MD, MSc,
Aim of the
project is to
Sample
taken
Data
was
Data was
analysed by
Findings
were
It was
recommen
pg. 36

MA; June Liang,
PhD; Abby
Braden, PhD;
Jennifer Douglas,
PhD;
David Strong,
PhD; Cheryl L.
Rock, PhD, RD;
Denise E.
Wilfley, PhD;
Leonard H.
Epstein, PhD;
Scott J. Crow,
MD, 2017
analyse effect
of attendance
on body mass
index of Child,
Energy, intake
and physical
activity.
was
obese
childre
n and
family
membe
rs were
taken
in
conside
ration
in this
article.
collecte
d with
the help
of
Random
ised
clinical
trial.
making use
of primary
and
secondary
outcome.
parents-
based
treatment
was more
effective in
making
health
outcome of
individual
better.
ded that
health care
professiona
ls must
ensure that
parents are
engaged in
treatment
process.
pg. 37

Appendix: B
Key Terms Searched
Obesity Children Families and
parenting
Perceptions Risk factors
Children Unhealthy
eating patterns
Parenting based
approach
Family centred Eating habits
Young
adolescents
Physical and
family
environment
Motivating Changes in
lifestyle
Genetic and not
engaged in
doing physical
exercise
pg. 38

Appendix: C
Initial List of all words searched:
1- Childhood obesity
2- Primary care unit
3- Impact of healthy diet and regular exercise on obese children
4- Role of parents in changing eating patterns
pg. 39

pg. 40

Appendix: D
Databases with rationale for their choice:
Databases Rationale for their choice
MEDLINE Authoritative, peer reviewed and vast range of sources
are available
PUBMED Authoritative, peer reviewed and vast range of sources
are available
COCHRANE For systematic review
pg. 41

pg. 42

Appendix: E
Tables of inclusion and exclusion criteria:
Inclusion Criteria Rationale
Only article which was published in
English Language was made used
It is the basic language which is also easy to
understand and interpret
Custom range in article was been
selected. Articles older than 5 years was
not being selected
This was being selected in order take new
and relevant information to make report
successful.
Studies published with relevant and
authentic data was being used.
To make process of reviewing easy, fast and
reliable.
Exclusion Criteria Rationale
Articles that were older than 5 years were
excluded from the research.
It consists of less reliable and old
information
Other than English Language no language
was included in doing research
Is not easy to interpret and analyse
Quantitative studies Data was taken from secondary sources and
only qualitative information was being used
for research.
pg. 43

pg. 44

Appendix: F
Glossary:
PEACH
Parenting, eating and activity for child health.
Dietary Control
It is a process where emphasis is laid on bringing
changes in diet patterns of children. It can improve
health outcome of obese patients.
pg. 45

pg. 46

Appendix: G
Frequent Abbreviations used:
SBHC School based health centre.
PCP Primary care provider
CPCMG Children primary care medical group
CMC Collaborative care model
ECR Expert committee recommendations
HEDIS Health care effectiveness data information
ACA The affordable care act
pg. 47

pg. 48

Appendix: H
PDSA Cycle
Plan Health professionals, families and parents must be trained to motivate
children to engaged in eating healthy diet.
Do To remove challenges and barriers in dietary process of children in order
to improve their health care outcome.
Study Feedbacks needs to be taken by families and children in order to know
about their health conditions.
Act Regular motivation needs to be done by registered nurses and parents so
that children can engaged in taking healthy diet for reducing their weight.
pg. 49