Impact of Diet on Health and Weight Reduction

Impact on health diet on improving health and reducing weight
Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: METHODS.........................................................................................................7
2.1 SEARCH STRATEGY8
2.2 DECISION ON ARTICLES 9
2.3 CRITICAL FRAMEWORK 10
2.4 MAIN THEMES 10
CHAPTER 3: CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DATA............................................................11
3.1 Measures taken to reduce risk and vulnerabilities related to obesity in children 11
3.2 Reduction of obesity through diet management and exercise 17
3.3 Evidence based intervention used by nurses to reduce risk of obesity in children 22
MAJOR CRITICS....................................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION...................................................................................................25
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION.................................................................................................29
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................30
Agarawak , B. & Jain , V., 2018. , eiologu and approach. In: Obesity in children: definitions.
s.l.:s.n., pp. 463- 472................................................................................................................30
Appendix: A.............................................................................................................................35
Appendix: B.............................................................................................................................40
Appendix: C.............................................................................................................................41
Appendix: D.............................................................................................................................42
Appendix: E.............................................................................................................................43
Appendix: F..............................................................................................................................44
Appendix: G.............................................................................................................................45
Appendix: H.............................................................................................................................46
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ABSTRACT
The present report is based on providing acute care to obese patients especially young adults,
adolescents and Children. Thus, the investigation is based on providing evidence-based care
to obese children so that their health outcome can be improved.
Purpose
The main purpose of this report is to analyse factors which are contributing to obesity. It has
been analysed that major cause of obesity is unhealthy diet and personal factors that is being
followed by children.
Methods
Literature review has been conducted to defined about the approaches taken in order to
reduce obesity in children and young adults. All 8 articles are related to obesity like reasons
of obesity in children in which different authors argued and provide information about all
associated reasons of obesity.
Findings
From the 8 articles which has been reviewed, it has been found out that lack of motivation in
service users is one of the main reason because of which they are facing problem of obesity.
Conclusions
It has been concluded that it is very necessary for children to be engaged in taking high fiber
diet that diet which contains lot of fiber. They also need to engage in doing regular physical
exercise in order to overcome the problem of obesity.
Summary
It has been summarized from the report that obesity in young adults and children has been
caused because of various factors like lack of exercise, unhealthy diets, consuming high
amount of junk food, genetics and many more.
Key words
Obesity, families, public health, young adolescent and children physical exercise, diet
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Obesity is the disease which includes an excessive amount of body fat. It is a severe disease
that cause number of other problems like hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular problems.
Certain cancers are also caused if an individual is obese. There are many reasons because of
which children suffer from obesity like for instance; consuming unhealthy diet, not engaged
in doing regular exercise, genetics and many more. It has been analyzed that so many young
adults and children have difficulty in avoiding obesity. This disease is being caused to them
because of inherited problem integrated with the environment, personal diet and exercise
patterns. This disease can be overcome by dietary modifications, bringing up dietary changes
in children and motivating them to involve in physical exercise so that risk and vulnerabilities
related to this disease is reduced.
In present report focus is been laid upon how secondary and primary prevention can reduce
the burden related to child obesity (Choukem and et.al., 2017). World health organization has
provided that childhood obesity can be prevented by bringing family-based care and laying
emphasis on changing lifestyle of young people. Family based interventions are most
significant as parents have major role in shaping lifestyle patterns involving diet and physical
exercise. It has also been analyzed that parents needs to be involved in changing lifestyle of
obese children by making use of whole family approach.
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Children who are suffering from obesity must be engaged in taking pediatric care. It has been
analyzed that primary care providers are the keen players in improvising health related
outcomes of obese children (Dougkas and et.al., 2019). They have recommended that young
adults must make use of Body Mass Index growth chart so that they are able to have a
complete idea about their dietary plans and physical activities. The article selected has also
laid emphasis on that obesity has laid severe impact on health outcome on people who are
living in under-developed areas or are a part of minority population
Obesity can also lead to severe problems like high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and
stroke, this make health outcome of children worse. So, emphasis must be laid on this so that
health outcome of children can get improved. It has also been analyzed that healthy lifestyle
changes must and changed eating patterns must be followed by children. It also needs parent
involvement (Bertapelli and et.al., 2016). Cognitive behavioral techniques which is being
followed by health care professionals can also improve health outcome of children who are
suffering from obesity. Self-control training can also be provided by E-tools so that dietary
patterns of young children can be changed. This will enhance their quality of life and make
them healthier. E-health has been proven as most time and cost-efficient technique that can
change health behavior pattern of children. It can motivate children to get engaged in healthy
diet and physical activity. They can encourage children to cut down consumption of fat and
sugary foods so that children can become fit and fine (Li and et.al., 2017). Training
healthcare professionals so that they can effectively support people who need to lose weight
and help others avoid gaining weight is crucial.
In order to cure obesity, it is necessary for health care professionals to make use of parents-
based approach. It includes involvement of family and parents in changing eating habits and
physical activities of children. This can help them in reducing risk and vulnerabilities related
to obesity in young adults and adolescents. It can make them healthier. Developing
parenting/parent’s self-efficacy is a core component of the programmer. Parents are
encouraged to lead behavior change in their families by planning, setting goals, managing
behavior and consequences, and being role models (Wu and et.al., 2017). This aspect can
assist them in reducing threats related to obesity that are pertaining in children. Family and
health care professionals must also get engaged in educating children about ill effects of
unhealthy eating patterns. As this problem can lead to several other critical factors like
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diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancers can also be caused because of
this.
Critical review will be done in report with the help of articles that has been selected. Main
themes will be based on article chosen and discussion will be done on the same. Research
question on which focus will be laid is:
 How does healthy diet can influence weight reduction in obese children?
CHAPTER 2: METHODS
This chapter has laid emphasis on methods which has been used in all the 8 articles to find
out the factors which are related to developing chances of obesity among young adults and
children. It has also laid focus on how dietary control measures and regular exercise can
improve health outcome of children (Grigorakis and et.al., 2016). Evidence based practice is
also being used in report in order to provide quality of life to young adults and children.
Report has also made use of parents-based approach which is necessary in changing out
eating activities of children. Data related to this report has been collected from several
hospitals, primary care units, families and parents of children. In some article randomized
clinical based trial was also made. It has been analyzed that it is very necessary for healthcare
professionals to motivate children to participate in regular physical exercise. Multi-
disciplinary team has also been appointed by primary care units in order to reduce the
chances of obesity in children. In most of the article survey monkey was used to record the
justification given by parents and families about prevalence of obesity. Holistic approach has
been used by pediatricians and health care professionals to enhance quality of life of young
adults who are suffering from obesity. It has also been analyzed that cognitive behavioral
therapy was used to change perception of children and motivate them to be engaged in doing
regular exercise.
Information search was mainly conducted through review of literature with the use of the
terms “factors affecting obesity” and also “practical issues identified in treating obsess
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Children”. This is to make sure that the information that has been obtained from the reliable
sources that provides information to practicing nurses.
2.1 SEARCH STRATEGY
Data bases used.
PubMed, CINAHL, Medline were being used. It is understood that the search of information
is not an easy task, where the information about some of the cases and information. The
information presented in this report mainly focuses on the recommended reading by the
specialists in the field of research and the medical field. Some of the very important and
essential readings had to be forgone due to the cost involved in obtaining those reports.
Therefore, to minimize the risk of time elapses and the cost, the information was collected
based on the recommendations as well as downloaded documents presented by some
colleagues.
It basically means the key terms which has been used during search process. Online article
has been used in order complete the project. All the articles were searched by making use of
key terms like obesity, risk factor, children and young adults. Researcher has made use of
peer reviewed article in which both qualitative and quantitative data has been used. In order
to collect more in-depth knowledge related to subject matter descriptive research has also
been used. This has helped researchers in finding out the end results (Fryar, Carroll and
Ogden, 2018). Different resources and data bases were structured in effective manner so that
report can be made successful and more information can be taken from that. In some articles
randomized clinical trial has also been used (Mead and et.al., 2016).
In order to make research more beneficial data was thoroughly evaluated and analyzed so that
better understanding can be gained, and problem related to it can be identified. Survey in the
article was done through survey and questionnaires were being filled up to have in depth
knowledge about subject matter (Camilleri and Staiano, 2019). In order to complete this
study most of the data was taken from primary sources. Research has also made use of
thematic analysis in order to have better understanding of the topic. Qualitative data was
being used in order to take data from focus groups. Data analysis in present research has also
been done with the help of SAS and descriptive strategy. This has assisted researchers in
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identifying the problems related to nursing interventions. Structured interview method has
also been used as a search strategy.
2.2 DECISION ON ARTICLES
Peer reviewed article has been selected in order to complete the present research. Selection of
article was fully based on their relevancy with subject matter. Authentic data has been taken
in account in order to make research more viable. Article which has been selected from study
are not more than 5 years old (Murugesan and et.al., 2018). All the articles were selected
from year 2015-2020. Various key terms have been used for instance, obesity, children,
paediatric care, healthy diet has been selected in order to make research more authentic.
Study has mainly taken use of qualitative study and descriptive analysis in order to reach end
results. All article was based on the topic which has been selected by researchers. Survey
monkey and structured interview process has been used to have in-depth knowledge about
subject matter. Centralized themes are being derived from the selected article to formulate
suitable conclusion. Custom range was used in order to select the article. For knowing
viability and making all information’s and data accurate thematic analysis is being used
which helped in not only making study successful but also in knowing all appropriate
information related to obesity.
2.3 CRITICAL FRAMEWORK
Present report has laid emphasis on that how changes in diet and involving in regular exercise
can improve health outcome of obese children (Robinson and et.al., 2017). It has also defined
about the responsibility of parents and families in changing the lifestyle pattern of young
adults. Also, the overall objective of this report is to analyze outcome of changes in lifestyle
for families with overweight and obese children. Evidence based PEACH interventions has
also been used by health care professionals in order to reduce risk and vulnerabilities related
to obesity. It has critically evaluated that whether lifestyle changes have positive effects on
children and adults or negative. (Kumar and Kelly, 2017).
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2.4 MAIN THEMES
Main themes that has been discussed in report is in exploring post changes in parenting and
by it reducing problem of childhood obesity (Rudolf and et.al., 2019.). Also, themes were
based on evidence-based interventions that can be provided to obese children in order to
enhance their health outcome. Research was also being done on school-based health centre
provider’s treatment to obese children.
CHAPTER 3: CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE DATA
Article 1
Explore and evaluate weight management service, pre–post changes in parenting, and child-
level eating, activity and anthropometry
In the context of weight management, it can be said that parenting and eating are the main
components of interventions for families with obese children. As per the view of, Carly J.
Moores and et.al., (2018) primary and secondary preventions both play an important role in
tackling health burden of childhood obesity. The main reason why family-based interventions
play an important role to address and cure children with obesity is that they are the only one
who can shape home environment as well as lifestyle behaviours which include both diet and
their behaviours. They also said that with the help of PEACH program (parenting, eating and
activity for child health) has effectiveness as it improves morale of children and behaviours.
With the help of this and other programmes, family of overweight and obese children can get
effective outcomes and deliver a real world service. By taking an active participation in
programmes and making able to children to take part in healthy lifestyle activities can help
them out in weight management. In the context of PEACH program that it is important for
people to follow some principles for making it more effective such as: there is a requirement
for people to act as family members for improving child's health, become a role model,
become more balanced and consistent when parenting and the most important thing is to
make healthy choices. So, overall, it can be said that behaviours changes in family, making
planning, setting goals are key of the success of weight management and the best
intervention.
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