Selecting Employees while Considering Legal and Ethical Requirements

The assignment content discusses the importance of considering legal, statutory, and ethical requirements when selecting employees for a position. It also describes various methods for selecting the right candidate for a job. Additionally, the content highlights the significance of teamwork and performance reviews, with factors to be considered during these processes.

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Working with and leading
people

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Answer to include: the preparation of job analysis, job description, person specifications. .5
1.2 Assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations that are needed to be
considered for the recruitment and selection process for the airline...........................................8
1.3 What are the selection techniques you would suggest that are best suited to recruit the ideal
candidate....................................................................................................................................10
1.4 How have you contributed to the selection process to make it more effective?..................12
Task 3.............................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Assess the benefits of team working in the airline and the team should be the cabin crew
consisting of at least six members.............................................................................................24
3.2 Demonstrate working in a cabin crew team as a leader and member towards specific goals,
dealing with any conflict or difficult situations that you may have faced of recent..................25
3.3 As a leader of the cabin crew review the effectiveness your team has achieved in their
recent goal of increasing customer satisfaction.........................................................................26
Task 4.............................................................................................................................................27
4.1 What factors will you need to consider in planning and monitoring and assessment of work
performance for the cabin crew.................................................................................................27
4.2 How can you plan and deliver the assessment to ensure needs of the cabin crew is
developed...................................................................................................................................28
4.3 What methods can you suggest that the airline should use to evaluate the success of the
assessment process.....................................................................................................................29

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Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................30
References......................................................................................................................................31

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Introduction
Human resource is perhaps the most important resource of an organization in the current
business environment. Human resource is helpful for the company to make efficient use of other
resources and creation of value for the customer. The value creation helps the company to
differentiate it’s offering from those of competitors and thus earn profit. The best company in
this regards tries its best to select the best human resource which can take the goodwill of the
company forward in times to come. Following the process of recruitment, it is the task of the
leaders to guide the recruited people in the right direction so as to help in achieving the company
goals and objectives. The leaders are also required to establish system of ensuring performance
monitoring of the employees and motivate or train them at specific times. In the following pages
different areas of human resource in an organization is described.

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Task 1
1.1 Answer to include: the preparation of job analysis, job description, person
specifications
In an airline the job of a flight attendant is very important one as they are the face of the airline
in front of passengers. The passengers select a particular airline based on the service that they
receive from the flight attendant.
Job analysis
In case of a commercial airline, it’s the flight attendants who are required to take care
about the safety and security of the passengers while they are traveling aboard a particular
airline. The job provides the person with a great opportunity to travel and have contact with a
various people. The flight attendant or a cabin crew is required to have important and great
responsibility and it’s important to point that the job is both emotionally and physically
demanding. While dealing with a particular passenger, it is required that the cabin crew should
act in a diplomatic manner. They should ensure the safety and instruct the passenger regarding
the safety; assist them and the cabin members about the weather condition and other related
problems. As per the job requirements a cabin crew is required to stay close to the airport,
maintain a smile on their faces as they travel through different time zones and spend most of
time while being on feet. As per the job a cabin crew might be required to work for long
durations and work at unsocial hours and even sometimes on public holidays. However, the job
on the positive note offers an unparallel opportunity to meet different people and explore leading
destinations across the globe.
Job description
Starting is done pre-flight briefing of the flight details. Insure adequate supplies,
refreshment and cleaning the cabin. Then cabin crew requires to greet passengers as they enter
the plane and guide them to their respective seats. They are required to give specific attention to
certain class of passengers that are elderly or disabled. Reassure passengers during flight. They
need to serve the onboard passengers with news papers, magazines and other forms of on board

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entertainment. They are required to sell duty free goods to the passengers while in flight and
provide a written report after journey completion. The cabin crew is also required to check the
condition of emergency equipment before the flight takes off and inform the passengers about
safety procedures. During emergencies they are required to provide first aids and deal effectively
with the situation.
Person Specifications
The person specification that is requisite of a person so as to land him or her job as the cabin
crew member varies from one airline to another. However, some of the general person
specifications are as follows:
 Requirements of minimum qualification (specific details varies according to airlines)
 Requirements about height and weight that is proportionate to height (specific details
varies according to airlines)
 Requirements about minimum and maximum age (specific details varies according to
airlines)
 Fluency in English or other language (Other language is preferably the native language of
a particular region)
 Some airlines require the applicant to have a minimum arm length
 Should be medically fit and not have any visible piercings or tattoos
 Survival skills including the ability to swim, survive in a jungle etc. (specific details
varies according to airlines) (Payne, 2015)
In respect of personal specification, there is the need to take into consideration Rodger’s 7-point
plan. This plan comprises of physical make-up, attainments, intelligence, special aptitudes,
interests, disposition as well as circumstances. A brief detailing regarding the plan is as follows,
 Physical Appearance – It includes speech, physical, looks, bearing and health.

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 Achievements– It includes educational training, mental development, studies, experience
as well as achieve something
 Intellectual and Mentality level – It includes brain based skills, recognizing power, ability
to visualize, articulate and solving complex problem and combining ability
 Special aptitudes – It includes abilities regarding construction, equipment, dexterity,
mathematics as well as IT
 Interests – It includes intellectual, practical, active as well as social aspects.
 Disposition – It comprises of maturity, self-reliance, compassion as well as humour
 Circumstances – It includes geographical mobility that excludes discriminatory factors
like age, children, marital status and so on unless having specific relevance with the job.

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1.2 Assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations that are needed to be
considered for the recruitment and selection process for the airline
Like in case of every other field, recruitment of a particular person in the position of a cabin
crew is guided by certain legal and regulatory requirements. The impact that different ethical,
legal and regulatory considerations has on the process of recruitment and selection is discussed
next
The person who is being recruited as a member of the cabin crew is required to pass through a
thorough background check. The person to be recruited as a cabin crew is required to pass
through these checks and the recruitment is provisional till the background checks of the person
extending in some cases up to 10 years yields satisfactory results.
Although there can be great variations in the working hours of a cabin crew and the cabin crew
might have to fly at unsocial hours, the maximum number of hours that the cabin crew is
required to fly on a day and in a week is limited by agreement with unions (Townley, 2014).
While recruiting a person in this position the airline is not permitted to discriminate on basis of
his race, nationalism, ethnicity or sex.
The interviewer should not ask questions that can hurt the ethnic or religious sensitivity of a
person.
In some cases the airlines need to train the cabin crew in special survival skill that might be
required in emergency situations.
Impact of Sex Discrimination Act, 2010 – The organization must ensure that they are not
violating the Sex Discrimination Act. The recruitment and selection of a candidate will not be
depending on whether the person is male or female. Therefore, it can be clearly stated that there
should not occur any sort of gender discrimination in the organization.
Impact of Race Relations Act, 1976 – In respect of recruitment and selection of an appropriate
candidate for the organization, there should occur the violation of the Race Relations Act if the
candidates are selected as well as recruited only from a particular race or nationality. Any person

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having the legal work permit as well as eligibility for working in a particular country can get
recruited as well as selected in the organization irrespective of which nationality or race the
candidate is belongs to.
Equal Pay Act, 2010 – In respect of recruitment and selection, this Act states that the there
should not be any kind of discrimination between male and female candidates in terms of pay
structure as well as employment conditions after they are recruited by the organization.

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1.3 What are the selection techniques you would suggest that are best suited to recruit the
ideal candidate
As the cabin crews are the face of the airline in front of the passengers, they play a major role in
either promotion or degrading the goodwill of the brand in times to come. Thus in this case it is
required that the company should design a recruitment procedure that helps in selecting the best
talents. The selection technique in this regards that would help in the selection of ideal candidate
is given below
In order to perform initial screening of the candidates the methods that would be used are CV,
application form and references
Application forms- The candidates applying for the job would be required to fill the application
form. Herein several physical details about themselves including their height, weight, a picture,
languages known and the relevant educational qualification needs to be described. The
candidates are also required to fill in their detailed name, religion, address and fathers name in
the application form (Van den Brink, 2010). Additionally there might be a section in the
application form wherein they could upload their CV
CV- in the CV, the candidates would be required to give details of their educational
qualifications along with the percentages earned in different degrees. Any additional
extracurricular activities known should also be mentioned. There should be a mention of any
previous work experience and any other relevant and important details.
References- References are required to verify the credentials of the candidate and judge the
suitability of the person in the particular position.
Simulation- An important requirement in the job of a cabin crew is that the person has to face a
lot of different and situations while in flight including emergency situations. In order to check
the emotional stability of the person and his or her suitability to face such situations, simulation
exercise can be conducted.

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Interviews: Interview can be used as the last step in the selection process. It is a very good tool
that helps to judge a lot of different aspects about the person simultaneously. Interviews are
useful to judge the emotional stability, language proficiency, domain knowledge and
communication skills of the person.

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1.4 How have you contributed to the selection process to make it more effective?
The selection procedure was designed as a team work or team activity in which different persons
came together to design the selection procedure with the ultimate aim of selecting the best
candidate/s for the job role. The ultimate aim is to select candidates who can increase the
goodwill of the airline in times to come. In this regards it was of utmost necessity that all the
members of the selection team would have to perform their own tasks with élan and efficiency
while they had good collaboration with other team members. I as the team lead of the selection
committee had a major role to play in the selection process. In addition to defining the job of
each team member, I had to keep a watch that the collaboration between the members was
happening at the right spirit. Along with another two team members who had knowledge about
legal and ethical issues I set about to define the person specifications. In addition to that I
extended a helping hand to another group who were busy in defining the selection procedure.
After designing the person specifications, I had to select the best media in which the
advertisement for the post was to be posted. In defining the salary structure of the new
incumbent and their position in the organizational hierarchy along with future growth prospects,
I had to consult with the finance department. My work, in addition to the work of others and the
mutual collaboration amongst the team members ultimately resulted in the formation of a great
selection tool that helped in selecting the right candidates.
 Planning the selection process – For doing this, I have undertaken the process of
selection by doing the review of the provided information from the candidates via
resumes as well as application forms. Other selection techniques that I have used for
interviewing includes samples of work, written tests, oral presentations, personality as
well as tests for aptitudes.
 Woking with a selection panel – I will be working with a selection panel in respect of
the selection process that comprised of a senior staff member, a board member, and also
an efficient colleague. I contributed to the selection panel by doing the screening of
resumes, doing the preparation of questions in respect of the interview, providing input
regarding the final selection process.

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Task 2

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Leadership values and attitudes – Effective leaders are possessing moral values as well as
attitudes that are considered to be positive. A leader is required values like honesty, ethics, as
well as social responsibility. Attitudes are regarded as feelings, viewpoints or beliefs that are
enduring or permanent regarding self as well as others.
Drive, energy and self-motivation – This most essential characteristic of leaders that are
considered successful is having the drive that takes into consideration a strong desirability to
achieve, ambitions that are high, high levels of energy, tenacity as well as endeavor. Leaders that
are successful are having a high motivational level for leading.

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Personality – There is the strong requirement for a leader to possess a strong personality. A leader
is required possessing a distinguished physical appearance, he is considered to be the
spokesperson as well as representative of the followers. They also possess the capability of
learning from earlier mistakes.
Communication skills – This is considered to be significant skill for conveying vision as well as
plans in respect of the followers. There is the significance of both vertical as well as horizontal
communication and failure to communicate will result in leadership failure.
Decision making skills – Every leader is required undertaking the decision making as well as
problem solving aspects that are considered to be fundamental functions of management.
Lacking in the ability to undertake correct decisions on time or to solve problems within an
appropriate time will be leading towards failure in leadership.

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Planning as well as execution skills – Managerial functions such as planning, setting goals as
well as objectives and assessment are undertaken by the leaders and there is the requirement for
having vision as well as technical expertise.
People skills – This skill is considered to be the most essential leadership skill that takes into
consideration the aspects of conflict resolution, motivation, maintaining relationship with seniors
as well as juniors.
Team leading skills – The formation as well as leading the work groups are done with the help of
the leaders by coordinating their work as well as making decisions regarding tasking. The leader
is required to form, train as well as direct a team.

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Managers
Authoritarian, transaction style – Managers are possessing an authoritarian position that an
organization vests in them and the subordinates are functioning under them by following the
orders from the managers and it is also called transactional since the subordinates perform their
task given to them by their managers not because they are bound to do it but because they will be
receiving a reward against the completion of the work.
Leaders
Charismatic, transformational style – Leaders are possessing a strong charisma that help them to
attract individuals for their cause. They provide transformational benefits stating that the
followers will be receiving extrinsic rewards and also grow to be better individuals.

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Managers
Seek Comfort – Managers are mostly aversive to risks and they try to avoid conflict as much as
possible.
Work focus – Managers are mainly focused on work and since they are given a limited time
period to complete the task, they naturally forward it to their junior staffs.
Leaders
Seek risk – Leaders want to seek risk and they take it into consideration that while pursuing
vision, it is considered natural for them towards encountering problems as well as obstacles that
they require overcoming.

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People focus – The leaders are always sharing a good rapport with people and they are always
giving credit to others that helps them to have loyal followers.
Teamwork leadership – This is a popular leadership style that helps toward motivating members
of the team as well as encouraging them towards pooling their knowledge as well as coming up
with creative solutions to the problems faster than doing it individually. Team work is required in
making all the arrangement and fulfilling the requirement of passengers in the flight. It is
necessary as this help to complete the work faster and effective ways.
Autocratic leadership – In this leadership, all the decisions are made by the managers and the
subordinates are being directed for completing the project. For illustration the flight is handled
by the pilots so their decision will be the final decision and all have to follow his rules during
flight.

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Free-rein leadership – In this leadership style, employees are having the capability to accomplish
the task that they are currently having and they are making decisions as well as setting up
policies without the input from the managers. In the context as every crew of plane is free to take
decision for the safety of the passengers.
Participatory leadership – The leaders that are following this style of leadership will be
coordinating the contributions of smaller groups regarding task completion. The small teams are
divided according to section vise in the plan for connivance.
Coaching leadership – This style of leadership is considered productive when managers are
expecting their subordinates to finish a task by themselves with assistance when challenging
situations will be arising. For example, when there is problem in the plane and pilots are not able
to convey the message then cabin crew can take necessary steps to save the passengers.

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Knowing the team – To know the strength of the staffs and factors that will be motivating them
will assist in increasing productivity very quickly.
Setting clear expectations – To set clear expectations for achieving a goal is very much essential
for achieving it.

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Increasing the self-belief of the staffs – By increasing the self belief of the staffs will assist
toward the encouragement of effectiveness, initiative as well as motivation and therefore these
traits are required to get inculcated within the staffs more and more.
Linking their tasks to a higher purpose – By making the subordinates understand in what ways
their contribution will be helping in organizational success would result in motivating them as
they will be having a sense of purpose to be a part of the organizational success.

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Task 3
3.1 Assess the benefits of team working in the airline and the team should be the cabin crew
consisting of at least six members
A vital skill that is requisite of every cabin crew is his or her ability to work in a team. Team
work is required to ensure that the cabin crew works to the best of his ability or skill. Team work
by the cabin crew is required in daily situations. However, team work becomes absolutely vital
to a cabin crew in times of emergency (Belbin, 2012). It is team work that differentiates between
the situation of life and death for the passengers in an emergency situation. In case of daily
operations, if there is lack of team work between cabin crew members then it reflects in the
quality of service offered by the cabin crew. Even under the situation where the cabin crews are
individually professional and extremely efficient, a lack of team work can result in the inevitable
and result in death from a great number of passengers. The benefits of team work amongst the
members of cabin crew can be accessed through the following issues:
Efficiency: Team work helps to ensure that the work performed by the employees of the
organization is executed in a more efficient manner. The individual working alone would not be
able to achieve the same level of efficiency as can be achieved through the process of team work.
Team work helps in reducing work load and stress of a particular employee as several employees
share the task amongst them.
Helps in relationship building among employees: In most cases it is seen that the team working
on a particular assignment in a flight are working for the first time and they might not be
working together again. In such a situation it is very important to develop team working between
the members as this helps in relationship building process amongst the employees. Team work
helps the cabin crew to create a good bond with them which can help them in providing the
passenger with the best of service. This also helps the members of the team to work in manner
that is effective.

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3.2 Demonstrate working in a cabin crew team as a leader and member towards specific
goals, dealing with any conflict or difficult situations that you may have faced of recent
Working as the member of a cabin crew in a flight means that there should be effective team
work. Team members are required to exhibit proper coordination between them as without
effective coordination between the team members the task cannot be completed in coordinated
and effective manner. This would result in duplication of efforts and a service to the passenger
that is below par and quality. This would in turn be noticeable easily by the passenger who
would readily switch to a different airline. Lack of coordination and team work between the crew
members in emergency situations can lead to unimaginable outcomes and also result in life or
death situations (Torrente, Salanova, Llorens and Schaufeli, 2012). The importance of team
working that is felt by a person working as a member and another as a leader is explained below
The cabin crews are required to provide refreshment and meals to the passengers while they are
on board. If suppose it is noted that while serving a certain snacks or beverage a cabin crew runs
short, then effective coordination can lead to other staff taking immediate notice of the same and
providing with a spare so as to satisfy the passenger. However, lack of team work and good
understanding among the cabin crew in such a situation would lead to the fact that the other
cabin crew would refuse to help and in this situation the first cabin crew might have to fetch the
item herself leading to a furious passenger in the process.
Similarly, it is also important to have good relationship and coordination between cabin crew
members and the pilots. The good relationship can result in the fact that the cabin crew would
immediately inform the pilots in case of an emergence and this result in the pilot taking remedial
actions to immediate effect.
The team leader is required to support the manager of the team in handling the day to operations
of the cabin crew. In this regards the leader is required to monitor the performance of the fellow
cabin crew and monitor their performance in an effective manner (Nancarrow, Booth, Ariss,
Smith, Enderby, and Roots, 2013). For instance, while working as the team lead I had to
intervene many times when I noticed that performance of particular member had fallen so as to
improve her performance in the most effective way possible.

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The Role of a Cabin Crew Team Leader (for solving conflict)
 The first step required for the preparation of resolution that includes admitting the
quarrel, describing the clash, welcoming the cooperative procedure, as well as rely on the
communication.
 Next stage is associated with analyse and gaining about situation which was associated
with clearing the problems related to the location, catalogue facts, beliefs as well as
presumption that underlies every post, examining in small section and labelling them
steam.
 At last, the step is associated with reaching to an agreement for effectively solving the
conflict.
3.3 As a leader of the cabin crew review the effectiveness your team has achieved in their
recent goal of increasing customer satisfaction
The cabin crews are required to provide meal, refreshments, other forms of entertainment etc. so
that the passengers are kept satisfied about their flight experience and can be persuaded to
choose the same airlines in his future journeys. In order to ensure that the flight attendants were
doing a good job in keeping the passengers of the airlines satisfied, I used a 360-degree appraisal
for the same. In this process the quality of the services being offered by the crew members would
be evaluated using feedback from independent reviewers, colleagues, passengers, manager and
the employee herself. In addition to reviewing the performance on a rating scale the reviewer is
also required to comment on the performance (Finn, Currie and Martin, 2010). The collective
score would be used to judge the performance of the employee and performance above par
would be rewarded. While on the other hand employees performing below par would be required
to pass through training. The performance of the employee before and after the training would be
evaluated to judge the effectiveness of training. In addition, the performance over a period would
be collated to judge about improvement or degradation in performance over time.

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Task 4
4.1 What factors will you need to consider in planning and monitoring and assessment of
work performance for the cabin crew
Today’s workforce has become global. In this respect the origination of people is from linguistic,
cultural or ethical background that are diverse to speak of least. In line with these variations in
the origin of people the learning attitude of the people is found vary a lot. Under these
circumstances the factors that need to be noted in considering the planning, monitoring and the
assessment of work performance of an employee are presented below:
Diversity in learning needs: Monitoring, developing and planning of the workforce should be
considered after accessing the diversity in learning needs of the people. Rather than being seen as
a hindrance, the people of diverse background should be included in the workforce as they come
as a powerful resource which helps the organization to learn and it also provides the opportunity
to the organization to cater to customers from different backgrounds (Stahl, Mäkelä, Zander and
Maznevski, 2010). In order to cope up difference in learning needs of the people a range of
different methods needs to be used. The organizational employees and especially needs to have
great interpersonal skills and have great respect for persons belonging of different cultures. In
order to better cater to the market that is global, it is very important to have people from different
cultures in the workforce.
Age groups- Another important factor that needs to be considered while monitoring the
performance of the employee is the age group to which the employee belongs (BBC, 2006). It’s
necessary to consider those facts that are related to achievement of the workers varies with age
and thus keeping in mind this fact the job specification and performance appraisal should be
designed.
Differences in culture: Amongst the different factors that have an influence on the learning
ability of a person one factor is definitely related to the culture of that particular person. People
who are form different cultural, ethnic or linguistic backgrounds have differences in ability and

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process of learning (Brown, Hyatt and Benson, 2010). This is a very important factor that needs
to be considered while planning, monitoring and accessing the performance of the employees.
4.2 How can you plan and deliver the assessment to ensure needs of the cabin crew is
developed.
The assessment of the employees needs to be designed in a way so that it leads to the
development of needs of the cabin crew. If the assessment is poorly designed that it would lead
to de-motivation of the employees as the appraisal would not be fair and be a true reflector of
performance. Thus the design of the assessment process in order to address the specific needs of
the people are described below
Motivation- It is important to keep the employees motivated in the current job. For this reason
the assessment is not merely there to point out areas where the performance of the employee
lacks but is actually designed so that the employee can be motivated to perform in a better way.
One important criterion in this regards is to ensure that the assessment is a true reflection of the
performance of the employee. In order to motivate the employee to a higher level of performance
the company can make use of reward and encouragement to perform better. In regards to
achieving sales target the common practice is to reward the top performers and reprimand the
weak performers. However, this can result in de-motivation and a sense of failure amongst the
habitual poor performers. In this regard an alternate approach can be to reward those who have
tried the hardest and not only the ones who have registered highest sales.
Delegation: The people need to be delegated to job roles that suit them best. In this regards, the
company should perform an assessment of their job roles and assign them to the right job. If a
person is delegated to a responsibility for which he does not have requisite abilities and is not
provided with proper training, then the person might feel de-motivated and this can also lead to
burnout of the employee.
Communication- It is important to communicate the assessment process to the employee so that
there is absolute transparency in the process. The employee should be aware of why a particular
person has been rewarded or reprimanded so that they can suitably improve their own
performance in time of the next appraisal or assessment.

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4.3 What methods can you suggest that the airline should use to evaluate the success of the
assessment process
It is important to ensure the success of the assessment process so that it helps in rewarding the
right candidate and does not result in unnecessary de-motivation and employee burnout. In order
to address these concerns the following methods can be used for judging the success of the
assessment process:
Feedback- The assessment process is designed with an objective to judge the performance of the
employee. Thus the most effective way to judge the effectiveness of the assessment process is to
ask for the feedback of the employees regarding the assessment process. Feedback from the
employees regarding the assessment process thus forms an effective step in judging the
effectiveness of the assessment process.
Appraisal- One of the methods that can be used to evaluate the success of the assessment process
is appraisal. Under this process various stakeholders can be asked to appraise the assessment and
judge its effectiveness in meeting the objectives it is meant to serve.
Review by independent auditors- In addition to the use of above steps in judging the
effectiveness of assessment process, another process that can be used in this regards is to collect
the opinion and review by independent auditors regarding the assessment process. The reviewers
are required to judge the effectiveness of assessment process on certain different parameters so
as to pass verdicts regarding its effectiveness. Yes, it’s necessary for the organization to keep
record for example in the company it will to know the improvement level and performance level
of the employee. This will improve company performance and will help the employee to earn
more incentives.

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Conclusion
The above pages describe the process of recruitment in cabin crew profile. While selecting the
employee for the position, it is important to keep in consideration the legal, statutory or ethical
requirements and regulations in this regards. The different methods of selecting the right
candidate for the job are described. The next couple of pages talk about the importance of team
work. The next phase focuses on performance review and the factors that should be considered
while performing the review.

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