Documentation and Planning for Children Aged 0-5 Years

This report focuses on the documentation and planning for children aged 0-5 years, including observations, childhood theories, learning by observing, and experience plans. It discusses the cognitive and behavioral theories that support children's development and learning. The report also highlights the importance of socialization and the role of parents and caregivers in children's learning.

Documentation and planning 1
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Video 1- Nathaniel (10 Months)......................................................................................................3
Observation..................................................................................................................................3
Childhood theory.........................................................................................................................4
Objective......................................................................................................................................4
Learning by observing.................................................................................................................5
Experience plan...........................................................................................................................5
Video 2- Nick (33 months)..............................................................................................................6
Observation..................................................................................................................................6
Childhood theory.........................................................................................................................7
Objective......................................................................................................................................9
Learning by observing...............................................................................................................10
Experience Plan.........................................................................................................................10
Video 3- Peter (4 years 10 Months)...............................................................................................12
Observation................................................................................................................................12
Childhood theory.......................................................................................................................12
Objective....................................................................................................................................13
Learning by observing...............................................................................................................13
Experience plan.........................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
Documentation, planning based on the different program serving infant, toddlers and other
pre-school children. it provide the better dedication towards all essential ingredients for high
quality of facilities. This means that observing every day interactions of children, their peers and
opportunities to explore in develop play environment or culture.
This report is mainly focused on three different record of children aged between birth to 5
years. It will describe about the observation of every children, implement an appropriate
strategies help for improving the social emotional, thinking skills development. Furthermore, this
documentation will discuss about the cognitive and behavioural theory which always support for
enhancing overall performance of children’s on basis of their aged level.
MAIN BODY
Video 1- Nathaniel (10 Months)
Observation
In this video of 10 months old Nathaniel boy it is observed that he is trying to place lid on
container. It shows development of children brain and their early learning as how they learn from
surroundings. All children are born with brain cells, whose main function is to store as well as
transmit information. In the age of 10 months and up to 1 year, children are more likely to enjoy.
In this stage of development¸ children are more likely to adapt changes, happens surrounded
there as they observe things and try to do the same Bai & et.al., (2018). It is observed that 10
months old chid is continuously trying to place lids into container. After so many efforts and
attempts, child finally became successful in putting cap o the container. It all happens because of
their motor skills. In this stage, motor skills developed in which they observe things and try to
push themselves without help of others. It improves their motor skills and dexterity of the child.
There are several activities in which chid try to engage them and in this activity of placing lids
and covering container with cap, it can be said that there is requirement of hand-eye
coordination, navigation, motor skills and cognitive abilities. In addition, it is also found from
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observation that in this age of in this growth stage, children become easily distracted and their
attention span last only for 2-5 minutes.
Childhood theory
John Watson’s behavioural theory is the best suited in this observation of 10 months old child,
who tries to place or put lid into container. This theory believes that all children have differences
in their behaviours and these differences mainly occur in children because of their different
learning experiences and surroundings. Whatever they see, they learn. They have grasping power
and they do not know the different between the right and the wrong so, whatever that see around
their and they try to do the same. In the age of 10 months, babies engage themselves in different
small activities like making stacks, blocks and others. This behavioural model focuses on
prediction as well as control of the development process. It analyses of the behaviour and then
synthesizes the action for supporting original behaviour. Child at this age are more likely to look
up to and imitate to people who are in an authoritative position Huggins & Thompson, (2019).
This behavioural theory of development also states that child or babies at this stage learn
most of the things from the relation which they build with people around them and via those
relations as well as observations they increases social skills. It is associated with social theory or
socialisation because in child development it plays an important role. In addition, it can also be
said that children who do not have the opportunity to socialize could end up being isolated and
withdrawn themselves. As compare to other child, they are less likely to learn new things and
participate in activities. So, it can be said that behaviors and learning capacity of child at this
stage depends upon their parents and people, surround them.
Objective
Main objective of observing child or 10 months old Nathaniel is to know his behaviours
and his ability of placing lids into containers. Knowing ways in which children at this stage
perform activities and learn new things was the main aim. It was found by observing that
children take time in completing their tasks but eventually they end up by completing it and they
do not get frustrated.
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In regards to learning skills, Primary objective is to identify roles of socialisation and
people, surrounded to children. It is found by observation that 10 months old child Nathaniel
knew that lids will be placed into container and cap will be put on container. He was trying to put
cap on the container as he did not know the exact and right way of putting it up. After putting
efforts and several attempts he finally got successful and put cap on container. So, the main
objective was to learn behaviours of Nathaniel.
EYLF (Early years Learning Framework), is one of the effective framework which helps in
understanding early years learning of child development. It ensures that child of 10 Months years
old is learning from social world and develops themselves. According to observation, it is found
that Nathaniel has concentration power and motor skills. There are some other things which have
observed such as:
 Grow confidence to explore and learn
 Concentration power
Learning by observing
Sometimes parents also learn different things from their child and in the regards to
Nathaniel it can be said that child have patience. They only focus on their activity as they want to
complete their task no matter how and in how much time. So, from observation it is learned that
focus and motor skills play an important role in completing any task for children. It is also
experienced and found ways as how children change and grow over the course of childhood. It
tells us about ways and reasons as how and why children behave is such ways and how their
behaviours related to their family and individual temperaments Belza, Herrán & Anguera,
(2019). It can be understood by making use of theory and by implementation of behavioural
theory it is learned that children at this stage learn several new things from their parents and
people around them.
Experience plan
S.No Goal of experience Strategies Result or outcome
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implementation
1)  Participate in
stick and hand
eye observation
activities.
 Understanding
behavioural
differences and
changes.
 Making an
effective plan
to take
participation
in such
activities
 Identifying
behaviours
and patience
level while
engaging in
activities.
It is found that
babies or children of
10-12 months old
have patience level
and can learn several
things from
surroundings
towards simpler
activities.
2)  Improving motor
skills and finding
out the way of
performing
activity.
 Only focusing on
tasks and
activities.
 Motivating or
helping
children to
complete their
task by giving
direction.
Guiding and helping
out children in
performing different
activities.
Table: 1
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Video 2- Nick (33 months)
Observation
On the basis of observation it has been watching a view of Nick, 33 months old children.
He was becoming a big kid with physical skills that amaze every day activities. At this age. Nick
is always one move and love doing things such as turning handle and doorknobs, pedalling a
tricycle. According to the video, has was trying to use various instrument, playing with different
manners (Achermann, Nyström & Falck-Ytter, 2020 ). It can be identified the way of Nick to
observe different things effectively. He was inspired or motivated to take part of different
activities, roaming ground everywhere.
Praise Nick skills at claiming and other activities on particular videos. There are huge
accomplishment and each one should be celebrated, just make sure Nick is being safe. As per
video, it has determined that Nick own actions play an important role in shaping their
interpretation, understanding their actions (Garrison, Morley & Bakhirev, 2019). Correlational
evidence for this view come from video showing that Nick own grasping skills, which are
completely related to their ability and predict the goal of observed action.
Childhood theory
The cognitive development theory is adopted for evolving environment around us,
Children rely on cognition both adapting to current environment or culture. Afterwards, it can be
transformed according to them. According to video, Little Nick as toddler that must consider
little scientist, and being exploring the world in new trial-error manner. Usually, he was using
their motor skills, planning abilities (Auvin & et.al., 2019). For Example- Little Toddler might
throw their bottle into water to see want happens. In this way, he was engaged with
experimentation help them learn about entire world. Toddler tries to inspire or motive other
children and perform different activities. All these activities are related Cognitive development.
It is becoming useful for learning new things and take granted, what they must actually be
learned at the time of playing.
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Cognitive theory deals with development of children thoughts processes. It is looks at
how different thoughts processes influence little toddler. Afterwards, they can understand and
interact with all around the world. His cognitive theory seeks to explain the development of
different thought processes, mental states (de Lauzon‐Guillain & EDEN Mother Child Cohort
Study Group, 2019). This is the reason when proposed this theory of cognitive development for
little toddler, accounting for steps, sequences of children’s intellectual improvement or
development.
Cognitive theory will help for toddler to solve problem through mental strategies, to
remember thing heard days before repeat it. Furthermore, it also engaged with pretend play to
find different objects that have been moved even when out of particular sight. Obviously, this is
a best technique that learned from past experience (Garrison, Morley & Bakhirev, 2019). The
child is now better equipped with mental strategies for resolving problem. In this stage, Toddler
can improve their own ability by involves learning to new activities. Initially, it is to be
considered as hand on approach to know about the entire world.
Objective
The primary objective of observation is to identify toddler which become better able to
control his body, it may notice that he was more excited than ever to show and what they can do
things (Achermann, Nyström & Falck-Ytter, 2020 ). Through observation, there are two
important learning abilities help for toddler such as social emotional skills, language or thinking
skills.
In context of social emotional, Toddler can see the entire world from another individual’s
perspective as he played role what they garbage collector does. It has been developed an
effective relationship with other people as he connect with friends, mom and their family
members (Garrison, Morley & Bakhirev, 2019). At certain level, he was managed their
frustration and clam himself down. These type of abilities was identified among little toddler
such as Nick 33 months older different activities are always support for children to resolve
problem and develop own critical thinking.
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In context of thinking skills, Primary objective is to examine the current thinking ability
of Little Toddler. Examined that what type of language use and tell his own idea. When he was
playing with bottle into water pool, performing different role which bring to understand actions.
At that time, he was understanding towards logical thinking, problem solving. When, with
mother guidance, he figure out that this type of water is not drinking purpose. It’s actually
perform different activities.
EYLF (Early years Learning Framework), which become consider as foundation for
ensuring that child of 33 Months years old (Nick) education, setting experience quality of
learning as well as teaching. According to observation, it has found that Nick have a strong sense
of identity. Its all about experience, especially when positive ones including transitions and
change where children such as:
 Learn about themselves
 Feel significant and respected
 Grow confidence to explore and learn
 Right way to shape identity of toddler
Learning by observing
First hand action experiences are considered as essential for learning. But this is not
related to 33 old months Nick’ understanding of observed actions. It is helping to grow over first
year of life. During a regular day, Child have multiple opportunities to observe new thing and
engage with goal directed activities. Typically, Nick can learn from such observations when they
can use different things such as bottle, water. Critically, Nick has been observed countless action,
which is mainly performed by other (Ogbo & et.al., 2019). It cannot yet produce themselves. For
Example- 33 months Old Nick observation depending on the usage of different playing
instrument which contain as co-occurrences of certain random variation. It allows them to learn
predictable paring and respond when they are performing various activities. Sometimes, It could
learn in same way about establish a pairing of other actions.
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Experience Plan
S.No Goal of experience Strategies
implementation
Result or outcome
1)  Participate in
water, bottle
games with
other children.
 Participate in
familiar
routines.
 Make planning
to regular part
of program
(Garrison,
Morley &
Bakhirev,
2019).
 Make sure
children can
see areas or
use materials
Toddler can build
their own
understanding
towards multiple
activities.
2)  Initiate and
maintain
social play
with other
children
 Establish an
interaction
with another
children
during
activities.
 Encourage
toddler to
elaborate on
their plan.
 Support,
accept and
extend all
different ways
children
express their
plan.
Establishing a better
coordination with
children and perform
different activities.
Table: 2
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Video 3- Peter (4 years 10 Months)
Observation
According to video, it has found that peter become 4 years older children. he was trying
to draw something innovative on the basis of their ability. At this stage, he was exploring and
learning express emotions. They are performing different things such as drawing, playing, and
noises. It has been observed that pre-schooler like to be around other children. it might have to
please and be like pre-school age friends (Olds & et.al., 2019). It could be considered as
important to understand all around activities. As part of getting along with other children, it
might hear or see activities of other. Sometimes, peter has agreeing to the specific rules which
being pleased when good things happen.
On the basis of video, it become easier for identifying current mood of peter which likely
to focus on the drawing. It is to be more helpful but sometimes, he might still be demanding.
During activities, Peter may feel so relax, clam and focus on doing something innovative
(Achermann, Nyström & Falck-Ytter, 2020 ). Peter has an own ability to understand more about
opposite for example- name of letter, number, shapes. It help to remember their own sketch and
know difference between left and right individual one.
Childhood theory
After successful observing the different activities of Peter (4-years and 10-months) old
child. Pre-schooler at 4 years, Give a lot of play time which help for them to express feeling such
as joy, excitement, anger and fear. It could might like messy play with sand or mud, pretend play
with running, rolling. Afterwards, they have been showing interest of reading, painting and
drawing something innovative design. This will help for pre-schooler to get more interest
towards new thing, innovative concept and logical thinking.
According to observation, it also consider as behavioural theory which help for
improving positive attitude, behaviour within peter (4 years child). He was tried to influence with
all around environment or culture. It insists that learning occurs purely through process of
reinforcement and association. This type of behavioural theory is basically deal with observable
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behaviour of children. Thus, it can be developed as reaction to reinforcement, reward and
punishments (Garrison, Morley & Bakhirev, 2019). By using theory, it is mainly focused on the
two development approach such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning. Typically, it
involves learning through naturally occurring stimulus. Another, it can be utilised reinforcement
and modify.
Objective
In this video it is found that children in this stage and age of 4 years old are more likely to focus
another children as by observing another children they perform activities and get engaged in
activates. One of the main objectives of observation was to practice observation as well as
recording by identifying one skill ahead of time. Noticing children’s behaviours and ways of
performing activities was other main aim and it is found that in this stage, children get easily
distracted and they focus on other children more than their own activity Missall, Hojnoski &
Moreano (2017).. It is also found that in this stage of child development, children motivate
themselves by observing others and want to make drawing and activities as like others. Other
objective was observing their behaviour as how they observe others and how they motivate
themselves by observing others. It is also found that drawing and other activities grab attention
of children as it increases interest of them. They prefer to use writing tools in different manner as
it makes them pleased.
Learning by observing
Several things have been learned by observing and one of the main things which is found
was importance of social or group activities. In this stage of childhood development, children
prefer to work and perform activities by observing other children. Moods get changed in this age
as children become bored easily while performing only one thing. They prefer to perform
different activities and their main motivation are other children. They complete their tasks or
activities only because of other children. Appreciation by teachers and parents also plays an
important role in this stage as children are more likely to become focused when someone
appreciate their work.
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EYLF (Early years Learning Framework), which become consider as foundation for
ensuring that child of 4 years and 10 months (Peter) that help for providing the better
communication. Afterwards, Peter can use gesture, language and also experience with different
activities of Peter, he was performed to draw something innovative on the basis of their idea. At
that time, Early year learning framework will help for successfully develop their foundation.
It helps in young children leaning from birth to 5 years of age. Some principles which can
help in understanding behaviours and learning of child development include: ongoing learning
and high expectations.
Experience plan
S.No Goal of experience Strategies
implementation
Result or outcome
1)-  Participate in
drawing and
other activities
for which
children require
some writing
tools.
 Participate in
group activities
for observing
other children
and learning
new things.
 Observing
others for
motivating and
competing
given tasks.
 Making sure
children are
using given
writing tools
and observing
each others.
Children become
frustrated easily but
buy observing others
they motivate
themselves..
2)  Focusing on
group or social
activity with
 Motivating
children by
appreciating in
Establishing a better
coordination with
children in getting
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other children
 Establishing
positive
interaction with
another
children during
activities for
performing
own activities
in an effective
manner Hong
& et.al., (2019).
completing
their task or
activity.
 Supporting
and rewarding
children for
making them
feel pleased.
their task done.
Table: 3
Conclusion
From the above study it has been summarized that children at different stage have different
behaviours, skills and ways of learning. This study has discussed three different record of
children aged between birth to 5 years. It has also shown effectiveness of appropriate theories of
child development like cognitive, behavioural and others as it makes people able in
understanding behaviours of children at different stage. It has also shown action plan by which
people can make children understand about their activities and can help them out in completing
their tasks. Socialization also plays a vital role in positive children growth and positive impacts
on behaviours.
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REFERENCES
Book and Journals
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associated with general developmental level at 2 years, but not autistic symptoms. Autism
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Auvin, S. & et.al., (2019). Novel study design to assess the efficacy and tolerability of
antiseizure medications for focal‐onset seizures in infants and young children: A
consensus document from the regulatory task force and the pediatric commission of the
International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), in collaboration with the Pediatric
Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC). Epilepsia open, 4(4), 537-543.
Bai, Y. & et.al., (2018). The relationship between birth season and early childhood development:
Evidence from northwest rural China. PloS one, 13(10), e0205281.
Belza, H., Herrán, E., & Anguera, M. T. (2019). Early childhood education and cultural learning:
systematic observation of the behaviour of a caregiver at the Emmi Pikler nursery school
during breakfast/Educación temprana y aprendizaje cultural: observación sistemática de
la conducta de la educadora Pikler durante el desayuno. Infancia y Aprendizaje, 42(1),
128-178.
de Lauzon‐Guillain, B. & EDEN Mother‐Child Cohort Study Group. (2019). Association
between genetic obesity susceptibility and mother‐reported eating behaviour in children
up to 5 years. Pediatric obesity. 14(5). e12496.
Garrison, L., Morley, S. & Bakhireva, L. N. (2019). Forty Years of Assessing
Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Infants:
What Have We Learned?. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 43(8). 1632-
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Hong, J. C. & et.al., (2019). The effect of the “prediction-observation-quiz-explanation” inquiry-
based e-learning model on flow experience in green energy learning. Computers &
Education, 133, 127-138.
Huggins, R., & Thompson, P. (2019). The behavioural foundations of urban and regional
development: Culture, psychology and agency. Journal of Economic Geography, 19(1),
121-146.
Missall, K. N., Hojnoski, R. L., & Moreano, G. (2017). Parent–child mathematical interactions:
examining self-report and direct observation. Early Child Development and
Care, 187(12), 1896-1908.
Ogbo, F. A. & et.al., (2019). Determinants of trends in neonatal, post-neonatal, infant, child and
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