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Domino's Pizza Group PLC: Financial Performance Analysis and Strategic Insights

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This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Domino's Pizza Group PLC's financial performance, examining its recent financial results, dividend policy, sources of finance, and key financial ratios. The report explores the impact of global economic developments, such as inflation and shifting consumer demand, on the company's operations and strategic direction. By analyzing these aspects, the report aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of Domino's financial health and its ability to navigate the dynamic food and restaurant industry.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
SECTION A: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS.............................................................................1
DEVELOPMENT ONE: GLOBAL INFLATION AND FOOD PRICE DYNAMICS.........1
DEVELOPMENT TWO: SHIFTING CONSUMER DEMAND AND INDUSTRY
GROWTH.............................................................................................................................. 3
SECTION B: DIVIDEND POLICY AND SOURCES OF FINANCE.....................................4
DIVIDEND POLICY.............................................................................................................4
SOURCES OF FINANCE..................................................................................................... 5
SECTION C: FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS.......................................................................8
PROFITABILITY RATIOS................................................................................................... 8
LIQUIDITY RATIOS.......................................................................................................... 10
GEARING RATIOS.............................................................................................................12
EFFICIENCY RATIOS........................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................ 14
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................16
APPENDIX- A......................................................................................................................... 18
APPENDIX- B......................................................................................................................... 19

INTRODUCTION
Domino's Pizza Group PLC, commonly referred to as Domino's, is a leading player in the fast-
food industry, specialising in pizza delivery and takeaway services. The company has navigated
a challenging yet opportunistic business landscape in the last two years. Financially, Domino's
reported a profit after tax of £78.3 million in 2021 and £81.6 million in 2022, showcasing its
resilience and adaptability in a dynamic market environment (Annual report, 2022). This report
aims to provide an in-depth analysis of Domino's recent financial performance, including the
impact of major global developments on the company, an examination of its dividend policy,
sources of finance, and various financial ratios. By exploring these aspects, the report aims to
offer a comprehensive understanding of Domino's financial health and strategic direction in the
context of prevailing economic conditions and its operational strategies.
SECTION A: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Domino's Pizza Group PLC (Domino) has been influenced by two significant global economic
developments that have impacted the food and restaurant industry in 2023. These developments
have led to challenges and opportunities for Domino's, affecting its financial performance and
necessitating strategic responses.
DEVELOPMENT ONE: GLOBAL INFLATION AND FOOD PRICE DYNAMICS
DESCRIPTION
In 2023, the global economy experienced significant inflation, impacting the food industry.
Globally, domestic food inflation averaged 13.0% in June 2023, down from a peak of 16.9% in
December 2022, but still represents a substantial cost increase (UN, 2023). This inflationary
pressure affects costs for ingredients and operational expenses in the food and restaurant
industry.

FIGURE 1: GLOBAL FOOD PRICE YEAR-ON-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE
(SOURCE: UN, 2023)
FINANCIAL IMPACT
As a major player in the food industry, Domino's faced heightened costs for key ingredients due
to this inflation. For instance, critical commodities like cheese and wheat, essential for pizza,
would have increased prices (Deloitte, 2023). This inflationary environment likely led to
increased operational costs for Domino's, potentially squeezing profit margins.
STRATEGIC RESPONSE
Domino's has explored options like menu price adjustments or introducing cost-efficient menu
items to manage these increased costs. They could have also optimised their supply chain to
mitigate the impact of rising food prices, perhaps by negotiating better deals with suppliers or
finding alternative sources for ingredients (Trainer, 2022).
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DEVELOPMENT TWO: SHIFTING CONSUMER DEMAND AND INDUSTRY
GROWTH
DESCRIPTION
Despite economic challenges, consumer interest in restaurant experiences remained robust in
2023. The restaurant industry was projected to reach $997 billion in sales, partly driven by
higher menu prices. This growth was fuelled by consumers' preference for dining out over
cooking at home, with 84% of consumers stating that going to a restaurant is a better use of their
leisure time than cooking and cleaning up (National Restaurant Association, 2023).
FINANCIAL IMPACT
This shift in consumer behaviour presented an opportunity for Domino's to increase sales and
revenue. The strong consumer demand for restaurant experiences could have translated into
higher foot traffic in Domino's outlets and increased orders, especially in regions with a robust
dining-out culture (Hernandez, 2022).
STRATEGIC RESPONSE
To capitalise on this trend, Domino's might have focused on enhancing the in-store dining
experience and improving their delivery services. For instance, they could have introduced new
menu items, limited-time offers, or promotional deals to attract customers (Light, 2020).
Investing in digital ordering platforms and marketing campaigns could have helped them tap
into the growing consumer demand more effectively.
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SECTION B: DIVIDEND POLICY AND SOURCES OF FINANCE
DIVIDEND POLICY
Domino's has demonstrated a dynamic dividend history. Notably, in 2023, the company paid an
interim dividend of 3.3 GBX with a yield of 0.95% and a final dividend of 6.8 GBX with a yield
of 2.38%. The previous year, 2022, saw similar payouts with an interim dividend of 3.2 GBX
and a final dividend of 6.8 GBX. In 2021, the interim dividend was 3 GBX, while the final
dividend was notably higher at 9.1 GBX. The annual dividend 2023 stood at 10 GBX, with a
yield of 2.60% (MarketBeat, 2023).
TABLE 1: DOMINO'S DIVIDEND HISTORY BY QUARTER
FIGURE 2: DOM DIVIDEND YIELD OVER TIME
Domino's dividend payout ratios vary significantly based on different metrics. The trailing 12-
month earnings payout ratio stands at a striking 3,571.43%, whereas the estimate based on the
year's earnings is a more conservative 49.49%, and the cash flow-based ratio is 81.50%
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(MarketBeat, 2023). This variance indicates a flexible approach to dividend distribution,
focusing on balancing shareholder returns with reinvestment for growth.
Domino's dividend policy can be analysed in the context of dividend theories. There are two
major dividend theories. Dividend relevance theories, including the Traditional, Walter, and
Gordon models, suggest that dividends impact the company's market value. Dividend
Irrelevance theories, particularly the Modigliani and Miller (MM) approach, argue that
dividend distribution is irrelevant in determining a company's market value (Finance
Management, 2023). Given the company's record of consistent dividend growth over the years,
with an average 10-year growth rate above 20% YoY, Domino's dividend policy aligns more
closely with dividend relevance theories. This approach, backed by the company's strong
financial performance and market growth, reinforces the importance of dividends in its
corporate finance strategy.
SOURCES OF FINANCE
Domino's has a complex capital structure that reflects its strategic financial management
decisions over recent years. The company's sources of finance are a mix of equity and debt, with
significant changes observed in these elements.
Starting with equity, the company's share capital has shown stability. Still, the additional paid-
in capital, which has remained constant at 49.6 million GBP for 2020 to 2022, indicates no
significant fresh equity infusion. However, a crucial concern is the substantial increase in the
accumulated deficit, growing from -51.1 million GBP in 2020 to -156.6 million GBP in 2022
(Annual report, 2023). This trend suggests that Domino's has been either reinvesting its
earnings into the business or covering operational losses, leading to a decrease in retained
earnings. The negative total equity values, which have been growing more negative over the
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years, are a strong indicator of financial distress or a deliberate strategy of using profits for
reinvestment or debt repayment rather than dividends (Charles et al., 2021).
In terms of non-current liabilities, there has been a notable decrease in long-term debt from
452.3 million GBP in 2020 to 283.7 million GBP in 2022 (Investing.com, 2023). This reduction
indicates that Domino's has been paying or refinancing its long-term debts under more
favourable terms. However, the capital lease obligations have remained consistently high,
around 203 million GBP, suggesting a strategic reliance on leasing as a financing tool. This
could be a deliberate choice to keep the liquidity for operational needs or expansion plans rather
than investing heavily in fixed assets.
The gearing ratio, calculated as the proportion of non-current liabilities to total equity, shows an
interesting trend. The negative equity values result in negative gearing ratios, which are unusual
and indicate a highly leveraged company. This high leverage is a double-edged sword: it can
potentially offer higher returns on equity but also comes with increased financial risk,
especially in terms of liquidity and the ability to service debt.
Gearing ratio
2022 2021 2020
Non-current liabilities 505.00 462.80 452.30
Total Equity -112.80 -58.60 -8.80
Gearing ratio -4.48 -7.90 -51.40
-4.48 -7.90
-51.40
-60.00
-50.00
-40.00
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
0.00
2022 2021 2020
Gearing ratio
Gearing ratio
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Given these aspects of Domino's capital structure, the Modigliani and Miller (M&M) view of
capital structure theory seems more applicable. According to this theory, the capital structure is
irrelevant to the company's value in perfect market conditions. In Domino's case, the focus is on
leveraging debt to optimise operational performance and growth potential rather than
maintaining a balanced mix of equity and debt. However, this high level of gearing comes with
its own set of challenges and risks. It can make the company's capital structure riskier,
particularly in situations of market volatility or downturns in the business. The company's
heavy reliance on debt financing, including long-term obligations and lease financing, must be
managed carefully to ensure long-term financial stability and avoid liquidity crunches.
Moreover, the negative equity values raise concerns about the company's long-term financial
health and ability to finance its operations and growth strategies sustainably.
Domino's financial strategy reflects a high reliance on debt financing, with a significant part of
its capital structure comprising long-term debt and lease obligations. This approach aligns with
the M&M view, focusing on leveraging and operational efficiency. However, the negative
equity values and high gearing ratio highlight the need for careful financial management to
maintain stability and support growth.
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SECTION C: FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS
PROFITABILITY RATIOS
RETURN ON CAPITAL EMPLOYED (ROCE)
Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) is a financial ratio that measures a company's profitability
and the efficiency with which its capital is employed. ROCE is calculated as Profit Before
Interest and Tax (PBIT) divided by the sum of non-current liabilities and total equity (Onuoha et
al., 2023). This ratio is significant as it indicates how well a company generates profits from its
total capital.
For Domino's, the ROCE decreased from 21.04% in 2021 to 16.01% in 2022. This decline
suggests the company's efficiency in generating profit from its employed capital has reduced. A
decrease in PBIT or a capital increase employed could have led to this lower ratio. To improve
this ratio, Domino's should focus on increasing its operational profits or more efficiently
managing its capital.
OPERATING PROFIT MARGIN
Operating Profit Margin measures how much profit a company makes for each pound of
revenue after paying variable production costs, such as wages and raw materials, but before
paying interest or tax. It is calculated as Operating Profit divided by Total Revenue (CFI, 2023).
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In the case of Domino's, the operating profit margin decreased from 18.85% in 2021 to 17.02%
in 2022. This reduction indicates a decline in the efficiency with which the company converts
sales into actual profit. This could be due to increased costs or a decrease in pricing power.
Domino's should look at strategies to control operational costs or increase revenue through
pricing strategies or sales volume growth to improve this margin.
RETURN ON ASSETS (ROA)
Return on Assets (ROA) indicates how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. It is
calculated as Net Income divided by Total Assets. ROA shows how efficient management uses
its assets to generate earnings (Choiriyah et al., 2020).
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For Domino's, the ROA slightly increased from 15.00% in 2021 to 15.67% in 2022. This
improvement suggests that the company has become more efficient at using its assets to
generate net income. Domino's should continue to focus on effectively utilising its assets or
increasing its net income to enhance this ratio further.
While Domino's shows a solid capacity to produce a profit in proportion to its assets and capital
employed, the slight decrease in ROCE and Operating Profit Margin in 2022 indicates areas for
improvement. Focusing on operational efficiency, cost management, and asset utilisation can
help Domino's enhance its profitability ratios.
LIQUIDITY RATIOS
CURRENT RATIO
The current ratio assesses a company's capacity to pay short-term obligations with its short-term
assets. This is determined by dividing the company's current assets by its current liabilities. A
higher current ratio implies a better liquidity situation, meaning that the company has more than
enough short-term assets to meet its short-term liabilities. (Hertina, 2021).
For Domino's, the current ratio decreased from 1.15 to 0.91. This decrease suggests that
Domino's short-term assets have declined relative to its short-term liabilities, indicating a
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weaker liquidity position. The company should improve this ratio by increasing current assets
or reducing current liabilities to ensure better coverage of short-term obligations.
QUICK RATIO
The Quick Ratio, is popularly familier as Acid-Test Ratio, is an effective measure of liquidity. It
excludes inventories from current assets of a firm before dividing by current liabilities. This
ratio is crucial because inventories are often less liquid than other current assets (Vásquez
Villanueva et al., 2021).
Domino's quick ratio also decreases, moving from 1.06 to 0.82. This decline indicates that
when the less liquid assets (inventories) are excluded, the company's ability to cover its short-
term liabilities with its most liquid assets has weakened. This suggests that Domino's might face
challenges in quickly converting assets to cash to meet immediate liabilities.
In conclusion, the current and quick ratios indicate a decline in liquidity for Domino's,
signalling a potential area of concern. The company may need to improve its cash position or
manage its current liabilities more effectively. This could involve better inventory
management, faster collection of receivables, or restructuring of current liabilities to improve
its short-term financial stability.
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GEARING RATIOS
INTEREST COVERAGE RATIO
Interest Coverage Ratio is a gearing ratio that evaluates a firm’s ability to meet its interest
obligations. It is calculated by dividing the operating profit by the interest expenses. This ratio
indicates how often a company can cover its interest payments with its operating profit, and a
higher ratio suggests better financial health (Hayes, 2023).
For Domino's, the interest coverage ratio has been negativing for both years, -4.26 in 2022 and -
5.65 in 2021. These negative values indicate that the company's operating profit is insufficient
to cover its interest expenses. This situation can be a significant concern as it implies that
Domino's is facing challenges in generating enough operating income to cover its financial
costs, potentially leading to financial distress if the trend continues—Domino's needs to focus
on improving its operating profits or restructuring its debt to improve this ratio.
EFFICIENCY RATIOS
DEBTOR (RECEIVABLES) IN DAYS
Debtor (Receivables) in Days measures the average number of days a company takes to collect
payment after a sale. It is calculated by dividing trade receivables by total revenue and then
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multiplying by 365 days. A lower number of days is generally preferable as it indicates a
quicker collection period (Listiadi, 2022).
For Domino's, the debtor days increased from 16.99 days in 2021 to 20.31 days in 2022. This
increase suggests that Domino's is taking longer to collect customer payments. The company
should improve its collection processes to reduce this time, as more extended collection periods
can impact cash flow and overall financial efficiency.
INVENTORY TURNOVER DAYS
Inventory Turnover Days is calculated by dividing inventory by the cost of sales and
multiplying by 365 days. This ratio measures how many days it takes for a company to sell its
entire inventory. A lower number indicates more efficient inventory management (CFI, 2023).
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Domino's inventory turnover decreased slightly from 13.62 days in 2021 to 12.96 days in 2022.
This decrease suggests a marginal improvement in how efficiently the company manages and
turns over its inventory. Efficient inventory management is crucial as it ensures that capital is
not unnecessarily tied up in stock and is available for other operational needs.
Therefore, while Domino's shows areas of concern in its gearing ratio, with its operating profits
not covering interest expenses adequately, its efficiency ratios paint a mixed picture. The
increase in debtor days suggests a need for improved collection processes, while the decrease in
inventory turnover days indicates a slight improvement in inventory management. Addressing
these areas could help improve Domino's overall financial health and operational efficiency.
CONCLUSION
This report on Domino's Pizza Group PLC has delved into the company's financial performance
amidst shifting global economic landscapes and internal strategic shifts. The analysis
highlighted significant global inflationary pressures and changes in consumer demand, which
have considerably impacted Domino's operations and financial strategies. Despite these
challenges, Domino's has demonstrated adaptability through strategic pricing and menu
adjustments, optimising its supply chain, and enhancing customer experiences to capitalise on
robust market demand. The company's dividend policy reflects a balance between shareholder
returns and reinvestment for growth, aligning with dividend relevance theories. Despite a
dynamic dividend history, there have been fluctuations in payout ratios, indicating a flexible
approach to dividend distribution. The company's capital structure, characterised by a high
reliance on debt financing and negative equity values, suggests alignment with Modigliani and
Miller's theory. While offering potentially high returns on equity, this approach also brings
inherent financial risks, especially in liquidity and debt servicing.
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In terms of financial ratios, Domino's has shown mixed results. The decline in ROCE and
operating profit margin in 2022 points to areas needing improvement, particularly in
operational efficiency and cost management. Current and quick liquidity ratios have indicated a
decrease, signalling potential concerns in short-term financial stability. The gearing ratio
analysis has revealed a highly leveraged company, necessitating careful debt management.
Domino's has also shown areas of efficiency, with a slight improvement in inventory turnover
days but an increase in debtor days. These findings suggest the need for enhanced inventory
management and faster collection processes. Overall, it can be stated that while Domino's
navigates a challenging economic environment, its strategic responses and financial
management strategies indicate a resilient approach. However, the company must continue to
adapt and optimise its operations, capital structure, and financial management to sustain growth
and maintain financial health.
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REFERENCES
CFI (2023) Operating profit divided by total revenue, expressed as a percentage.
Available at https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/accounting/operating-profit-
margin/
CFI (2023) What is the Inventory Turnover Ratio?. Available at
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/accounting/inventory-turnover-ratio/
#:~:text=The%20inventory%20turnover%20ratio%2C%20also%20known%20as
%20the,inventory%20is%20%E2%80%9Cturned%E2%80%9D%20or%20sold%20during
%20a%20period.
Charles, R., Tobias, O., & Tabitha, N. (2021)' Fundamental Anomalies and Firms
Financial Distress; Evidence from Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya', Journal of Applied
Finance and Banking, 11(2), 1-27.
Choiriyah, C. et al. (2020) 'The effect of return on assets, return on equity, net profit
margin, earning per share, and operating profit margin on stock prices of banking companies in
Indonesia Stock Exchange', International Journal of Finance Research, 1(2), 103-123.
Deloitte (2023) Global food prices inflation | Deloitte insights. Available at:
https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/insights/economy/global-food-prices-inflation.html
(Accessed: 28 December 2023).
Domino's Pizza Group PLC. (2022) Annual report (2022). Available at
https://investors.dominos.co.uk/system/files/uploads/financialdocs/2022-annual-report.pdf
Finance Management (2023) Dividend Theories – Meaning, Types, and Explanation.
Available at https://efinancemanagement.com/dividend-decisions/dividend-theories
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Hayes A. (2023) 'Interest Coverage Ratio: Formula, How It Works, and Example',
Investopedia. Available at https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestcoverageratio.asp
Hernandez, J. (2022) Council post: Three major consumer behavior shifts driving the
future of customer experiences, Forbes. Available at:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/10/07/three-major-consumer-behavior-
shifts-driving-the-future-of-customer-experiences/ (Accessed: 28 December 2023).
Hertina, D. (2021) 'The influence of current ratio, debt to equity ratio and company size
on return on assets', Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT),
12(8), 1702-1709.
Investing.com (2023) Domino's Pizza Group PLC (DOM). Available at
https://www.investing.com/equities/dominos-pizza-ukir-balance-sheet
Light, L. (2020) Domino’s six ‘can-do’ actions lead to increased sales, Forbes. Available
at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/larrylight/2020/07/23/dominos-six-can-do-actions-lead-to-
increased-sales/ (Accessed: 28 December 2023).
Listiadi, A. (2022) 'The Acceptance Effectiveness Through Accounts Receivable Billing
Period Average', IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business
Development), 5(4), 699-707.
National Restaurant Association (2023) State of the Restaurant Industry 2023. Available
at https://go.restaurant.org/SOI2023-PR.html
Onuoha, C. et a. (2023) 'GREEN BOARD COMMITTEE AND PROFITABILITY OF
PUBLICLY TRADED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA', GSJ, 11(4), 1437.
17 | P a g e

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Trainer, D. (2022) Domino’s pizza: Delivering a superior business model, Forbes.
Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2022/03/28/dominos-pizza-
delivering-a-superior-business-model/ (Accessed: 28 December 2023).
UN (2023) World Economic Situation and Prospects: August 2023 Briefing, No. 174.
Available at https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economic-
situation-and-prospects-august-2023-briefing-no-174/#:~:text=Globally%2C
%20year,differences%20among%20regions%20and%20countries
Vásquez Villanueva, C. A. et al. (2021) 'Liquidity and accounts receivable ratios:
comparative analysis of companies in the dairy sector trading in the Bolsa de Valores de Lima',
Visión de Futuro. DOI:10.36995/j.visiondefuturo.2021.25.02R.006.en
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APPENDIX- A
CALCULATIONS OF THE RATIOS
Formulae 2022 2021
Profitability ratios (3 Ratios)
Return on
Capital
Employed
(ROCE)
Profit before Interest & Tax
(PBIT) / (equity and long-
term liabilities) x 100
{99 ÷ (505+112.8)} x
100
16.019%
110÷(505+462.8)} x
100
21.04%
Operating
Profit
Margin
P&L
(Operating Profit ÷
Revenue) x 100
(102.20 ÷ 600.30) x
100
17.02%
(105.70 ÷ 560.80) x
100
18.85%
Return on
Assets
(ROA)
(Net Income ÷ Total Assets)
x 100
(81.6 ÷ 521) x 100
15.67%
(78.3 ÷ 522) x 100
15%
Liquidity (2 Ratios)
Current Ratio
BS
Current Assets ÷ Current
Liabilities
CA:CL
(147 ÷ 129)
1.15
(107 ÷118)
0.91
Quick ratio
BS
CA- Inventories / CL (147.2-12) ÷ 128.5
1.06
(107-11) ÷ 1117.8
0.82
Gearing ratios (1 Ratio)
Interest
Coverage
Operating profit ÷ Interest
on Loan (Finance costs)
{102.2 ÷ (-24)}
-4.26
{105.7 ÷ (-19)}
-5.65
Efficiency Ratios (2 Ratios)
Debtor
(Receivables)
in days
(Trade Receivables ÷ Total
Revenue) x
365 days
(33 ÷ 600.3) x
365 days
20.31
(26 ÷ 560.8) x
365 days
16.99
Inventory
Turnover
Days
BS
( Inventory ÷ Cost of Sales)
x 365 days
(11.6 ÷ 327) x 365
days
12.96
(10.9 ÷ 292) x 365
days
13.62
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APPENDIX- B
BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENT OF DOMINO'S PIZZA
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