73 DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK 73 DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK Drug and Alcohol Use in the UK Name of the University Author Name
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Running head: DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
Drug and Alcohol use in the UK
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note
Drug and Alcohol use in the UK
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note
1DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
Acknowledgement
Thank you to all of those who have helped listened and encouraged me throughout this study. I
am indebted to my supervisor ......................... whose guidance, advice and patience have
been immeasurable. My sincere thanks to all members of the ... [Mention your
university/college name], both staff and students, whose continuous support have made this
thesis possible.
I would like to thank all of the participants in the study: students, teachers and Local Education
Authorities, for the time and help given throughout. Without their participation, this research
would not have been possible. In this context, I am also thankful to them, whose research work
helped me to execute this paper well.
Finally, I thank my family, for whom I was able to start or complete this thesis. Your
encouragement and support have never faltered; thank you.
Acknowledgement
Thank you to all of those who have helped listened and encouraged me throughout this study. I
am indebted to my supervisor ......................... whose guidance, advice and patience have
been immeasurable. My sincere thanks to all members of the ... [Mention your
university/college name], both staff and students, whose continuous support have made this
thesis possible.
I would like to thank all of the participants in the study: students, teachers and Local Education
Authorities, for the time and help given throughout. Without their participation, this research
would not have been possible. In this context, I am also thankful to them, whose research work
helped me to execute this paper well.
Finally, I thank my family, for whom I was able to start or complete this thesis. Your
encouragement and support have never faltered; thank you.
2DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol and drugs or the combination of the two substances may lead to
dangerous interactions, health, and physical as well as behavioral complications. The
consumption of illicit drugs like heroin, ecstasy, cocaine and marijuana may result in causation
of bodily injury and similar life-threatening side effects. Substance abuse includes the chronic
use of drugs and alcohol and any person who is subjected to prolonged consumption of alcohol
and drugs enhances the tolerance of the person consuming, thereby requiring more of the
substance in order to achieve the same desirable outcome. Initially alcohol and substance abuse
may be seen as a minor problem but eventually it turns out to be a significant concern, giving
rise to other health related problems. Drug use in the United Kingdom seems to have been
widely stabilized since millennium with fluctuations in the rate of substance use though; the rate
has mostly been high majority of the times especially in terms of using crack and cocaine. The
United Kingdom is said to have the highest level of dependent drug use and is also known for the
highest level of recreational drug use in Europe. The situation worsened over the last quarter of
the twentieth century when there was an incline in the number of dependent heroin users in
Scotland and England. The principal cause of the drug problems in Britain cannot be said to be
occasional drug use but dependence of people on Class a drugs such as cocaine and heroin.
Alcohol drinking is an integral part of social, family and occupational life for several
people in the United Kingdom. The rationale of this research is to identify the prevalent causes
that are attributing to the substance abuse in the United Kingdom. The availability of the drugs
and their easy accessibility is the most significant reason for the teenagers and youths to be
engaged in drug and alcohol abuse, in particular.
Abstract
The consumption of alcohol and drugs or the combination of the two substances may lead to
dangerous interactions, health, and physical as well as behavioral complications. The
consumption of illicit drugs like heroin, ecstasy, cocaine and marijuana may result in causation
of bodily injury and similar life-threatening side effects. Substance abuse includes the chronic
use of drugs and alcohol and any person who is subjected to prolonged consumption of alcohol
and drugs enhances the tolerance of the person consuming, thereby requiring more of the
substance in order to achieve the same desirable outcome. Initially alcohol and substance abuse
may be seen as a minor problem but eventually it turns out to be a significant concern, giving
rise to other health related problems. Drug use in the United Kingdom seems to have been
widely stabilized since millennium with fluctuations in the rate of substance use though; the rate
has mostly been high majority of the times especially in terms of using crack and cocaine. The
United Kingdom is said to have the highest level of dependent drug use and is also known for the
highest level of recreational drug use in Europe. The situation worsened over the last quarter of
the twentieth century when there was an incline in the number of dependent heroin users in
Scotland and England. The principal cause of the drug problems in Britain cannot be said to be
occasional drug use but dependence of people on Class a drugs such as cocaine and heroin.
Alcohol drinking is an integral part of social, family and occupational life for several
people in the United Kingdom. The rationale of this research is to identify the prevalent causes
that are attributing to the substance abuse in the United Kingdom. The availability of the drugs
and their easy accessibility is the most significant reason for the teenagers and youths to be
engaged in drug and alcohol abuse, in particular.
3DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
The researcher sheds light on identifying and analyzing the extensive and increased use of drug
and alcohol in the UK. The above chapter mentions that the drug and alcohol use in the UK has
increased and is a matter of concern for the UK government. The chapter sheds light on the
various drug problems in the UK along with increasing drug use among the young adults, legal
framework, government interventions and government. The chapter encounters critical analysis
of drug and alcohol use in the UK thereby, helping to develop better understanding about the
topic. The researcher has used positivism philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive
research design. The researcher has used secondary data collection technique due to which the
researcher has been able to gather required information from relevant secondary resources,
official websites, government websites and other internet facilities. Thus, taking into account the
research strategy and data collection technique, thematic analysis has been used by the
researcher. In this research, it can be concluded that drugs and alcohol use in the UK has
increased over the years. The success of the nation is highly dependent on the societal population
that gives economy to the entire country. The use of drugs and alcohol is considered as a
substance use that causes serious and detrimental impact on the individual that consumes it for
prolonged period. Also, prolonged use of drugs and alcohol results in addition of the substance
for the individual thereby, resulting in higher requirement of the substance. Based on the
identified challenges, the suitable recommendations include preventure, good behavior game and
strengthening families
The researcher sheds light on identifying and analyzing the extensive and increased use of drug
and alcohol in the UK. The above chapter mentions that the drug and alcohol use in the UK has
increased and is a matter of concern for the UK government. The chapter sheds light on the
various drug problems in the UK along with increasing drug use among the young adults, legal
framework, government interventions and government. The chapter encounters critical analysis
of drug and alcohol use in the UK thereby, helping to develop better understanding about the
topic. The researcher has used positivism philosophy, deductive approach and descriptive
research design. The researcher has used secondary data collection technique due to which the
researcher has been able to gather required information from relevant secondary resources,
official websites, government websites and other internet facilities. Thus, taking into account the
research strategy and data collection technique, thematic analysis has been used by the
researcher. In this research, it can be concluded that drugs and alcohol use in the UK has
increased over the years. The success of the nation is highly dependent on the societal population
that gives economy to the entire country. The use of drugs and alcohol is considered as a
substance use that causes serious and detrimental impact on the individual that consumes it for
prolonged period. Also, prolonged use of drugs and alcohol results in addition of the substance
for the individual thereby, resulting in higher requirement of the substance. Based on the
identified challenges, the suitable recommendations include preventure, good behavior game and
strengthening families
4DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................8
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Problem Statement...............................................................................................................11
1.2 Research Aim.......................................................................................................................12
1.3 Research objectives.............................................................................................................12
1.4 Research Questions..............................................................................................................12
1.5 Rationale of the Research....................................................................................................13
1.6 Structure of Research...........................................................................................................14
1.7 Summary..............................................................................................................................15
Chapter 2: Literature review..........................................................................................................17
2.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................17
2.1 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................18
2.2 Drug problem in UK............................................................................................................19
2.3 Causes of prevalent drug issues in UK................................................................................21
2.4 Drugs and Young adults......................................................................................................26
2.5 Drug and alcohol abuse in workplace..................................................................................30
2.6 Impact of Drug abuse in the UK..........................................................................................32
2.7 Alcohol problem in UK.......................................................................................................34
2.7.1 Causes of prevalent alcohol issues in UK.....................................................................35
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................8
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Problem Statement...............................................................................................................11
1.2 Research Aim.......................................................................................................................12
1.3 Research objectives.............................................................................................................12
1.4 Research Questions..............................................................................................................12
1.5 Rationale of the Research....................................................................................................13
1.6 Structure of Research...........................................................................................................14
1.7 Summary..............................................................................................................................15
Chapter 2: Literature review..........................................................................................................17
2.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................17
2.1 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................18
2.2 Drug problem in UK............................................................................................................19
2.3 Causes of prevalent drug issues in UK................................................................................21
2.4 Drugs and Young adults......................................................................................................26
2.5 Drug and alcohol abuse in workplace..................................................................................30
2.6 Impact of Drug abuse in the UK..........................................................................................32
2.7 Alcohol problem in UK.......................................................................................................34
2.7.1 Causes of prevalent alcohol issues in UK.....................................................................35
5DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
2.7.2 Impact of Alcohol abuse in the UK..............................................................................37
2.8 Ranking of Drugs and its reasons........................................................................................39
2.9 Professional intervention to prevent harm and reduction....................................................41
2.10 Alcohol and Drugs Use: Roles and Capabilities of Social Workers.................................43
2.11 Prevention of Drugs and Alcohol abuse in the UK...........................................................45
2.11.1 Government approaches.............................................................................................45
2.11.2 Drug education: Review of British Policy and evidence of its effectiveness.............47
2.11.3 Legal Framework (Drugs and Alcohol)......................................................................49
2.12 Treatment of Drugs and alcohol........................................................................................51
2.13 Extent of success in preventing drug and alcohol abuse in UK........................................53
2.14 Summary............................................................................................................................54
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................55
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................55
3.1 Research outline...................................................................................................................55
3.2 Research philosophy............................................................................................................56
3.2.1 Giving grounds for choosing positivism philosophy....................................................56
3.3 Research approach...............................................................................................................56
3.3.1 Giving grounds for choosing deductive approach........................................................57
3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................57
3.4.1 Giving grounds for choosing descriptive design..........................................................58
2.7.2 Impact of Alcohol abuse in the UK..............................................................................37
2.8 Ranking of Drugs and its reasons........................................................................................39
2.9 Professional intervention to prevent harm and reduction....................................................41
2.10 Alcohol and Drugs Use: Roles and Capabilities of Social Workers.................................43
2.11 Prevention of Drugs and Alcohol abuse in the UK...........................................................45
2.11.1 Government approaches.............................................................................................45
2.11.2 Drug education: Review of British Policy and evidence of its effectiveness.............47
2.11.3 Legal Framework (Drugs and Alcohol)......................................................................49
2.12 Treatment of Drugs and alcohol........................................................................................51
2.13 Extent of success in preventing drug and alcohol abuse in UK........................................53
2.14 Summary............................................................................................................................54
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................55
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................55
3.1 Research outline...................................................................................................................55
3.2 Research philosophy............................................................................................................56
3.2.1 Giving grounds for choosing positivism philosophy....................................................56
3.3 Research approach...............................................................................................................56
3.3.1 Giving grounds for choosing deductive approach........................................................57
3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................57
3.4.1 Giving grounds for choosing descriptive design..........................................................58
6DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
3.5 Research strategy.................................................................................................................58
3.5.1 Giving grounds for choosing case study strategy.........................................................59
3.6 Data collection process........................................................................................................59
3.6.1 Giving grounds for choosing secondary data collection process..................................60
3.7 Data analysis process...........................................................................................................60
3.7.1 Giving grounds for choosing thematic analysis............................................................60
3.8 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................61
3.9 Accessibility issues..............................................................................................................61
3.10 Summary............................................................................................................................62
Chapter 4: Data Analysis...............................................................................................................63
4.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................63
4.1 Thematic analysis................................................................................................................63
4.2 Summary..............................................................................................................................80
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................81
5.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................81
5.1 Linking with objectives.......................................................................................................83
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................85
5.3 Future scope of the study.....................................................................................................86
References......................................................................................................................................87
3.5 Research strategy.................................................................................................................58
3.5.1 Giving grounds for choosing case study strategy.........................................................59
3.6 Data collection process........................................................................................................59
3.6.1 Giving grounds for choosing secondary data collection process..................................60
3.7 Data analysis process...........................................................................................................60
3.7.1 Giving grounds for choosing thematic analysis............................................................60
3.8 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................61
3.9 Accessibility issues..............................................................................................................61
3.10 Summary............................................................................................................................62
Chapter 4: Data Analysis...............................................................................................................63
4.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................63
4.1 Thematic analysis................................................................................................................63
4.2 Summary..............................................................................................................................80
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................81
5.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................81
5.1 Linking with objectives.......................................................................................................83
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................85
5.3 Future scope of the study.....................................................................................................86
References......................................................................................................................................87
7DRUG AND ALCOHOL USE IN THE UK
List of Figures
Figure 1: Conceptual framework...................................................................................................17
Figure 2: Socio-Economic factors of Drug and alcohol abuse amongst young adults..................25
Figure 3: Harmful drugs................................................................................................................39
Figure 4: Model of drug and alcohol prevention...........................................................................41
Figure 5: Impact of drug and alcohol use in the UK.....................................................................64
Figure 6: Rate of hospital admissions due to increased use of drugs and admission....................65
Figure 7: Deaths due to use of drugs and alcohol..........................................................................65
Figure 8: Ranking of drugs............................................................................................................66
Figure 9: Comparing drug and alcohol use in UK and other European countries.........................67
Figure 10: Rate of alcohol consumption among young men and women.....................................69
Figure 11: Rate of drug consumption in various European countries...........................................70
Figure 12: Death rate in UK and other European nations.............................................................71
List of Figures
Figure 1: Conceptual framework...................................................................................................17
Figure 2: Socio-Economic factors of Drug and alcohol abuse amongst young adults..................25
Figure 3: Harmful drugs................................................................................................................39
Figure 4: Model of drug and alcohol prevention...........................................................................41
Figure 5: Impact of drug and alcohol use in the UK.....................................................................64
Figure 6: Rate of hospital admissions due to increased use of drugs and admission....................65
Figure 7: Deaths due to use of drugs and alcohol..........................................................................65
Figure 8: Ranking of drugs............................................................................................................66
Figure 9: Comparing drug and alcohol use in UK and other European countries.........................67
Figure 10: Rate of alcohol consumption among young men and women.....................................69
Figure 11: Rate of drug consumption in various European countries...........................................70
Figure 12: Death rate in UK and other European nations.............................................................71
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