Critical Appraisal of Evidence on Effectiveness of E-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Case Study Analysis
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This study analyzes the effectiveness of E-cigarettes for smoking cessation based on a case study. It includes authorship, research question, design, methods, and results. The critical appraisal of E-cigarettes in clinical practice and potential barriers for implementation are also discussed.
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Page1of7 Title page Student Name: HLSC122 Semester 2, 2018 Assessment 3: Critical appraisal of evidence Word count: Student name/student number
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Page2of7 Introduction Smoking cessation is one of the most significant topics due to its rationality. The number of smoker around Australia is increasing in Australia gradually. Thus, there is a wide importance for effective intervention for smoking habit. The use of E-cigarette is growing exponentially throughout the world for its relevance to mitigate the smoking habit. In general, the e-cigarette has nicotine which is generally used to detach the user from the tobacco-related products. The E- Cigarettes mainly comprises of nicotine and non-nicotine based chemicals. The solution of the e- cigarette creates the aerosol which influences the user (Brown, Beard, Kotz, Michie& West, 2014). Consumption of E-cigarette reduces the willingness of smoking which is correlated to the public health development. This study will analyze the effectiveness of E-cigarette for the cessation of smoking habit based on Joanne’s case study.The study is segregated into authorship, research question, research design, research methods, and results. The part of the study will analyze the critical appraisal of the ER-cigarette in the clinical practices and potential barriers for the implementation of anti-smoking habits. The concluding part has summarized the key outcomes of the study. PART A Authorship The holistic effects of E-cigarettes have been discussed in the study by the researcher. The maintenance and comparison of the nicotine and non-nicotine products have been discussed have been segregated in this research work Apart from that, the authors continue to focus on the alternative way of replacing the tobacco products. The design, method and the result of the research express the appropriateness of the research of the author (Brown et al., 2014). Research Question How effective are e-cigarettes compared to other nicotine replacement therapies for smoking cessation in adults? Student name/student number
Page3of7 The topic and the appropriateness of the question are rational.Joanne’s effort to start the Airbnb business was not getting success due to his smoking habit as the rental property of Airbnb business does not support the smoking habit. On the contrary, the business naturally obliges her to leave the habit of smoking. Joanne was in search of smoking alternatives as she was not willing to attain the yoga class. She finds E-cigarette to be a better alternative for nicotine smoking. (Corrigan-Curay, Sacks & Woodcock, 2018). The e-cigarette is very useful and easy to use. Like the other users, Joanne wants to use it. She prefers the e-cigarette over the other nicotine products. Research Design The discussion about the benefits and disadvantages of using the e-cigarette shows the exact figure of using the e-cigarette. The members of the different stream have been invited to review the progress of using the e-cigarette. The smokers of the participants are also been invited to see the exact progress of using the e-cigarette (Doss, Ayodele & Mbe, 2017). The participants are asked about the status of the smoking. Most of the smokers agree that their rate of smoking is decreased compared to the previous years due to using the e-cigarette. The other participants say that they use the other nicotine products which are supposed to more effective than the e- cigarette. According to the question of the research, a quantitative survey-based research design is done to collect the data from the users of E-Cigarettes. Research methods The expert researchers take the opinion and review the opinion of the participant's members from the different age group. They divided the participants according to specific age group; 18-24, 25-39 at this way. The members of the panel observe the entire research over the participants' school, secondary level, and the higher secondary school. Apart from that, they categorized the group based on their income and status (Ghafoor, 2017). Results The overall results show the effectiveness of using the e-cigarette. The studies have been conducted by a healthcare institute and it is found that the users of the e-cigarette are considered as the more effective as the others who use the other nicotine related products. The study has Student name/student number
Page4of7 been conducted among the 1242 people, 18 % of them expresses their view on the effectiveness of using the e-cigarette. Most of the participant expresses that they are now able to stay without tobacco products (Filippidis, Laverty & Vardavas, 2016).By using the e-cigarette, it is found that the pollution is decreased gradually. By using the e-cigarette, the users are now able to leave the cigarette and show a significant healthcare improvement. However, the outcome of the survey has signified that there is only a little difference between the e-cigarette and non-nicotine smoking and both have the effectiveness of quality care improvement. PART B Critical appraisal in clinical practice There is a wide acceptance of e-cigarette in the clinical healthcare setting. The healthcare professionals use this as quality care tools for the healthcare improvement of the smokers. (Kalkhoran & Glantz, 2016). In the healthcare setting, the e-cigarettes are advised by the healthcare professionals to reduce the smoking habit. However, the e-cigarette contains some harmful ingredients that have a little effect on the lungs. Thus, a control consumption of e- cigarette can be beneficial for the healthcare wellbeing.The overall health effect on the E- cigarette should be less than that of the conventional ones in the opinion of some researchers (Greenhalgh et al., 2017). Adult users are getting aware of the situation and they are transferring to the E-cigarette. AS per the case study, the co0nsumption of e-cigarette can be beneficial for Joanne (Kotz, Brown & West, 2014). Barriers to the application of research Source of data is very limited. Thus, it is impossible to gather exact evidence to understand the importance of e-cigarette. Lack of sufficient data is the key barrier to the research. In some of the research paper, it is seen that the researchers refer to the nicotine fewer e-Cigarettes which have a liquid cartridge to recharge (Rüther et al., 2014). Lack of sufficient resources is also an important barrier for this research work.More data is required for a proper analysis of the Nicotine Free E-cigarettes with the other modes should have more data.The proper conclusion cannot be drawn from the research. Another point is there that E-cigarettes whicharewithnicotine'sithashealtheffects(Shaikh,Nugawela&Szatkowski,2015). Student name/student number
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Page5of7 Appropriate research should be done on the health effects of the conventional cigarettes and the nonconventional cigarettes it will help in taking a proper decision to the public like Joane. Conclusion The research was done on the evidence-based nursing weather e-Cigarettes have good implication over other materials to replace conventional cigarettes. In conclusion, it can be said more baseline data's should be acquired by the researchers for this research. According to the research paper, the differences between the E-cigarette and the other product is to some extent clear but the difference in the health effects of the nicotine free E-cigarettes and with nicotine e- cigarettes are not clear. On the contrary, it is seen that it is seen that the nicotine free E-cigarettes causes less damage to the person than the conventional E-cigarettes(West, Shahab& Brown, 2016). The problem lies in the sensation during consuming the nicotine free E-cigarette.After consuming the nicotine free e cigarettes the consumers does not have the same level of sensation. This is some of the contradiction found in the research about the use of e-cigarettes over other materials. To conclude further substantial research is needed to provide appropriate data to take proper decisions. Student name/student number
Page6of7 References Brown, J., Beard, E., Kotz, D., Michie, S., & West, R. (2014). Real-world effectiveness ofe-cigaretteswhenusedtoaidsmokingcessation:across-sectional population study.Addiction,109(9), 1531-1540. doi: 10.1111/add.12623 Corrigan-Curay, J., Sacks, L., & Woodcock, J. (2018).Real-World Evidence and Real- World Data for Evaluating Drug Safety and Effectiveness.JAMA,320(9), 867.doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.10136 Doss, D., Ayodele, O., &Mbe, Q. (2017). Nurses’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and practices regarding electronic cigarettes: A cross- sectional study.Tobacco Prevention & Cessation,3(9), 63-95.doi: 10.18332/tpc/76550 Filippidis, F., Laverty, A., &Vardavas, C. (2016). Experimentation with e-cigarettes as a smokingcessationaid:across-sectionalstudyin28EuropeanUnion memberstates.BMJOpen,6(10),e012084.doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016- 012084 Ghafoor, F. (2017). Real-World Effectiveness of Intravenous Stroke Thrombolysis was more than the expectation of a group of practicing neurologists.Journal Of MedicalScienceAndClinicalResearch,5(11),36-105.doi: 10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.87 Kalkhoran, S., &Glantz, S. (2016). E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinicalsettings:asystematicreviewandmeta-analysis.TheLancet Respiratory Medicine,4(2), 116-128. doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00521-4 Kelly, M., Heath, I., Howick, J., & Greenhalgh, T. (2017). The importance of values in evidence-based medicine. BMC Medical Ethics, 16(1), 16-38. doi: Student name/student number
Page7of7 10.1186/s12910-015-0063-3 Kotz, D., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014).Prospective Cohort Study of the Effectiveness of SmokingCessationTreatmentsUsedinthe“RealWorld”.MayoClinic Proceedings,89(10), 1360-1367. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.004 Rüther, T., Wissen, F., Linhardt, A., Aichert, D., Pogarell, O., & De Vries, H. (2014). EPA-1692 – Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Germany - a smoking cessationaid?.EuropeanPsychiatry,29,1.doi:10.1016/s0924- 9338(14)78835-2 Shaikh, W., Nugawela, M., &Szatkowski, L. (2015). What are the main sources of smoking cessation support used by adolescent smokers in England? A cross-sectional study.BMC Public Health,15(1).doi: 10.1186/s12889-015- 1925-9 West,R., Shahab,L.,& Brown,J. (2016).Estimatingthepopulationimpactof e- cigarettes on smoking cessation in England.Addiction,111(6), 1118-1119. doi: 10.1111/add.13343 Student name/student number